Enterprise English word abbreviation

Company name translation

1. Transliteration method

When some words in the company name are just linguistic symbols, which only represent the enterprise and have no real meaning, the transliteration method is generally used. In addition, if a literal translation of a word in the original text would be unnatural, or the company name would be too long, transliteration is also used in this case. For example:

Tate & Lyle (Great Britain)

Daimler-Benz (Germany)

Dow Jones (New York)

Goodyear Tire amp; Rubber (Akron, Ohio)

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Akron, Ohio)

Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotel

Volvo (Sweden) Volvo Car Company (Sweden)

Hillsdown Holdings (Great Britain)

Hillsdown Holdings (UK)

Fiat (Italy) Fiat (Italy)

Marriott Hotel Marriott International Hotel

Tianjin Liming Cosmetics Industry Company

Shanghai Jiayang Information Systems Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Kayang Information System CO., Ltd.

Hongjie Precision Plastic Mold (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Hongjie Precision Plastic Mold (Shanghai) Co., Ltd．

Shanghai Chunmao Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Chunmao Refrigeration Equipment CO?, Ltd.

2. Literal translation method

If the names of companies and enterprises are composed of country names, place names or common nouns, literal translation method can generally be used.

Anglo—Dutch Royal Shell Group

Anglo-Dutch Royal Shell Group

British Water Industries Group

British Water Industry Group

Bank of Montreal

American Express American Express

3. Free translation method

Free translation reflects the business characteristics of the enterprise.

For example:

British Steel (Great Britain) British Steel Company

American Tel & Tel (New York) American Telephone and Telegraph Company (New York)

Air Products amp; Chemicals (Allentown, Pa) Air Products and Chemicals (Allentown, Pa.)

North American Coal (Cleveland)

Sun Chemical (New York)

Sun Chemical Company (New York)

New York Times (New York)

Fairchild Industries (Gementown, MD)

Shanghai Pudong Naughty Pet Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Pudong Naughty Pets CO., Ltd.

Shanghai Maochang Electronics Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Flourishing Electronic CO., Ltd.

China Arts and Crafts Import and Export Corporation

China National Arts & Crafts Import & Export Corporation

Capital Iron and Steel Company

Shanghai No. 1 Medical Store Co., Ltd.

Shanghai No.1 Dispensary Co., Ltd.

Peony Beauty Salon

Shanghai Huamanlou Seafood Restaurant

Shanghai Flower Sea-Food Restaurant

4. Usage

For some foreign companies or enterprises, especially some old and well-known companies, the Chinese translation generally follows the conventional translation. Translation, although sometimes the translation is quite different from the original name.

The translated names of such companies have a long history and have become recognized as standard names. Therefore, the original translation should be followed during the translation process and should not be changed or re-translated, otherwise it will cause misunderstandings. For example:

Standard Oil Co. of N. Y. Mobil Oil Company

Oriental Banking Corporation

Imperial Chemical Industries Company)

First National City Bank Citibank of the United States

PricewaterhouseCoopers (UK) PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

J. P. Morgan Chase & Co., United States J.P Morgan Chase Bank

Hong Kong amp; Shanghai Banking Corporation HSBC

5. Homophony translation method

The homophony translation method refers to converting one of the original company names into Words are expressed in the target language according to their pronunciation, and the homophones in the translated language should have a certain meaning as much as possible. This meaning mainly serves the purpose of publicity.

Such as:

Xerox (Stamford, Conn)

Xerox Company (Stamford, Connecticut)

Zenith Electronics (Glenview, III)

Zeng Ni Zhi Electronics Co., Ltd. (Greenwood, Illinois)

Shanghai Xixixiyun Ramie Textile Co., Ltd.

Shanghai CC & Lucky Ramie Textile CO., Ltd.

Shanghai Caneasy Investment Consultant Ltd.

Can-Achieve Consultants Ltd.

Vita-Wheel Forklift (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Ruian Consulting Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Shui On Consulting CO., Ltd.

6. Adding word method

The original company name does not have a word that means "company", nor does it reflect the industry or products it operates. The word "company" and the word "company" are added during translation to reflect the company name. For words about the industry you are engaged in or the products you operate, this translation method is the word-added translation method. For example:

Bass (Great Britain)

Bass Beverage Company (UK)

Continental (Germany)

Continental Rubber Company (Germany)

Ericsson (Sweden)

Ericsson Electric Company (Sweden)

Hanson (Great Britain)

汉SON Mori Trust Company (UK)

Shanghai Dingsheng Investment Management Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Deep Space Income Management CO., Ltd.

