Ideological and moral review materials for the second volume of the eighth grade of Lujiao Edition

Unit 5: Love the collective and integrate into society

1. The basic characteristics of the collective: members of the same collective have the same goals, support each other in action, are psychologically interdependent, and emotionally honor and disgrace, forming an indivisible whole.

2. The relationship between the individual and the collective is inseparable:

①The collective is the basis for individual survival and the place for personal growth. Individual life, study and work are inseparable from the collective;

②Individuals are the cells that make up a collective, and the development of the collective is inseparable from the efforts of each member.

3. How to understand "unity is strength"? (The role of collective unity)

① Collective unity can give each member encouragement and confidence, allowing individuals to fully develop their abilities; only by uniting can any group form a synergy and achieve the expected results Purpose;

② Collective unity can bring together the strengths of each member to form a powerful synergy. Relying on this power, we can complete tasks that individuals cannot complete and overcome difficulties that individuals cannot overcome.

③ Only when a group, no matter how big or small, is united can we have strength.

4. The relationship between personal interests and collective interests: How to deal with the relationship between collective interests and personal interests?

① In our country, collective interests and individual interests are fundamentally consistent. However, contradictions and conflicts may arise in some cases. We must closely integrate collective interests and personal interests. We must not only put collective interests first, but also respect and safeguard individual interests.

② Focus on collective interests and do not exclude personal interests.

③Collective interests are the basis and guarantee of individual interests, and collective interests are higher than individual interests. In collective life, when individual wishes and requirements conflict with collective interests, one must consciously obey collective interests and must adapt at the expense of personal interests.

④We oppose those thoughts and behaviors that harm collective interests in pursuit of personal interests or small group interests.

5. How to add luster to the collective?

To add glory to the collective is mainly manifested in consciously safeguarding the honor and interests of the collective. Safeguard collective honor and interests:

① First of all, you must have a strong sense of collective honor and responsibility;

② It should be reflected in your actual actions;

③Dare to actively defend collective honor and interests when they are harmed;

④Safeguarding national honor and interests is the highest expression of safeguarding collective interests.

6． Why protect the country's honor and interests? How to maintain it?

①National honor is a reflection of the dignity of the country and nation. National interests are the concentrated expression of the common interests of the people of the country, and national interests are above all else.

② Safeguarding the country’s honor is mainly manifested by care, love and loyalty to the motherland, and self-esteem and confidence in the nation. To safeguard national interests means to put the overall situation first under any circumstances, and to subordinate local interests to the overall interests. We must not lose national character and personality, lose national integrity, or do anything that is detrimental to the interests of the country and the nation in order to satisfy personal or partial selfish interests. matter.

7. The reasons for the rapid changes in social life are: ① The party and the country have formulated correct principles and policies; ② The hard work of the people across the country.

8． Why should teenagers participate in social life (reasons)? How should middle school students participate in social life? (How to do it?)

(Reason) Social development has put forward new requirements for personal quality. Only when we learn to learn, learn to survive, learn to communicate, and learn to be a human being can we learn the skills necessary for modern life, improve social adaptability, and promote all-round personal development.

(How to do it?) ①(Reason) ② Promote the all-round development of individuals by participating in various meaningful social activities. Participation in social life can take many forms, such as participating in social publicity, carrying out social survey activities within one's ability, visiting, etc.

③To participate in social life, one must correctly understand society and analyze problems dialectically;

④In the face of complex social life, one must correctly understand the herd mentality;

⑤In the face of complex social life, we must correctly understand the difficulties and adversities in life;

In short, on the one hand, we must follow the main theme of social life and advance with the times; on the other hand, we must resist external In the face of pressure and temptation, stick to your correct position and be a rational member of society.

9． How to understand herd mentality?

① Herd mentality has both positive and negative impacts on society and individuals.

② On the one hand, herd mentality can make people consciously accept the positive influence of the social environment, which is conducive to individuals developing good moral character and behavioral habits, and is conducive to social stability and the formation of good social atmosphere. On the other hand, blindly following the crowd can easily make people accept the negative influence of the social environment and encourage unhealthy tendencies in social life.

③Only by developing the habit of independent thinking and improving self-control can we overcome blind conformity and resist the negative influence in social life.

10. Why be humble?

Modility is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Humility is an indispensable moral norm for forming a harmonious social order and a civilized social atmosphere.

