Intellectual disability, also known as intellectual disability, generally refers to the persistent impairment of cognitive activities caused by organic damage to the brain. Next, let us learn about the classification of intellectual disability with me!
Methods of classifying the grades of intellectual disability
1. Mild intellectual disability. IQ is 70 to 55 (take the Wechsler Intelligence Test as an example, the same below), and has mild social adaptation disorder. Children with mild intellectual disabilities have basic self-care abilities and can undertake simple housework.
2. Moderate intellectual disability. IQ is 55-40 points, and has moderate social adjustment disorder. Children with moderate intellectual disabilities have a certain degree of self-care ability and can complete some simple housework. They need support and help from others in basic aspects of life.
3. Severe intellectual disability. He has an IQ of 40 to 25 points and has severe social adaptation disorders. Children with severe intellectual disabilities are often diagnosed soon after birth, and early intervention and training should be actively carried out. Their training mainly focuses on self-care, simple language communication and interpersonal communication.
4. Extremely severe intellectual disability. The IQ is below 25 points, and there are extremely serious social adaptation disorders. Children with severe intellectual disabilities basically have no independent living ability and are often accompanied by multiple obstacles, including movement disorders, daily life disorders, speech communication disorders and psychological diseases, etc., and require long-term and continuous support and help. Introduction to intellectual retardation
Intellectual disability, also known as intellectual disability, generally refers to the persistent impairment of cognitive activities and the overall impairment of mental activities due to organic damage to the brain or incomplete brain development. Referred to as mentally retarded. Due to harmful factors such as genetic variation, infection, poisoning, head injury, craniocerebral malformation or endocrine abnormalities, the brain of the fetus or infant cannot develop normally or is incompletely developed, causing the development of intellectual activities to stay at a relatively low stage. , called mental retardation. When the brain is damaged by physical, chemical, viruses, germs and other factors, the original normal intelligence is damaged, resulting in defects, which is called dementia. Causes of Intellectual Retardation
The causes of intellectual disability are divided into two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital mental retardation may be due to chromosomal abnormalities; acquired mental retardation may be caused by brain damage (such as a car accident) or stimulation by external things.
Mental retardation is not only a worldwide disease that seriously endangers children's physical and mental health, but also a serious social problem. It is estimated that there are approximately 150 million people with mental retardation worldwide. With the rapid development of society and the increasingly fierce competition for talents, countries around the world have paid more attention to intellectual issues. Relevant researchers are also increasingly exploring the factors that lead to children's mental retardation.
Among them, genetic factors are one of the main causes of severe mental retardation; secondly, infection during pregnancy is another major cause of children with mental retardation, especially infection in the first three months of pregnancy. Maximum; Furthermore, malnutrition during pregnancy is one of the main causes of intrauterine fetal growth retardation.
Manifestations of mental retardation
1. The speed of perception is slowed down, and it is easier to accept stimulation from the visual pathway than the auditory stimulation;
2. Inattention is severely distracted, and the span of attention is very narrow. Broad vision
3. Poor memory. Learning new things requires countless repetitions before you can learn some knowledge. If you don’t repeat the learning, you will forget everything;
4. Poor speech ability, can only speak simple words and sentences, language barrier, difficult to communicate with normal people.
5. Low thinking ability, lack of abstract thinking ability, imagination and generalization ability, let alone the inability to draw inferences from one instance to other cases , the calculation ability is not strong
6. Basically no numerical concepts, and can learn simple addition and subtraction calculations by relying on mechanical memory;
7. Emotional instability, poor self-control, easy to do some Very extreme things
8. Weak will, lack of self-confidence and cannot bear blows.
9. Poor communication skills, difficult to learn interpersonal communication. Precautions for children with intellectual disabilities
1. When teaching and training children with intellectual disabilities, we must do everything possible to attract the children's attention, stimulate their curiosity, cultivate their interests, and mobilize their multiple senses to participate in the training.
2. Individual training, group training or collective training should be arranged during training. The design of the training format and the determination of the training content must be considered based on the individual needs of the trainees.
3. The training program should be broken down into detailed and slow steps to make it easier for mentally retarded children to accept it. Trainers should pay attention to the principle of small steps and multiple cycles in each step, so that the mentally retarded children can master the skills through repeated practice.
The most commonly used method in training is job analysis. That is, a certain target task is analyzed into several steps and trained in sequence to complete the target. It is generally completed in two forms: sequential method or reverse order method.
The sequential method is also called the forward chain method. According to the steps of the work, training starts from the first step. After completing the first step, train the second step until the last step.
The reverse sequence method is also called the reverse chain method. According to the working steps, start from the last step. After completing this step, teach the previous step backwards until the first step.