International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) has its own website:/. Headquartered in Armonk, new york, the company was established in the United States 19 1 1. It is the largest information technology and business solution company in the world, with more than 300,000 employees worldwide, and its business covers 160 countries and regions. In 2006, IBM's global revenue reached $965,438+$400 million. When the company was founded, its main business was commercial typewriters, and then it switched to word processors, and then computers and related services.
For more than 90 years, with the continuous development of the world economy and the rapid development of modern science, IBM has always led the development of the global information industry with advanced technology, excellent management and unique products, ensuring the all-round demand of users in almost all industries around the world for information processing. As we all know, as early as 1969, the Apollo spacecraft carried three astronauts, shouldering the mission of mankind and landing on the moon for the first time; 198 1 year, the space shuttle Columbia successfully flew into space again. These two historic space flights condensed IBM's unparalleled wisdom.
Edit the introduction of this paragraph.
IBM was founded by thomas watson Sr. Later, under the leadership of his son Thomas Jr., the company began the computer age.
The current CEO of IBM is, transliterated in, and his Chinese name is Peng.
The current chairman of IBM China, namely IBM (International Business Machines Co., Ltd.) Greater China is Zhou, and Qian Daqun became CEO in early 2007.
As a long-term leader in the computer industry, IBM has made the most remarkable achievements in mainframes/minicomputers and ThinkPad. The personal computer (PC) standard it founded is still in use and development.
In addition, IBM also leads the industry in mainframes, supercomputers (mainly representing deep blue and blue genes), UNIX and servers.
In terms of software, IBM Software Group has integrated five major software brands, including Lotus, WebSphere, DB2, Rational and Tivoli, all of which are leaders or strong competitors in the software industry in their respective aspects. After 99 years, the overall scale of Microsoft surpassed that of IBM software department. Up to now, IBM software department is also the second largest software entity in the world.
IBM has also made great achievements in materials, chemistry, physics and other scientific fields. Hard disk technology was invented by IBM, and scanning tunneling microscope (STM), copper wire technology and atomic etching technology were also invented by IBM Research Institute.
IBM still holds the position with the most patents in the world. Since 1993, IBM has been ranked first in national patent registration for 13 years. By 2002, IBM's R&D personnel had obtained a total of 22,358 patents, which was unprecedented, far exceeding the total number of patents obtained by 1 1 enterprises in the IT industry in the United States. These IT giants of 1 1 include: HP, Intel, Sun, Microsoft, Dell, etc. In 2005, IBM proposed 2946544.
In 2003, IBM's total revenue was $8.9/kloc-0.0 billion, and it had 230,000 employees worldwide.
In 2004, IBM's total revenue was $96.5 billion, and its global employees were 365,438+00,000.
In 2005, IBM's total revenue was $965,438 +0 1 billion (after the PC division was sold to Lenovo).
Annual operating results in 2006
-The total revenue was $901400 million, excluding the divested PC business, increasing by 4%;
-The income from continuing operations was US$ 9.4 billion, up by 65,438+08% year-on-year, excluding the 9% increase of non-recurring items in 2005;
-Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations was USD 6.06, up 23% year-on-year, excluding the increase of 65,438+04% in non-recurring items in 2005;
-The net cash generated from operating activities was $6,543.8+$05.3 billion, excluding an increase of $2.2 billion in accounts receivable from the Global Financing Division.
IBM China includes:
IBM China Development Center and IBM China Software Development Center CSDL /cdl/
IBM China Research Institute (formerly IBM China Research Center) CRL:/IBM/CRL
IBM China Website
In 2004, we cooperated with Hong Kong Cultural Communication Group to promote China CPU cash register.
The IBM software part consists of five parts.
DB2、Webshpere、Tivoli、Rational、Lotus
Edit this paragraph dynamics
On May 1 2005, Lenovo Group Co., Ltd. and IBM announced that Lenovo had completed the acquisition of IBM's global personal computer business, which marked the birth of the third largest personal computer enterprise in the world. Lenovo Group owns ThinkPad and ThinkCenter trademarks and can use the IBM brand within five years.
At the same time, IBM is also a respected company in the world. One of the reasons why people are respected is that they can lead the industrial revolution many times in the historical process of nearly a hundred years, especially in the IT industry, formulate a number of standards and strive to help customers succeed. In addition, the company has been in the forefront of the world's top 500. More importantly, it is respected because IBM has always adhered to the "Watson philosophy" in the history of nearly a hundred years:
19 14 When IBM was founded, thomas watson Sr. formulated a code of conduct for the company. These rules have always been in everyone's mind in the company. Any action and policy are directly influenced by these three codes. Watson's ideas have contributed more to the company's success than technological innovation, marketing skills or huge financial resources. Mainly includes:
1, individuals must be respected.
We must give our customers the best service possible.
