The holographic principle is that "a system can in principle be completely described by some degrees of freedom on its boundaries". It is a new basic principle based on the quantum properties of black holes. In fact, this basic principle is related to the quantum theory that combines quantum elements and qubits. The mathematical proof is that there are as many quantum elements as there are dimensions in space-time; there are as many qubits as there are quantum elements. Together they form a matrix-like finite set of space-time, that is, a set of their permutations. Holographic incompleteness means that there is a duality between selecting the number of permutations, selecting the empty set and selecting the complete permutation. That is, the holography of a certain dimension of space-time is completely equivalent to the holography of the arrangement number of one less qubit; this is similar to the "quantum error avoidance coding principle", which fundamentally solves the problem of system calculation errors caused by coding errors in quantum computing. Quantum computing of space and time is similar to the double-yoke code of the double helix structure of biological DNA. It is a quantum computer that organizes real and virtual, positive and negative double-yoke codes. This can be called "biological space-time", and the "entropy" here is similar to "macroscopic entropy". It not only refers to the degree of chaos, but also refers to a range. Does time refer to a range? In terms of "from life", it should mean. Therefore, all locations and times are ranges. The position "entropy" is the area "entropy", and the time "entropy" is the thermodynamic arrow "entropy". Secondly, a binary arrangement similar to the N-number sub-elements and N-number sub-bits, and a binary arrangement similar to the determinant or matrix of N-number rows and N-number columns. One of them is different, which is that the determinant or matrix is ??larger than the N-number sub-units. The binary arrangement of N elements and N sub-bits has one less qubit. Is this similar to the holographic principle? The binary arrangement of N sub-elements and N sub-bits is an integrable system, and any of its dynamics can be solved with low How can a qubit be described by a field theory similar to the determinant or matrix of N rows and N columns? It may be mathematically provable or explorable.
1. Anti-de Sitter space, that is, the space within a point, line, or plane, is integrable, because the intersection of a point, a line, or an inner space with a point, a line, or an out-of-plane space tends to "Super zero" or "zero point energy" zero, here is an integrable system, and any dynamics of it can be realized by a lower one-dimensional field theory. In other words, due to the symmetry of anti-de Sitter space, the symmetry in the field theory of point, line, and in-plane spaces is greater than the original Lorentz symmetry of point, line, and out-of-plane spaces. This is larger. The symmetry group is called a square symmetry group. Of course, this symmetry can be eliminated by changing the internal geometry of anti-de Sitter space, so that the equivalent field theory does not have rectangular symmetry. This can be called a new * shape * shape. If Madeshina space is regarded as "space outside a point", generally "space outside a point" or "space within a point" can also be regarded as a similar spherical space. Anti-de Sitter space, that is, "space within a point", is a special limit in field theory. The string theory calculations of classical gravity and quantum fluctuation effects in "space within a point" are very complicated, and the calculations can only be made under a limit. For example, the inflation rate of the cosmic mass orbit circle similar to the anti-de Sitter space above is 8.88 times the speed of light, which is determined under a limit. Under this type of limit, the "space within a point" transitions to a new space-time, or is called the pp wave background. The spectra of multiple states of cosmic strings can be accurately calculated, and reflected in the dual field theory, we can obtain the material family. Anomalous scaling exponent for some operators in mass spectrum calculations.
2. The trick is that strings are not composed of a finite number of spherical quantum micro-units. To obtain strings in the usual sense, we must take the limit of loop quantum string theory. Under this limit, the length does not tend to zero. Each string coupled into a loop quantum by line spin can be divided into micro units 10 to the power of -33 centimeters. , so that the number of micro-units does not tend to be infinite, so that the physical quantities corresponding to the string itself, such as energy and momentum, are limited. In the operator construction of field theory, if we want to obtain the string state in the pp wave background, we need to take exactly this limit. In this way, it is clear that the microunit model is a universal construct. Under the special background of pp waves, the corresponding field theory description is also an integrable system.