11. What are the manifestations of humility?

① Humility must first be humble and polite to others, and not be arrogant or domineering;

② Humility is prominently manifested in not striving for fame and fortune in the face of honor and interests, and being able to consciously Think of others, put others before yourself, and leave benefits and conveniences to others;

③ Humility is also reflected in the ability to properly handle contradictions and conflicts with others. As long as it is not a matter of principle, you may as well take the initiative to be humble. .

12 The meaning of sharing:

①P22 Sharing is to provide your valuable things to others, to own and enjoy them with others, and to regard "mine" as "ours" of". Share your joy with others, and you will experience more happiness; share your life insights with others, and you will gain trust and friendship; share your knowledge and experience with others, and you will have new improvements and Harvest. .

②Society is a cooperation system, and cooperation requires each other to share their experience, wisdom and labor results. In social life, we can only obtain the conditions for progress and success through sharing and communication.

13. How to help others? First of all, you must be sincere, and you must also pay attention to methods and methods: ① Use the power of others and society; ② Pay attention to your own safety; ③ Pay attention to maintaining the self-esteem of others.

14. How to develop prosocial behavior? (What can young people do to make social life better?)

(1) Learn to be humble, share and help others;

(2) Actively contribute to society, Shown in: ① Actively participate in social welfare activities; ② Care about social development and national affairs; ③ Serve and contribute to the society.

15 Middle school students can participate in social welfare activities by offering love to poor children, promoting environmental protection knowledge, and helping the elderly, weak, sick and disabled. Through these activities, we can further understand society and enhance our feelings of caring about society.

16. Middle school students care about social development and national events:

① Learn about domestic and foreign events through reading, reading newspapers, watching TV, and surfing the Internet.

② Care about the construction of the motherland and the great cause of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

③Care about practical problems in social life around you, and actively offer ideas and suggestions.

Unit 6 Living in Harmony with Nature

1. The beauty of nature: the mysterious universe makes nature infinitely charming; the wonderful biological world is colorful; the natural scenery is beautiful and picturesque.

2. The role of beautiful nature on our physical and mental growth: it brings us endless spiritual enjoyment, brings us joy, cultivates our sentiments, and enriches our spiritual life.

3． What issues should be paid attention to when appreciating natural scenery:

① Beautiful natural objects can be divided into two types, one is objects that have been directly transformed, processed and utilized by people; the other is nature that has not been directly transformed.

② Pay attention to the viewing distance, angle, and time, and use people’s imagination.

③Nature is closely related to our lives. If we understand the great power of human beings in transforming nature based on this, our understanding of the beauty of nature will be deeper.

4. Manifestations of disharmony between man and nature: ① Natural species are decreasing; ② Natural landscapes are being destroyed by humans; ③ Environmental conditions are not optimistic.

5. Decline of natural species

① Reasons: In addition to irresistible natural history and natural disaster factors, there are also human factors, especially the predatory development and utilization of wild animal and plant resources. ②Hazards: Destroying the ecological balance of nature will inevitably endanger human beings themselves.

6. Environmental problems

①Meaning: Environmental problems are environmental pollution and damage caused by human beings' unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources.

②Hazards: Threaten the ecological balance, endanger human health, and restrict the sustainable development of our country's economy and society.

7. How to care for nature? ① Respect life and protect biological diversity; ② Be kind to nature and be a friend of nature; ③ Beautify nature and let its beauty last forever. ④ Protect nature in accordance with the law.

9. The significance of protecting biological diversity: Protecting biological diversity means protecting the basis of human survival and social development, protecting the basis of human cultural diversity, and protecting human beings themselves.

10. Why should we treat nature well?

①Nature is the material basis for our survival and development, the cradle of life, and our common home. ②Be kind to nature, and nature will be kind to us.

11． How to treat nature well?

① Protect nature, do not destroy nature, and be a friend of nature; ② Take active measures to prevent and reduce damage to nature; ③ Make rational use of natural resources and protect the ecological environment.

12. Why beautify nature?

①Nature has brought us endless beauty, but with the deterioration of today's natural ecological environment, natural beauty becomes more and more precious.

② For our survival and for our life to be better, we must take action to beautify nature and make our home of human life full of beauty.

13. How to beautify nature?

① To beautify nature, we must care for every plant and tree around us and plant trees;

② To beautify nature, we must protect the natural landscape.