China Automotive Industry Corporation

Shanghai Helicopter Company

Shanghai Helicopter Service Company

7. Direct quotation method

The abbreviations of some company names are difficult to translate, so the translation is often introduced directly.

For example:

FMC (Food Machinery Company)

FMC Company (USA)

DSM (Dutch State Mining Company)

DSM Company (Netherlands)

BTR (Great Britain)

BTR Company (UK)

A.O. Smith (Milwaukee)

A.O. Smith Corporation (Milwaukee)

AM International (Chicago)

AM International Corporation (Chicago)

Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation

HSBC

National City Bank Of New York

Citibank/Wanguobaotong Bank

Handcraft Shop

Lean Company

3. Translation of “company” name

1. Translation of English words that mean "company"

There are many words that mean "company" in English. When translating, especially when translating from Chinese to English, we must know the basic differences between these words. in order to choose the correct word translation. The following are common English words that mean "company":

(1) Company (Co)

company is a very common word that means "company". Company is British English, for example, the English in the United Kingdom (company law) is Company Law. A company generally refers to a company that has been registered and has legal personality, regardless of its size. For example:

Union International Co.

(Grain Processing) United International Co.

Generally speaking, a company is smaller than a corporation, but it is not entirely so. , such as the well-known large company Shell Oil Company uses company in its name.

company is relatively widely used. In our country, company is commonly used to translate the names of various companies (regardless of size). For example:

Zhuhai Heqing Development Co., Ltd.

The People's Insurance Company of China

Shanghai Zhongheng Computer Network Development Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Triman Network Development Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Jinjiang Shipping Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Sunjaon Trading Co., Ltd.

(2) Corporation(Corp.)

corporation is American English. For example, in the United States (corporate law) the English is Corporation Law. As mentioned above, a corporation is generally considered to be larger than a company. In American English, corporation mostly refers to a joint-stock company, such as: Unicom Micro Electronics Corp. In addition, some people believe that corporation in American English refers to a large company with independent legal personality.

But there are exceptions, such as Gulf Energy & Minerals Company.

Generally speaking, corporate companies in the United States are often named corporations or company incorporated. For example:

Chrysler Corporation

Chrysler Automobile Company

In the practice of international business English translation in my country, corporation is often used in the English names of larger companies. , For example, the English names of my country's major professional import and export corporations basically use the word "corporation". In addition, companies that think they are larger also like to call themselves corporations. For example:

China National Textile Import & Export Corporation

China National Metals and Minerals Import & Export Corporation

China International Trust & Investment Corporation

China First Automobile Manufacturing Plant Import and Export Company

The First Automobile Works Import & Export Corporation

(3)Incorporation

Incorporation generally refers to a joint-stock company. For example:

United Air Lines Incorporation

United Airlines

Incorporation is less commonly used than company and corporation.

(4) Firm

Firm means "company name" and "company". It generally refers to an enterprise jointly run by two or more people, and can also refer to any company. Business organizations and units engaged in commercial and economic activities.

For example: They are a trust worthy firm. They are a trustworthy business firm. Another example:

Consulting firm,

law firm.

Firm is generally not used in company names.

(5)Agency

Although agency can be translated as "company", agency refers to an organization engaged in agency business activities. "Companies" that are agency-like and similar to middlemen can use agency in their company name. For example:

Jingyu Translation Agency

China Ocean Shipping Agency

Trade Mark Agency Of CCPIT

Shenzhen Joans Advertising Agency

(6)Line(s)

Line can generally be used alone or as an affix in the names of companies such as ships and airlines.