Hologram shooting requirements
In order to take a satisfactory hologram, the shooting system must meet the following requirements:
(1) The light source must be coherent Light source
From the previous analysis, we know that holography is based on the principle of light interference, so the light source must have good coherence. The emergence of laser provides an ideal light source for holography. This is because laser has good spatial coherence and temporal coherence. In the experiment, He-Ne laser was used, which can be used to shoot small diffuse objects, and good holograms can be obtained.
(2) The holographic photography system must be stable
Since interference fringes are recorded on the holographic film, and they are thin and dense interference fringes, it is extremely difficult to process during the photography process. Small interference will cause the interference fringes to be blurred, or even make the interference fringes impossible to record. For example, if the film is displaced by one micron during the shooting process, the stripes will be unclear. For this reason, the holographic experimental platform is required to be shockproof. All optics on the holographic table are securely attached to the worktop steel plate with magnetic material. In addition, air flow through the optical path, sound wave interference and temperature changes will cause changes in the density of the surrounding air. Therefore, during exposure, it is forbidden to make loud noises or move around at will, and ensure that the entire laboratory is absolutely quiet. Our experience is that after each group has adjusted the light path, students leave the experimental table, stabilize for one minute, and then expose the light at the same time to obtain better results.
(3) The object light and the reference light should meet the requirements.
The optical path difference between the object light and the reference light should be as small as possible. It is best if the optical path length of the two beams of light is equal, and it cannot exceed 2cm, use a thin string to measure when adjusting the light path; the angle between the two speed lights should be between 30° and 60°, preferably around 45°. Because the angle is small, the interference fringes will be thin, which will affect the system. The requirements for stability and photosensitive material resolution are low; the light intensity ratio of the two beams of light must be appropriate, generally between 1:1 and 1:10. The light intensity ratio is measured with a silicon photocell.
(4) Use high-resolution holographic films
Because holographic films record thin and dense interference fringes, high-resolution photosensitive materials are required. The photosensitive film used for ordinary photography can only record 50 to 100 stripes per millimeter due to the coarse grains of silver compounds. The type I holographic dry plate produced by Tianjin Photosensitive Film Factory has a resolution of up to 3,000 stripes per millimeter. Meet the requirements for holography.
(5) The development process of holograms
The development process is also very critical. We prepare the developer, fixer, fixer and bleach according to the formula requirements. The above-mentioned prescriptions all require the use of distilled water, but experiments have proven that they can also be prepared with pure tap water. The rinsing process should be carried out in a dark room, and the medicinal solution must not be exposed to light. It should be kept at room temperature of 20°C for rinsing. Once the medicinal solution is prepared and properly stored, it can be used for about a month.
Application of holography
In summary, holography is a video recording method that does not require ordinary optical imaging systems. It is a type of stereoscopic photography developed in the 1960s. and new techniques for wavefront reproduction. Since holography can record all the information emitted from the surface of the object (i.e., the amplitude and phase of the light wave) and can completely reproduce all the information of the light wave of the object, holographic technology has been widely used in production practice and scientific research. [2,3]. For example: holographic movies and holographic TVs, holographic storage, holographic displays and holographic anti-counterfeiting trademarks, etc.
In addition to optical holography, infrared, microwave and ultrasonic holography technologies have also been developed. These holographic technologies are of great significance in military reconnaissance and surveillance. We know that general radar can only detect the target orientation, distance, etc., while holography can give a three-dimensional image of the target, which is very useful for timely identification of aircraft, ships, etc. Therefore, it attracts people's attention. However, since visible light attenuates quickly when propagating in the atmosphere or water, it may even be impossible to work in adverse climates.
In order to overcome this difficulty, infrared, microwave and ultrasonic holography technology has been developed, which uses coherent infrared light, microwave and ultrasonic waves to take holographic photos, and then uses visible light to reproduce the object image. This holographic technology has the same principle as ordinary holographic technology. The key to technology is finding sensitive recording media and appropriate reproduction methods.
Ultrasonic holography can reproduce the three-dimensional pattern of objects lurking underwater, so it can be used for underwater reconnaissance and surveillance. As shown in Figure (3). Since objects that are opaque to visible light are often transparent to ultrasonic waves, ultrasonic holography can be used in underwater military operations, medical fluoroscopy, and industrial non-destructive testing.