Monan Mongolian Ranch starts from Jilin and Heilongjiang in the east, reaches Helan Mountain in the west, faces the desert in the north and the Great Wall in the south. Monan Mongolia consists of Horqin, Harqin, Chahar, Tumd, Zhalute Banner, Aohan, Naiman, Zisi, Arukerqin, Onniute Banner, Haoqite, Su Nite, Erdos and Kaerkazuoyi. Among the three major Mongolian ministries, Monan Mongolia is geographically connected with Manchu ministries, and its language, characters and customs influence each other, so it was the first to form an alliance with Manchu nobles.
Marry and form an alliance with Horqin and Zalute.
Horqin has been nomadic in Nenjiang since the middle of Ming Dynasty. In the process of Nuerhachi's unification of Nuzhen ministries, the Ministry sent troops to help Yehe, Hada, Wula, Huifa and other ministries form the Nine-Route Allied Forces, which were enemies of Nuerhachi (twenty-one years of Wanli, 1593). After Nurhachi defeated the nine allied forces, Horqin Belle Ming 'an, Mungus and Weng Guodai "made good envoys, and naturally Mongolia never stopped sending envoys (twenty-two years of Wanli 1594)".
In April of the 40th year of Wanli (16 12), Horqin Belle Ming 'an sent her daughter to marry Nurhachi. In the 42nd year of Wanli (16 14), in June, Horqin Belle Mungus married his daughter to the son of Nurhachi, Huang Taiji. "Speller went to a wedding reception, met in Mount hultsch in Huifa, and got married."
In May (1623), the daughter of Horqin Belkongor married Nurhachi. Nuerhachi princesses "welcome guests five miles away"; In September of the same year, the daughter of Beregar Village in Horqin married Dourgen, the fourteenth son of Nurhachi. "Kill nine animals, set up four tables, Khan and Zhu Fujin (Manchu princess), and Zhu Baylor and the minister sat in the octagonal hall, giving a banquet."
In February, the tenth year of the post-Golden Destiny (1625), the daughter of Zhasang in Horqin Baylor (the granddaughter of Mungus) married Huang Taiji in Sibeiler.
In June of the 11th year of the mandate of heaven in the late Jin Dynasty (1626), Oba, son of Weng Guodai in Horqin Baylor, went to Shenyang to form an alliance with the late Jin Dynasty because of the threat of Chahar Department, and Nurhachi married his niece.
Zarut's department is stationed outside xifengkou. In April of the 42nd year of Wanli (16 14), the second son of Nuerhachi, a middle-aged faction of Bubaylor, was married in Batulubaylor, Gu Ying. In the Ministry, Qi Khan married Mang Gourtay, the fifth son of Nurhachi, with his sister; By the end of this year, Belle 800 of the Ministry will marry Nurhachi's tenth son Dege. In September of the eighth year of Destiny, the daughter of Zarut Belerusa married Wakda, the grandson of Nurhachi, and Wakda "went to visit Shifang Temple". In February of the fifth year of the mandate of heaven (1620), Zalut, the envoy of the late Jin Dynasty, made an alliance with Zhong Nen, "Punish the white horse and the black cow, swear to heaven", and vowed: "I am willing to form an alliance as soon as possible and collude with * * *", "Our two countries are enemies of Ming, and now we collude."
Sign Chahar.
Chahar is the most powerful of all ministries in the southern desert, spanning the north and south of the desert. In November of the tenth year of destiny, because "the soldiers of Chahar came to surround Horqin", Nurhachi ordered Mangutai, Huang Taiji, Abatai and others to "lead five thousand troops" and "go to Baylor to Nong 'an, and the soldiers of Chahar will attack Horqin and withdraw overnight".
At the beginning of Jin Tiancong's second year (1628), Chahar invaded Harqin and Erdos. At the request of Harqin and Erdos, Huang Taiji sent troops to help, and he was attached to Chahar's Dorotte Department in Aomulun. In September of the same year, Huang Taiji sent his troops again to crusade against Chahar. Aohan, Naiman, Zalut, Harqin and Horqin all sent troops to participate. Exhausted, Chahar fled to the west and retreated to the Xilamulun River (also known as the Yellow River) and the Laoha River.
In the fifth year of Tiancong (163 1), Chahar invaded Arukorqin. Huang taiji sent troops to help, and Li Dan Khan, the leader of the Ministry, was swept away. In April of the following year, Huang Taiji asked Mongolian ministries to conquer Chahar again, and Li Dan Khan led his troops to cross the Yellow River and fled to Qinghai Dacaotan. Seven or eight of the ten were lost, and his troops collapsed.
In the eighth year of Tiancong (1634), in May, Huang Taiji led an army to the west and collected tens of thousands of Chahar troops along the way. Li Dan Khan's uncle Mauchittat led his troops to the late Jin Dynasty. When Huang taiji arrived at the upper castle, he learned that Li Dan Khan had died of pox and only then withdrew. In April of the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Li Dan Khan's wife, Empress Tai Su, and her son Zhezhe surrendered, and Huang Taiji married his second daughter. The fall of Li Dan Khan and Chahar's submission marked the final completion of the alliance between Monan Mongolia and Manchu nobles.
