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The origin and development of rice wine

Yellow wine has a very long history.

Some say that Dukang made wine;

Some say that Yidi made wine;

Others say that wine

There are wine stars in the sky, and wine springs on the ground...

Jiang Tong of the Jin Dynasty said in "Jiu Gao": "The improvisation of wine originated from the emperor, and was completed by Yi Di. One name is Du Kang If there is endless food, leave the empty mulberry leaves to form the flavor and retain the fragrance for a long time. This is the reason why it is not a strange recipe. "In the Song Dynasty, "Guixin Miscellaneous Notes" recorded an example of long-term storage of sorbus into wine; in the Yuan Dynasty, Naturally fermented wine was recorded in "Putao Wine Fu" in the Ming and Qing dynasties; there are records of apes picking fruits, storing them and turning them into wine in the Ming and Qing dynasties' "Pengzhao Night Talk" and "Qingyi Lei Chao? Oxi Ou Ji".

The words "jiu", "醴", "zun" (zun), "酉" and "鬯") have long appeared in oracle bone inscriptions. Wine is mentioned eight times in the Book of Changes. It was he who first recorded this wine culture in hexagrams, lines and words. There is a poem in the "Book of Songs" that says "Jujubes are peeled in August and rice is harvested in October. For this reason spring wine is made." Our ancestors have already compiled poems about harvesting on time and making wine. Even now, the harvesting and winemaking season remains the same. In "The Rites of Zhou", there is a record that "the decree of Jiuzheng is in charge of wine, and the ingredients for wine are given according to the ritual method." and "The Rites of Zhou" records that the wine used for sacrifices in the palace is in charge. In the "Book of Rites", there is a record that "Nai Ming Chief" prepared the six elements of wine making on time.

Yellow wine is a prehistoric product, and archaeological data provides evidence. The ruins of wine workshops were discovered in the Jiahu Culture of 7,500-9,000 years ago; in the Peiligang Culture of Zhengzhou, 7,700-8,000 years ago, millet and fine clay pottery drinking utensils were unearthed; in Zhejiang, 6,000-7,000 years ago A large number of artificially cultivated rice grains, stems and leaves, and ancient drinking vessels were unearthed at Hemudu, Yuyao; at the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan, a large number of pottery and bronze drinking vessels - cups, goblets, pots, etc. - from 4880 to 6800 years ago were unearthed; in Huzhou A bronze wine vessel "觯" was found in the middle layer of the Qiucheng site dating back more than 5,000 years. In the early 1950s, the remains of a Shang Dynasty brewing factory were discovered in Zhengzhou, confirming that my country's brewing had developed from agricultural differentiation into an independent handicraft industry during the Shang Dynasty.

Many wine vessels, millet, and cereals have been unearthed in the cultural relics. Many scholars believe that the prehistoric ancestors lived on meat and cultivated food crops mainly for wine making and beverages.

With the development of brewing technology. Rice wine production is also divided into different types such as millet wine, millet wine, and rice wine due to different raw materials. Due to different purposes, it is divided into "sake", "sake", "sake", etc. As a result, different wine names appeared. There are "spring wine" and "yellow wine" in the "Book of Songs". "The Book of Rites" states that "the emperor drinks wine", "酎" is a double set of wine specially for the Yellow Emperor to enjoy. Zhu Xi's annotation said: "Shijiu" refers to wine brewed in response to events; "Xijiu" refers to relatively old wine; "Sake" refers to wine used to filter out the lees and to offer sacrifices to ghosts and gods.

During the Warring States Period, wine had become a folk commodity, and hotels all had signboards. Han Feizi said: "People in the Song Dynasty sold wine with high wine curtains" to attract customers.