For example:

Shanghai Air Lines Shanghai Airlines

Atlantic Container Line

Atlantic Container Shipping Company

Hawaiian Air Lines Hawaiian Airlines

Northwest Airline Northwest Airlines (USA)

Delta Air Lines Delta Airlines (USA)

Sometimes, airways is used to refer to airlines, for example:

British Airways British Airways

(7) Industries

Industries are often used in company names, usually meaning "industry" or "industry". For example:

Imperial Chemical Industries

Imperial Chemical Industries (UK)

Industries is equivalent to the meaning of "industrial companies" in our country. For example:

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan)

In our country, when translating "...industrial companies" into English, we usually use industries or Words such as industrial or industry. For example:

Hupool Industries

Hua Guang Light Industrial Corporation

Hua Guang light Industrial Corporation

(8)Products

products is sometimes used in company names and is translated into Chinese as "product company". Generally speaking, this kind of company is related to manufacturing and selling products. For example:

American Home Products

American Home Products Company

Avon Products Avon Products Company (USA)

Sonoco Products Sonoco Product Company (USA)

(9) Enterprise(s)

Enterprise(s) is sometimes used in company names to mean "enterprise" or "industry". For example:

Coca Cola EnterpriseCoca-Cola Enterprise Company

Winn Enterprise Victory Enterprise Company

Guangdong Foreign Trade Industry Company

Guangdong Foreign Trade Industry Enterprise Corporation

(10)Stores

store means "store" and is sometimes used in the name of a business unit, which is equivalent to our country's "department store" (usually in the plural form) . For example:

Wal-Mart Stores Wal-Mart Department Stores (USA)

American Stores American Department Stores

Federated Department Stores

Federal Department Stores, Inc. (USA)

(11) Service(s)

Service(s) is sometimes used in company names, mainly referring to service companies.

For example:

U. S. Postal Service

Japan Postal Service

Hartford Financial Services

Hartford German Financial Services Company (USA)

(12) System

system is used in company names to refer to "system companies". Such as:

Electronic Data Systems

Electronic Data Systems (USA)

Sun Microsystem Sun Microsystems

Pacificare Health Systems

Pacific Health Systems (USA)

(13)Group

group is used to refer to "group companies". For example:

Rorer Group Rorer Group (USA)

American International Group

Lloyds TSB Group

Lloyds TSB Group (Germany)

Santander Group Santander Group (Spain)

(14)Holding(s)

holdings is mainly used to refer to "holding company". For example:

HSBC Holdings HSBC Holdings plc (UK)

Lehman Brothers Holdings

Lehman Brothers Holdings (USA)

Nabisco Group Holdings

Nabisco Holdings (USA)

(15) Assurance, Insurance

"Insurance company" can be translated into insurance company, however, In countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, insurance companies often use only assurance or insurance in their names. For example:

New York Life Insurance

New York Life Insurance Company (USA)

Swiss Reinsurance Swiss Reinsurance

Standard Life Assurance

Standard Life Insurance Company (UK)

(16) Laboratories

Laboratories is sometimes used to refer to "pharmaceutical companies". Such as:

Abbott Laboratories.

Albert Pharmaceuticals (USA)

Tyco Laboratories

Tyco Pharmaceuticals

(17) Office

Office is sometimes used to mean "company", such as:

a fire office (fire insurance company),

a life office (life insurance company) ,

Frankfurt Tourist Office (Frankfurt Tourism Company)

If someone asks "Where are you going?" you answer "Go to the company." English is "I'm going to the "Office." In this case, office is usually used to mean "company" or "office".

The word "office" as "company" is generally rarely used in company names, but in our country it is often used in the names of business units to mean "branch" or "office".

For example:

Beijing Leewen Trading Company, Shanghai Office Beijing Leewen Trading Company Shanghai Office

China National Machinery and Equipment Import & Export Corporation, Guangdong Branch, Shenzhen Office

China National Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Corporation Guangdong Branch Shenzhen Office office is sometimes used in conjunction with branch, such as branch office (branch office)

(18) Proprietary

Proprietary and company are used together to mean "holding company". In the UK, it refers to an exclusive company whose shares are not sold to the public. In Australia and South Africa, proprietary company is sometimes used in company names to refer to private limited companies. Proprietary is often abbreviated as Pty when used in company names.

(19)Associate, Alliance, Union, United

Associate is often used as a noun as "associate" or "associated company" in plural form.