14. How to protect natural landscapes?

We must pay attention to environmental sanitation, do not write graffiti, and do not damage the environment; we must regulate our behavior in accordance with the law, dare to fight against behaviors that damage the natural landscape, and protect the natural landscape.

15． How to correctly handle the relationship between man and nature?

① We must abide by the moral norms between man and nature, respect life, be kind to nature, and beautify nature;

② We must abide by the legal norms between man and nature, and protect nature in accordance with the law.

16. How can teenagers protect the environment in accordance with the law?

① Enhance environmental awareness and establish environmental protection concepts. Actively learn environmental science knowledge, understand my country's environmental conditions, understand the severity of my country's environmental situation and the urgency of environmental protection, understand the importance of environmental protection, and establish the concept of "protecting the environment is glorious, destroying and polluting the environment is shameful".

②Learn and publicize the knowledge and laws and regulations of environmental protection, strictly abide by the laws and refrain from doing anything that pollutes or damages the environment.

③Start from yourself and actively contribute to protecting the environment. We must use legal means to oppose and stop behaviors that damage the environment and protect the environment in accordance with the law.

17. The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China is my country's basic law on environmental protection and occupies a core position in my country's environmental protection legal system.

my country's environmental protection legal system is based on the Constitution and takes the Environmental Protection Law as the main body.

18. Youth environmental protection actions:

(1) Consciously protect the environment and do not do things that pollute the environment: do not litter, do not carve graffiti, do not burn debris in the open, do not buy open-air barbecue food, do not Make loud noises, care for flowers, trees, newspapers or green vegetation;

(2) Actively participate in public welfare activities to protect the environment: participate in tree planting, do not use disposable chopsticks, and do good hygiene at home, school, and class Work etc.

Unit 7 In an era of rapid technological development

1. New changes brought to life by modern technology: Our current life is closely related to technology. Modern science and technology has greatly improved the technological content and quality of life of people, and has also gradually changed people's life concepts and lifestyles.

2. Why is technology a powerful driving force for social development?

①Science and technology are the primary productive forces. ②Science and technology are the hallmark of human civilization. ③The progress of science and technology has created huge material and spiritual wealth for mankind.

3. Why is science and technology the primary productive force?

① Every progress of human society is accompanied by the progress of science and technology.

② In particular, the rapid advancement of modern science and technology has opened up a broader space for the development of social productivity and the progress of human civilization, and has effectively promoted economic and social development.

③ Practice has proved that high-tech and its industries have become the locomotive of contemporary economic development.

4. ①The information technology revolution is the center of the contemporary scientific and technological revolution.

②Information technology includes: microelectronics technology, optoelectronics technology, computer technology, communication technology, imaging technology, display technology, etc.

③The current information technology is developing rapidly toward digitization, high speed, networking, integration and intelligence.

5. ① Life science and technology have become the mainstream of high-tech in the 21st century.

② Life science and technology can reveal the secrets of biological structure and genetics, and play a significant role in promoting the development of population and health, agricultural high-tech, ecological environment, food and chemical industries, etc., and therefore have broad prospects. development prospects.

7. Why should our country vigorously develop space technology?

① Space technology is one of the fastest-growing cutting-edge technologies in contemporary science and technology.

②The realization of mankind’s dream of entering space depends on the progress of space technology.

③The development of space technology has brought benefits and benefits that traditional methods cannot achieve for radio and television, long-distance communications, weather forecast, resource census, navigation and positioning, agricultural production, rescue and disaster relief, environmental monitoring and scientific research. effect.

④ Space technology is an important symbol of a country’s scientific and technological development level.

8. Why innovation? (How to understand that scientific and technological development depends on innovation?)

① Innovation is the source of strength and the foundation of development. ②Continuous innovation is the main theme of contemporary scientific and technological development; ③Innovation is related to the success or failure of a country and a nation.

9. The relationship between science and technology and innovation:

Innovation is the source of strength and the foundation of development. Every step forward in science and technology is the result of pursuing innovation. The essence of science is innovation, and scientific and technological development depends on innovation. Innovation promotes the development of science and technology and the continuous progress of human society.

10. What is the relationship between curiosity and innovation?

Curiosity is the starting point for scientific and technological inventions and the initial driving force for innovation. However, curiosity also needs to be grasped correctly, otherwise it will also have a negative impact on people's growth.

