Mid-autumn, leisure. Walked into the Liaoning Provincial Museum.

Liaoning Provincial Museum is located in Wisdom Third Street, a new urban area on the south bank of Hunhe River in Shenyang, northeast of the central square. It is a comprehensive museum.

His predecessor was the Northeast Museum, which opened on July 7, 1949. It was the first museum established in New China. The museum is famous at home and abroad for its rich collection and distinctive features.

the total collection of cultural relics is 112, pieces. Among them, Cao E's eulogy, Tang Dynasty's imitation of Wang Xizhi-Men Shuhan, Zhang Xu's four ancient poems in cursive script, the picture of a beautiful woman in flowers, You Chuntu, the wife of Guo Guo, a thousand words in cursive script written by Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty, Heruitu and other fine calligraphy and painting works in Jin, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Silk embroidery in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, jade articles in Hongshan Culture, bronzes hoarded in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, ceramics in Liao Dynasty, epitaphs in previous dynasties, prints in Ming and Qing Dynasties, ancient maps, bronze mirrors and money in previous dynasties are the most influential.

the museum covers an area of 83,2 square meters, with a building area of about 1, square meters. It is divided into five functional areas: cultural relics exhibition, protection, storage, audience service and integration.

the exhibition area covers an area of about 42, square meters, with ***22 exhibition halls distributed in three floors. Among them:

The exhibition hall on the first floor is mainly arranged for temporary exhibitions, and the existing three exhibition halls are ancient epitaphs, Ming and Qing jade articles and Ming and Qing porcelain.

on the second floor of the exhibition hall, there are 6 exhibition halls, where currency, Liao porcelain, Buddhist statues, seals, bronze mirrors and Manchu customs are on display.

There are five exhibition halls on the third floor of the exhibition hall. There is an exhibition of "Ancient Liaoning" in the permanent hall, as well as exhibitions of calligraphy, painting and calligraphy and silk in the collection.

There are six bronze reliefs with the theme of Liaoning history and culture on the front and both sides of the entrance door on the first floor. It shows the long history and splendid civilization of the Liaohe River Basin, adding cultural connotation to the construction of the museum.

Starting from the main relief "Dawn of Civilization", it is followed by "Northern Turkey", "Expanding the Territory", "Unification of China", "Developing Liaodong", "Confucianism spreading to the North", "Yingzhou in Sui and Tang Dynasties", "Qidan Rising", "The Rise of Manchu" and "Overture to the National Anthem". The display of these reliefs shows the history and culture of the Liaohe River Basin with its unique artistic image.

Liaoning Museum is an open exhibition hall with free admission. We entered the museum from the first floor, and the service staff at the door can go in after security check.

the first thing you see when you enter the door is the huge copper relief on the front wall, which is very eye-catching. On the first floor of the exhibition hall, I glanced at the topic at the entrance of the exhibition hall and went to the second floor, focusing on the bronze mirror exhibition hall.

This exhibition hall mainly displays bronze mirrors from the Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. I saw the preface on the front page of the door saying:

The jade box chats and opens the mirror, and the light ash temporarily wipes the dust.

light, like a piece of water, shines on people on both sides.

there is no laurel when the moon is born, but flowers don't bloom in spring.

try hanging Huainan bamboo, and you can see your neighbors.

This is a picture with an ancient bronze mirror as the background, introducing the historical process of the origin and disappearance of the bronze mirror. It is said that human beings did not have mirrors in ancient times, but the ancients also had the concept of beauty and attached great importance to their appearance and behavior. They were the first to look at the water, to cast a mirror to hold water, and to see the bronze mirror in Qijia culture. For more than 4, years, bronze mirrors have been an indispensable tool for people. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, glass was introduced into China from western countries, which ended the history of bronze mirrors.

The bronze mirrors we see today are just exquisite ornamentation behind the bronze mirrors, telling the history of different eras and people's lives at that time, and conveying the information of that era.