Improve the legal system.
In the third year of Tiancong (1630), Huang Taiji sent officials to "award five departments, namely Horqin, Aohan, Naiman, Gurkha and Harqin, to examine the system of our dynasty". In the eighth year of Tiancong (1635), "it is forbidden to go abroad, and anyone who takes a woman as a match will be fined 50 camels", and "if I don't check and cure, I will also be fined 50 camels and 50 horses".
Set up Mongolian yamen.
In the process of forming an alliance with the ministries of Monan, the late Jin Dynasty set up a Mongolian yamen to "take charge of the affairs of Mongolian ministries", "take charge of foreign vassal decrees", "control its nobles", "set up its court" and "correct its punishment".
In the third year of Chongde (1638), the Qing court renamed the Mongolian yamen Lifanyuan. There are six divisions under the Li Fan Academy, including Wang Huisi, Rouyuan and Miracle, which are responsible for paying tribute and giving gifts. The Canon Department, Laiyuan Department and Punishment Department are in charge of Tibet affairs, in addition to conferring, forming alliances and inheriting lamas by Mongolian ministries.
Delineate pastures.
The struggle for pasture was the reason for the long-term scuffle among Mongolian nobles, so the Qing court designated pasture for various ministries in southern Mongolia. In the eighth year of Tiancong (1635), it was clearly stipulated that "sending ministers to Shuowen Keer to determine the boundaries of Mongolian pastures" and "those who cross the established boundaries are guilty of infringement; Reciprocating in the grazing, the order will move together. "
Make up a cow record and set up a flag to form an alliance.
In the first year of Chongde (1636), Fu and Mongolian yamen, college students of Hong Wen Institute in Huang Taiji School, "registered their accounts in Chahar, Gurkha and Horqin, and compiled cattle records", and the ministries in Monan were divided into six leagues, twenty-four departments and forty-nine flags. Every flag has a Zazak (the flag length). By the Qing court from the Mongolian prince sent Jane, Zaza hereditary succession. Under its banner, Zhang Jing, Shen Ling and Zuo Ling were appointed to assist Zazak in handling affairs within the banner. An alliance is set up on the flag, and the leader of the alliance is simply appointed by the Mongolian government. The leader of the alliance has the right to supervise the flag Zazak, but has no right to interfere in flag affairs and issue orders.
In addition to the six leagues, the twenty-four departments and the forty-nine banners, there are also the Mongolian Eight Banners and Tumote Left and Right Banners appointed by the Qing court, which are directly under the Mongolian yamen. "Officials are not allowed to inherit or specialize in their own affairs, which is different from the people of Zazak."
Adjust various parts of Mongolia to follow the signs.
The Manchu-Mongolian alliance supplemented the shortage of the late Jin troops. Horqin Belle Ming 'an and his sons Ang Hong, Duo Ji, Ji, etc. "Eleven years of destiny, from cutting Bahrain and Zalute, Tiancong from cutting Ming in five years and attacking Daling River", "six years of cutting Chahar"; In the second year of Tiancong, Oba surrendered from Chahar. "Three years, have from the Ming dynasty, Zunhua mansion around Beijing; Surround the Daling River for five years and drop to Zu Dashou; Six years from slightly Datong and Fu Xuan; Eight years after the levy. " In the first year of Shunzhi's entry, "Aohan Minister Bundhit, Bahrain Minister Sebuteng, Arukerqin Minister Zhang Mu, Tumut Left-wing Minister Shamba, Naiman Minister Shandan, Zalut Minister Zhewei and the fourth tribe Dolby, Zalante, Dolbert, Guoerluosi and Horqin all followed".
Take Mongolia as the Great Wall.
The north of China has always been the haunt and gathering place of nomadic tribes. Since the Warring States Period, the rulers of the Central Plains in past dynasties blocked nomadic tribes from going south by building and repairing the Great Wall. After entering the Central Plains, some nomadic tribes also built the Great Wall to prevent other nomadic tribes from committing crimes. Manchu aristocrats blocked the fighters of Mobei ministries by forming alliances with the ministries of Mobei, and the eastward offensive of Junggar ministries was curbed by forming alliances with the ministries of Mobei during the Kangxi period. The defense in northern Mongolia is "stronger" than the Great Wall of civil architecture.
In the process of alliance with Mongolian ministries, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty always insisted on kindness and kindness, saying, "Give them food when they are hungry, clothe them when they are cold, and give them food when they come"; "Rebellion is necessary, escape is necessary, and depravity is abandoned"; "Honesty", "in order to convince his heart"; "It is not easy to cultivate its customs, and it is not easy to adapt to its politics."