Associate is often used in the past participle form of the verb, which means "joint". Alliance, union means "alliance" or "alliance", and is sometimes used in company names. United is sometimes used in company names, meaning "joint company". For example:

Sanders Associates (Neshua, NH)

Sanders Associates (Nashua, NH, USA)

Royal & Sun Alliance

Royal & Sun Union (UK)

Norwich Union

Norwich Union (UK)

United Brands (New York)

United Trademark Company (New York, USA)

In addition, there are some other words used in company names to mean "United". For example:

Consolidated Papers United Paper Company (USA)

Allied Lyons United Breweries Company (UK)

Integrated Oil Company

China Agriculture Machinery Import & Export Joint Company

China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export Joint Company

(20) "Zero translation"

Zero translation means Do not use words such as company or corporation to translate the company's name.

a. In the United Kingdom and the United States, the word "company" is often used to express the industry in which it is engaged.

For example:

Dow Chemicals Dow Chemical Company (USA)

American Brands (New York)

American Brands Corporation (New York, USA)

Apple Computer Apple Computer Company (USA)

Digital Equipment Data Equipment Company (USA)

British Steel British Steel Company (UK)

Firestone Tire amp ; Rubber (Ohio)

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (Ohio, USA)

General Cinema General Cinema (USA)

21. There is no word that means "company"

There is no word that means "company", and there are no words that express the characteristics of the industry. For example:

Boeing (USA)

Unilever (UK/Dutch)

Abbey National (UK)

Time Warner Time Warner Corporation (USA)

(22)Concern

Concern as "company" often refers to a limited company and is generally not used in the name of the company.

(23)Complex

Complex usually refers to a comprehensive enterprise. For example: a petrochemical complex. Complex is rarely used in company names.

(24)Conglomerate

Conglomerate usually refers to a combined large enterprise group.

(25)Partnership

Partnership refers to a partnership company jointly operated by partners.

(26) Messrs, Son, Brothers

In the names of some foreign companies, the plural form of Mr. Messrs is sometimes placed in front of the boss’s surname to form the company name. Messrs don't need to be translated. In addition, some company names are composed of the names of one or two people, and the "amp;" does not need to be translated. Some company names are composed of a person's name plus Son or Brothers, and Son and Brothers are generally translated. For example:

Messrs T. Brown & CO. Brown Company

Messrs Edwards & CO., Ltd.

Edwards Ltd.

James Hill & Co. James Hill Company

Smith & Johnson Co.

Smith & Johnson Company

1. Translation of joint venture, sole proprietorship, and cooperative enterprise

(1) "Joint venture"

The translation of joint venture into English is joint venture (according to American English, it should be joint adventure). In international business, my country's "joint venture (company)" is actually the abbreviation of "Sino-foreign investment venture". According to the nature of a joint venture, the so-called joint venture is actually a "shareholding".

Joint venture refers to an enterprise that is jointly invested and operated by investors from two or more different countries. In other words, it is formed by investors joining together as partners for a period of time. of larger partnerships. The English word for "joint venture" is equity joint venture, or joint venture for short.

From a legal perspective, joint venture sometimes also means "short-term joint venture", which does not refer to a "joint venture" with a longer cooperation period formed by at least two companies in accordance with relevant laws. The English translation of "Sino-British joint venture" is: Sino-British joint venture.

In our country, the English word for "joint venture" is generally joint venture. To avoid confusion, we should say equity joint venture. However, when referring to "cooperative enterprise", it should be translated as Contractual joint venture.

"Sino-U.S. Cooperative Enterprise" is translated into English as: Sino-U. S. contractual joint venture

(2) "Sole proprietorship"

In the general sense, "sole proprietorship" is also an "individual enterprise", which is translated into English as proprietorship, which refers to the capital composed of A one-man business.

In international business English, "wholly-owned enterprise" refers to an enterprise wholly owned by foreign capital in my country. Therefore, it can be translated into English as all foreign-owned firm or wholly-foreign-owned enterprise.

2. The translation method of "head office"

The word "general" is commonly used in company names in the United Kingdom and the United States, but "general" does not mean "head office" in our country, and is generally translated as "general". For example:

General Motors General Motors Company (USA)

General Signal General Signal Company (USA)

Dam General General Data Company (USA)

General used in company names usually does not mean "general". However, in our country, especially since the reform and opening up, many companies use general to mean "headquarters" (company) in their company names. If the Chinese "head office" is translated into English such as general company, to native English speakers it does not mean "head office", but "ordinary", "general", etc. In other words, their reaction to general company is not consistent with that of native Chinese speakers. It is best not to translate "head office" into general company.