11. How does curiosity develop into innovation?

Only those who turn curiosity into interest and then develop it into interests, observe more, boldly imagine, and persevere can explore and win from curious phenomena, and finally make discoveries and creations, thus opening up the world. The door to success.

12． How should teenagers cultivate their innovative spirit?

① You must have strong curiosity and be able to grasp it correctly; ② You must be good at observing and knowing the smallest things, which is an important prerequisite for generating innovative thinking; ③ Imagination is the forerunner of innovation, you must develop your own imagination and develop The wings of your own imagination, (how to develop your own imagination?) First of all, you must "dare to think" and dare to "think wildly"; secondly, you must "be able to think"; finally, you must be "good at thinking". ④ Learn to think differently, Diversity-seeking thinking is the source of all innovations; (How to cultivate your own diversion-seeking thinking?) Learn to think independently, ask more why when you encounter problems, and dare to question the conclusions drawn by authorities. The core of differing-seeking thinking is. "Doubt". ⑤ Knowledge is the prerequisite for innovation; (Why is knowledge the prerequisite for innovation? Or what is the relationship between knowledge reserve and innovation?) Knowledge is the prerequisite for innovation, and there is no shortcut to innovation. When a certain amount of knowledge is accumulated, inspiration can burst out. The richer the knowledge, the stronger the foundation, and the more opportunities for innovation. We should start from now on, learn all aspects of scientific and cultural knowledge, and comprehensively improve our own quality. Innovation lays a solid foundation of knowledge. ⑥To improve one's innovation ability, one must also apply what he has learned and have the courage to practice it.

Unit 8: Living in a country governed by law

1. Is it the fundamental law of the country?

① The Constitution stipulates the most fundamental issues in national life; ② The Constitution has the highest legal validity; ③ The procedures for formulating and amending the Constitution are more stringent than other laws.

2. What fundamental issues in national life does the Constitution stipulate?

Our country’s national nature and fundamental tasks, national system, social system and other fundamental systems, basic national policies in domestic and foreign affairs, and basic citizens’ Rights and obligations, the organization and powers of national institutions, national symbols, etc.

3. The constitution has the highest legal effect:

① On the one hand, the constitution is the legislative basis for other laws. , other laws are the embodiment of the constitution.

②On the other hand, no law must conflict with the constitution, otherwise it will be invalid.

4. Why is the process of formulating and amending the constitution different from other laws? Is the law more stringent?

①The highest legal status and highest legal effect of the Constitution determines that the formulation and amendment procedures of the Constitution are stricter than other laws.

② Its purpose is to Maintain the dignity and supreme status of the Constitution, and ensure the authority and stability of the Constitution.

5. Why is the Constitution the highest code of conduct (expression)?

①The Constitution is the highest behavior of all state organs. ②The Constitution is the highest code of conduct for all groups and organizations. ③The Constitution is the highest code of conduct for all citizens. ①In our country, all power in the country belongs to the people. >②In our country, the People's Congress exercises legislative power, the government exercises management power, the courts independently exercise judicial power, and the procuratorate independently exercises procuratorial power.

7. According to the Constitution, all state organs and state agency staff exercise state power. The highest code of conduct is embodied in the following: First, state agencies and state agency staff must not do things prohibited by the Constitution; second, state agencies and state agency staff must not refuse to do things stipulated in the Constitution; third, state agencies and state agency staff must not refuse to do what is prohibited by the Constitution; State agency staff may not do anything not authorized by the Constitution.

8. Why should all levels of organizations and all party members of the Communist Party of China modelly abide by the Constitution and act in strict accordance with the Constitution?

The Constitution is the legalization of the basic principles and policies of the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China is the ruling party in a leading position. It led the people to formulate the constitution. It must abide by the constitution in an exemplary manner, safeguard the dignity of the constitution, and insist on "acting within the scope of the constitution and the law" in practice. If the Constitution, which embodies the people's will, is not respected by the Party, it will also weaken the people's trust and support for the Party.

9． How should teenagers enhance their concept of the Constitution?

① Study the Constitution seriously and understand its nature and basic content.

② Develop the habit of observing and safeguarding the Constitution in daily life.

For example: Seriously participate in ceremonies such as raising the national flag and singing the national anthem;

③ Promote the Constitution to the masses in various forms, fight against violations of the Constitution, and use practical actions to defend the dignity of the Constitution.