3. Excellent work performance must be pursued.
For example, from the website of IBM China Company, you can find the following words: "IBM China Company adheres to the core values of' achieving customers, innovation is the most important, honesty and responsibility' and leads China customers to the road of on-demand transformation." The content in quotation marks is the expression of Watson's philosophy on customer attitude.
Edit this paragraph history
one's early years
The history of IBM can be traced back to decades before the development of electronic computers. Before the development of electronic computer, it was a punched card data processing device. IBM was registered as CTR Company in endicott, new york, a few miles west of Binghamton on June1915.
Three independent companies merged to form CTR Company, namely: List Machine Company (1896 was established in Washington), Calculation Table Company (190 1 was established in Dayton, Ohio) and International Times Records Company (1900 was established in endicott, new york). At that time, the president and founder of the list machine company was HermanHollerith. The key figure behind the merger is financier CharlesFlint, who called the founders of the three companies to propose the merger and worked in CRT until 1930 retired.
Thomas. J. Watson is the founder of IBM. 19 14 years as general manager of CTR, 19 15 years as president. In 2007, CTR entered the Canadian market in the name of International Business Machines Co., Ltd., and in February 2008, CTR entered the Canadian market.
The company incorporated CTR to manufacture various products, including employee timing systems, scales, automatic meat cutters, and most importantly, to develop computers and punching equipment. For a while, CTR concentrated on punching in and stopped taking part in other activities.
World War II, the Holocaust era.
In 200 1 year, the writer Edwin Black published "IBM and the Holocaust" (ISBN0609808990), in which he claimed to explain how IBM's new york headquarters and CEO Thomas J. Watson provided punching machines to the Third Reich through overseas subsidiaries. They knew that machines could help the Nazis implement the "final solution". According to the book, with the cooperation of new york, the Geneva office of IBM, De Homagk and German subsidiaries actively participated in supporting Nazi atrocities. Blake also said that these machines made the Nazis more efficient. In 2003, the company's documentary also discussed this issue.
IBM rejected these allegations, and lawsuits based on these allegations were also rejected.
During World War II, IBM produced M 1 carbine and Browning automatic rifle. Allied forces widely use IBM equipment for military calculation, logistics and other military supplies. When Manhattan planned to develop an atomic bomb head, IBM punch cards were widely used in Los Alamos for calculation. Richard feynman described this point in his best-selling book "Are you kidding, Mr. Feynman?". During the war, IBM also built Harvard Mark I for the Navy, which was the first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States.
Air force and aviation engineering
In 1950s, IBM became the main contractor for computer development of automatic defense system of US Air Force. Only when IBM began to copy the anti-aircraft gun system did it come into contact with the key research conducted by MIT; This work is about the first generation of real-time and digital computers (including many other advanced computers such as integrated video display, core experience inheritance, light gun, the first effective algebraic computer language, analog-digital and digital-analog conversion technology, digital data transmission telephone line, duplex, multiprocessor and network). IBM has manufactured 56 intelligent computers at the price of 10000 yuan each, and invested more than 7000 employees (accounting for 20% of the total employees) in the peak project. IBM neglected to strive for more dominant emerging industries, which led Rand to take over the design of new computers, because according to a project participant (RobertPCrago), "We can't imagine that the work in this field will disappear in the future. Where can we attract 2,000 programmers to do this work at IBM?" . IBM will use its huge design experience to combine real-time network design with the start-up of Wise Airlines booking system, and achieve great success.
60 to 80 years old
In 1960s, IBM was the largest of the eight computer companies (Univac, City Life, Scientific Data System, Control Data Company, General Electric Company, American Radio Company and Honeywell). People will say "IBM and Seven Stars" when talking about it. Because other companies or their computer departments are very small, only Urban Life, UNIVAC, NCR and Honeywell produce mainframes, and then some people say that "IBM and B.U.N.C.H" Now most of IBM's competitors have long since disappeared, except Unisys. This is because many mergers, including Univac and Urban Life, NCR and Honeywell, abandoned general mainframes and small departments and focused on profitable product markets. NCR is a cash register (hence the name National Cash Register) and Honeywell has become a market-oriented thermostat. General electric company is still the largest company in the world. But it doesn't work in the computer market. At that time, IBM computer series won the market position, and it is still growing. Originally called IBM System/360, it is a more modern 64-bit form, and now it is called IBM resident system (usually called "IBM host").
In the mid-1960s, IBM's success led the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate IBM's antitrust violations, and on June1969+1October 17, the lawsuit filed by American IBM was submitted to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of new york. According to the lawsuit, IBM violated Article 2 of the Sherman Act, monopolizing or trying to monopolize the general digital electronic computer system market, especially the commercially designed computers. The lawsuit lasted until 1983, which had a great impact on the company's practice.