The word "national" in English can be used in the names of companies and institutions. means "total". Such as:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

United States Postal Service

United States Bureau Of Highways

United States Bureau of Highways

Generally speaking, to express the meaning of "general" in the translation of a company name, the following methods can be used:

(1) In our country, the term "China national" is used to indicate the country of each professional company. "head office".

For example:

China National Cereals, Oils, and Foodstuffs Import & Export Corporation

China National Nonferrous Metals Import & Export Corporation

China National Nonferrous Metals Import & Export Corporation; Export Company

China Nonferrous Metals Import and Export Corporation

(2) Occasionally use international

International Business Machines Corporation

International Business Machines Head Office

China International Book Trading Corporation

China International Trust amp; Investment Corporation China International Trust & Investment (General) Company

International Business Machines Corporation International Business Machines Corporation

(3) The word "head office" is omitted in translation. For example, "head office" is relative to "branch company". Due to the affiliation relationship, The word "general" does not need to be translated. For example:

Beijing Foreign Trade Corporation

Guangdong Foreign Trade Corporation

Bao Steel Group International Trade Corporation Baosteel Group International Trade Corporation

English head office (H.O.) and headquarters mean "head office", "headquarters", "head office" ( The meaning of "bank" and "head office", both words refer to the place where unit leaders, such as chairman, directors and other senior managers work. They are generally not used in company names. For example:

He was promoted and now works at head office.

He was promoted and currently works in the head office.

Holding company is sometimes understood as "head office". In fact, holding company refers to "holding company" and "equity company" (a company that only exists to own the shares of subsidiaries). The company owns more than half of the shares of the subsidiary. Compared with the subsidiaries it controls, the holding company is the "head office". holding(s) is often used in company names.

4. Translation of "branch"

The main words for "branch" in English are: branch, office, subsidiary, affiliated company, associated company, etc. These words mean different things.

(1) Branch

Branch refers to a branch business organization directly affiliated with a certain company (the so-called "head office"). The branch does not have the qualification of a legal person (1egal person), and the branch's economy, personnel, etc. are controlled and led by the "head office".

Branch is used in company names, often appearing together with the names of "head office" and "headquarters" to indicate affiliation.

Such as:

Bank Of China, Shenzhen Branch

Bank of China, Shenzhen Branch

Sungqiong Toy Co., Ltd, Pudong Branch

凇Jun Toys Co., Ltd., Pudong Branch

(2) Office

Office can be understood as "branch" or "office", which is a branch or branch sent by the "head office" business points. Such as:

Chongqing Maoyuan Trading Company, Shanghai Office

Chongqing Maoyuan Trading Company Shanghai Office

UMW Equipment Systems (Changshu) Co., Ltd?, Shanghai Office

(3)Subsidiary

subsidiary means "subsidiary", and more than half of its shares are controlled by another company (holding company). The subsidiary is macroscopically controlled by the holding company, but legally, the subsidiary is independent.

(4)Affiliate, Affiliated Company

Affiliate means that part or all of the company is owned by another company. The Chinese meaning of affiliate is "subsidiary company", "branch company", and "associated company".

(5) Associated Company

Associated company has 20% to 51% of the shares controlled by another company. Its Chinese meaning is "associate company" or "associate number".

5. Limited Liability Company (Limited Liability Company) and Joint Stock Limited Liability Company (Joint Stock Limited Liability Company)

4. Translation of factory name

The translation of factory name is generally based on the semantics of the original factory information (reflecting the factory's production information) translated into English. For example:

Shanghai No. 2 Electric Meter Factory

Shanghai NO. 2 Electrical Meter Factory

Xuzhou Sewing Machine Factory

Dongfeng Plastics Factory

1. Works

Works is generally used to refer to larger factories. For example: a steel works steel plant, a gasworks gas plant, a cement works cement plant.

2. Plant

Plant is also generally used to refer to larger factories, mostly in industries such as electric power or machinery manufacturing. For example: a power plant, a machinery plant.

3. Factory

Factory is a general word that can refer to various factories. For example: a glass factory, a processing factory, a radio factory, a hardware factory.

4． Mill

Mill usually refers to a light industry or handicraft factory.

For example:

a paper mill, a flour mill,

a cotton mill, a textile mill.

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