10. Why should citizens uphold the Constitution and how to uphold the Constitution?

①The dignity and authority of the Constitution are related to the destiny of the country, social stability and the fundamental interests of the people. Citizens who abide by the law must first abide by the constitution. Failure to abide by the constitution means that other laws cannot be truly implemented.

② Enhance the awareness of abiding by and safeguarding the Constitution, establish the concept of the Constitution, and vigorously publicize the important status and role of the Constitution in national life.

11． The meaning of governing the country according to law: Ruling the country according to law is the basic strategy for the party to lead the people in governing the country. Ruling the country according to law means that the broad masses of the people, under the leadership of the Party and in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws, manage state affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings, manage social affairs through various channels and forms, and ensure that all state work is carried out in accordance with the law. It requires state public officials to administer in accordance with the law and citizens to strictly abide by the law.

12. The significance of governing the country according to the law:

①Governing the country according to the law is a basic requirement for the further development of socialist democratic politics.

②Governing the country according to law is an objective need for the development of a socialist market economy.

③Ruling the country according to law is an important condition for building a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.

④Governing the country according to law is also an important guarantee for achieving long-term peace and stability in the country.

13. How to govern the country according to law?

① Strengthen the construction of the legal system and establish a legal concept.

② Improve legal supervision and restriction mechanisms.

14. The basic requirements for the construction of the socialist legal system: there are laws to abide by, laws must be followed, law enforcement must be strict, and violations must be investigated.

15. ① Having laws to follow requires the state to attach great importance to and strengthen legislative work and formulate complete laws so that people have rules and laws to follow in all aspects of social life.

Having laws to abide by is the prerequisite and prerequisite for establishing and improving the socialist legal system. (Importance)

② Abide by the law, which requires any organization and individual to strictly abide by the provisions of the law.

Abide by the law is the central link in improving the socialist legal system. (Importance)

③ Enforcement must be strict, which requires law enforcement agencies and law enforcement personnel to be strict, serious, and strict when enforcing the law, and to act in accordance with the content, principles, and procedures stipulated by the law.

Strict law enforcement is an important condition for improving the socialist legal system. (Importance)

④ Violations must be prosecuted, which requires that all illegal and criminal acts be held accountable and punished in accordance with the law.

Violators who break the law must be investigated and punished is an important guarantee for improving the socialist legal system. (Importance)

16. How can young people be qualified citizens who know, abide by, and protect the law? (How can young people contribute to governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law?)

Study the law seriously and actively do what the law advocates, We must do things that are stipulated by the law, and we must not do things that are not allowed by the law. We must gradually enhance our awareness of law-abiding, establish the concept of rule of law, and make due contributions to governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law.

17. ①The main contents of legal supervision include legislative supervision, law enforcement supervision and judicial supervision.

② The importance of legal supervision: Legal supervision is an important link in the construction of the entire socialist legal system and an important means to achieve governance according to law.

18. ①Legislative supervision

Legislative supervision is mainly the supervision of national, local and administrative legislative activities to prevent unconstitutional legislation, thereby ensuring the dignity of the constitution and the unity of the socialist legal system.

②Law enforcement supervision

Law enforcement supervision is a supervision carried out to ensure the implementation of various laws and regulations and to promote law enforcement agencies and law enforcement personnel to exercise their law enforcement powers in accordance with the law.

③Judicial supervision

Judicial supervision is the supervision of the legality of judicial activities.

The subjects of judicial supervision include: state power agencies, the Communist Party of China and various democratic parties, the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, various social groups and individual citizens, as well as the supervision of judicial agencies over their own systems .

The significance (function) of judicial supervision: The state achieves judicial justice through judicial supervision.

19. In our country, every citizen has the right to supervise in accordance with the law:

① Ways for citizens to exercise their right to criticize and make suggestions: Citizens can exercise their right to criticize and make suggestions through criticism and suggestions, news reports, letters and visits, etc.

②The importance of citizens exercising their right to criticize and make suggestions in accordance with the law: Citizens' exercise of their right to criticize and make suggestions in accordance with the law is conducive to strengthening the construction of clean government in state agencies, supervising state agency staff to strictly act in accordance with the law, and preventing violations of law and discipline; It is conducive to promoting the improvement of decision-making level and efficiency of state agencies.

③Young people must learn to exercise their right to criticize and make suggestions in accordance with the law