(1) Warring States mirror

The production of bronze mirrors reached its first peak in the Warring States period, and the decorative patterns changed from simple plain or geometric patterns to various styles such as flat, Yun Leiwen and mountain patterns. At the same time, the application of through-carving, casting, misplacing gold and silver, embedding gold and jade in bronze mirrors is also a symbol of this period (figure omitted).

(2) Mirror of the Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty was the second peak in the history of bronze mirror development, which inherited the mirror of the Warring States and spread to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The ornamentation has reached an unprecedented richness. There are nebula patterns, blog patterns, grass patterns, inscriptions on auspicious words, portraits of horses and chariots, four gods and so on. The casting process is becoming more and more exquisite, and the reasonable allocation of copper and tin makes the mirror emit bright white light, which has become another wonderful process after the decline of bronze casting industry (pictured).

(3) Mirror of Sui and Tang Dynasties

the tang dynasty bronze mirror not only broke through the round bronze mirror, but also appeared rhombic, sunflower, square and sub-shaped mirrors, and the ornamentation also broke through the rigidity and patterning of the Han mirror. The layout is flexible and diverse, the theme is rich and colorful, and it is exotic and humanistic. Flower-and-bird mirror, Rui-beast grape mirror and character story mirror all reflect the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and highlight a prosperous atmosphere. In terms of technology, there are gold and silver mirror, spiral mirror, gold and silver mirror, etc., which have become another unsurpassed peak of bronze mirror casting in the later world (pictured).

(4) Mirror in the Song Dynasty

During the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty), on the basis of inheriting the traditional bronze mirror, many new mirror shapes, such as bell, shield, tripod and peach, were innovated, which were incomparable in any dynasty. The decorative patterns of bronze mirrors in the Song Dynasty mainly include flowers, flowers and birds, dragon patterns, character stories, gossip, auspicious words and trademark names. Among them, the twining flowers and plants, the double phoenix and the double phoenix mirror have the characteristics of the times. The flower-and-bird mirror in the Northern Song Dynasty and the trademark mirror in the Southern Song Dynasty have the most characteristics of the Song Dynasty (pictured).

(5) Liao mirror

Liao (Daliao and Qidan people) mirror inherited the legacy of Han and Tang dynasties, and absorbed the style of mirror, which has its own uniqueness. For example, a typical turtle-back tattoo mirror adopts Fiona Fang combination, and layers of patterns are divided to form a unique four-in-one pattern. The dragon mirror brings the artistic expression of climax with its vigorous and sharp fine line carving technique, and the chrysanthemum mirror absorbs the delicacy and softness of the tangled flowers and plants in the Song Dynasty (pictured).

(6) Golden Mirror

The theme ornamentation of the Jin Dynasty (Jurchen) bronze mirror is very rich, which not only reflects the popular pattern style in the Central Plains, but also reflects the traditional content of the nation, and the expression technique also reflects the characteristics of the nation. For example, the Pisces mirror in the Jin Dynasty uses relief to embody the decorative pattern, giving people a heavy feeling. The lines of Pisces, Ssangyong, Flower Branches or figures, rocks and trees depicted in the golden mirror are rough and bold (the picture is omitted).

(7) bronze mirrors in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The bronze mirror technology in the Yuan Dynasty has tended to decline, and the patterns of the Song and Jin Dynasties are still used. But the decorative pattern is also rough and crude, but there are various types of Sanskrit spell mirrors, which is a major feature of the Yuan Dynasty. The bronze mirrors of the Ming Dynasty were generally round and heavy. Generally, it is round, with cylindrical buttons, round buttons and silver ingot buttons. Remember many new year's mirrors, old saying mirrors and bronze mirrors with workshop names. The decorative patterns are dragons, phoenixes, flowers and plants, and some are babel patterns. By the Qing dynasty, bronze mirrors had declined, but there were also many fine works in the court (pictured).

Because of the time, I spent nearly two hours in one morning. It's a pity that I only looked at this exhibition hall carefully!

Shencheng on August 31, 219