project cost management emphasizes the management of the whole construction process, which not only refers to budget preparation and investment management, but also refers to the project cost prediction from the planning, project proposal and feasibility study stage (i.e. investment decision-making stage) of the construction project, which runs through the cost pre-control, economic demonstration, project cost prediction, project bidding and contract price determination, capital operation during the construction period (i.e. construction stage) and the actual project completion stage.
1. The present situation of water conservancy project cost management in China
Lack of whole-process and dynamic project cost management. Under the current economic system and market environment in China, the regulatory role of the market has exerted an increasing influence on water conservancy project cost management. The functions of domestic water conservancy project cost management departments should change in time with the development of the situation, that is, from static management to dynamic management, from micro-control to macro-control, and truly implement the project management principle of "unified leadership, division of labor and cooperation, centralized management and respective duties", so that the cost management of water conservancy projects can truly realize dynamic control in the whole process. However, at present? It is difficult to find a department that can really be responsible for the determination and control of the whole process of a project without dynamic cost management of the whole process of water conservancy project construction, and the determination and control of the cost of each stage and link of the project construction are out of line. Both government announcements and market information generally lag behind the application period. Such as the release of new materials and price information.
government management department? The dynamic cost management of the whole process of engineering construction has led to the disconnection between cost determination and control in all stages and links of engineering construction. Moreover, the current quota and charging standard of water conservancy and hydropower projects are formulated by specialized institutions, and the renewal period is relatively long. However, the construction methods and means of water conservancy projects under the market economy are constantly developing, resulting in a serious disconnect between this standard and reality. There are also many construction enterprises that return their expenses to their actual level during the construction period, adjust the balance in the plate of cost income, and prepare the internal budget unit price to control the cost. The result of this behavior is often that many expenses are difficult to balance and confused, resulting in out-of-control cost management of construction projects.
2. Strengthening the cost management of water conservancy project
1. Project decision-making stage
The investment decision-making stage of water conservancy project is an important stage of project investment control. According to the functional requirements and use requirements of the proposed project, this paper discusses the necessity of project construction, the feasibility of conditions and the possibility of profit, makes a comprehensive evaluation from both technical and economic aspects, and determines the high-quality investment estimate on the basis of the optimized scheme, which is to pre-control the total investment of the project in each stage of project construction.
2. In the design stage,
Optimal design and economic design are adopted for the control and management of the project cost, so as to reduce the project cost. The following measures can be taken specifically:
Review the design budget. See if it is within the approved investment estimate. If it is found to be over-estimated, we should find out the reasons, modify the design, adjust the budget estimate, and strive to be scientific, economical and reasonable.
Conduct design bidding and introduce competition mechanism. Through bidding for various schemes, the best design scheme with safe, practical, beautiful, economical and reasonable building structure and layout is selected.
quota design is implemented, which is an effective control method in the design process. In the preliminary design stage, all professional designers should master the design principles, various economic indicators and comparison of schemes of the design task book, and strictly control the preliminary design cost within the limit.
3. Bidding and tendering stage
The design institute of China Water Conservancy Commission should systematically analyze and study the characteristics of water conservancy projects, construction site conditions, its own management ability, design connection, contractor's ability and other factors, and prepare a detailed planning report for water conservancy projects. For example, the Design Institute of the Water Conservancy Commission once put forward one bid, two bids and three bid schemes for a water conservancy project, and each scheme focused on the relationship between resource allocation, construction period and cost. After expert evaluation, the three bid schemes were adopted. The bidding documents of the water control project are based on the bidding scheme, the local investigation report and the owner's management outline. The bidding documents are prepared in strict accordance with the requirements and format of the World Bank's bidding and procurement guidelines, and the contents required by the World Bank, such as the validity of bidding and bid bond, contract terms, accuracy of bidding documents, standards, use of trademarks, payment currency, payment terms and methods, price adjustment terms, advance payment, performance bond, transportation and insurance, loss and reward terms, force majeure and dispute settlement, are all specified in detail and clearly. From the practice of water conservancy projects, a good bidding document means that the future project management contract management has been half successful, and the preparation of bidding documents is an extremely important work in international project bidding.
4. Construction stage
Construction stage project cost management is one of the most important stages in the whole water conservancy project cost management process. In the construction stage, it is necessary to divide the cost of water conservancy projects and optimize the allocation of project resources. The allocation of project resources is directly related to the method and degree of cost control. For many large state-owned construction enterprises at present, the cost of water conservancy projects is basically composed of subcontracting cost and construction team cost, and the main source of economic benefits for enterprises is to control subcontracting cost. The composition ratio of the two and how to divide the project cost are the key points of enterprise cost control.
5. Settlement stage
The final accounts of water conservancy construction enterprises also have an important impact on the implementation of project cost. Construction enterprises should strictly audit the expenses beyond the contract budget through the audit work of auditors to ensure the economic interests of enterprises. At the same time, the construction enterprise should re-calculate the data such as engineering quantity after the project is completed, and make a reasonable analysis and explanation of the difference between the actual construction engineering quantity and the budgeted engineering quantity. The differences between the bill of quantities and the actual quantities are accounted and changed through the change procedures to ensure the economic interests of both parties. Through the scientific development of completion settlement and other related work, accurate data can be provided for the effective implementation of project cost. In this process, the problems existing in the implementation of project cost are summarized, which lays the foundation for enterprises to improve the management system of project cost and the key points of implementation process, and promotes the scientific development of enterprise project cost.
Summary
In the construction of water conservancy projects, doing well in project cost management is an important guarantee for the healthy development of capital construction, and it is also important for rational allocation of resources, adjustment of industrial structure, maintenance of market order and standardization of market behavior. Therefore, the cost management of water conservancy projects plays a very important role. To effectively control the cost of water conservancy projects, measures must be taken from the aspects of organization, technology, economy and contract.
Water conservancy project cost management is a systematic project, involving many factors, so it is necessary to apply professional and technical means, through scientific and reasonable monitoring, and audit the project cost of construction projects at various stages, and act in accordance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts, so as to maximize the investment benefit of construction funds for construction orders λ.
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