First, the unit introduction
Founded in 1952, Xx No.1 Machine Tool Plant is a national key enterprise producing metal cutting machine tools and a NC industrialization base in xx Province. The enterprise is located atNo. 16, South Inner Ring Street, xx, covering an area of132,800 square meters. Facing the street on three sides, it is located in the central area of the city, with superior geographical position and convenient transportation. The enterprise has 1293 employees, including 320 professional and technical personnel. The total assets are 223 million yuan and the total liabilities are 654.38+78 million yuan. The enterprise has 468 sets of precision machining and testing equipment, including vertical machining center, horizontal machining center, high-precision guideway milling machine, large-scale CNC gantry boring and milling machine, three-coordinate measuring instrument and dual-frequency laser interferometer. , and has a perfect process assurance system and accurate measurement and testing means.
The main products of the enterprise are high, medium and low-grade CNC lathes, horizontal lathes and gantry frame machine tools, * * * three series, 6 1 variety and 182 specifications, among which: CNC lathes have 16 variety and 43 specifications, which track the domestic advanced level and have huge market potential; Horizontal lathe 14 variety, 64 specifications, high cost performance and good customer satisfaction; Gantry frame machine tools have 3 1 variety and 75 specifications, showing a brisk sales trend. In particular, the new product CNC gantry boring and milling machine not only has a good market prospect, but also has intellectual property rights and core competitive advantages. Products with the registered trademark of "Taiyiji" sell well all over the country and are exported to more than ten countries and regions in the world. The enterprise has strong technical force, short product development cycle and quick results. The enterprise technology center is rated as a provincial technology center with its strong scientific and technological development ability and modern design means. This enterprise is famous for its honest management and quick and thoughtful service. Sales outlets have been established in most provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, forming a long-term network system. Enterprises pay attention to product quality, and passed the ISO900 1 international quality system certification in 2000.
Second, the purpose of the internship
Graduation practice is an important practical teaching link for us to comprehensively apply knowledge after completing the basic courses and specialized courses of our major. It is a compulsory practical course for mechanical and electrical majors and occupies an important position in the practical teaching system. Through graduation practice, you can verify, consolidate and deepen your professional theoretical knowledge in practice, and deepen your understanding and mastery of relevant curriculum theories and methods through the application of knowledge. Strengthen the understanding of the enterprise and its management business, combine what you have learned with practice, make a preliminary analysis of the business of the internship unit by using professional theoretical knowledge, and be good at observation, analysis and comparison to find out its rationality and shortcomings. Flexible use of professional knowledge, find and refine problems in practice, put forward ideas and methods to solve problems, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems.
Third, the internship content
In these short weeks, everyone has to learn a new technology every day. In a short internship time, we have completed the process from knowing nothing about each specific operation to making a finished product. Under the patient and meticulous guidance of teachers, we successfully completed their respective internship contents, basically met the teachers' expected internship requirements, and successfully completed the internship. During the internship, we made our own workpieces by learning the operation of lathe workers and locksmiths. Although these weeks of internship are a great test for us, we are all overjoyed to see the workpieces made in the workshop for the first time in our lives and feel very fulfilled.
When we arrived at the factory, the master worker gave us a safety lesson first, telling us what we can and can't do, we must obey the management of the factory and teachers, and we should also pay attention to safety and don't run around. He also told us some life events to strengthen our understanding of safety, told us some excellent achievements in the factory, and introduced us to some places in the branch factory.
In the next few days, the intern teacher led us to various branches to familiarize ourselves with the structure, working principle, basic operation and basic functions of lathe, forging, grinding machine, milling machine and other mechanical equipment, and then let us actually operate in the future internship. Through the teacher's explanation, I am familiar with the composition, installation and sharpening of ordinary turning tools, and understand the main angles and functions of turning tools, the performance and requirements of cutting certain materials, common tool materials, common workpiece clamping methods, characteristics and applications, the types and methods of common measuring tools, and the turning methods and means of turning excircles, end faces, inner holes, drilling holes, threads, grooves, breaks, conical surfaces and forming surfaces.
For example, when using a grinding machine, the head should not be too close to the grinding wheel to prevent chips from flying into the eyes. When grinding cast iron, wear protective glasses, do not touch or measure the workpiece being cut by hand, do not directly remove the chips by hand, and use a brush or special tool to remove them. It is forbidden to stop the rotating grinding wheel and workpiece by hand. Before starting the machine, check whether the grinding wheel is normal and cracked, and check whether the workpiece is firmly installed and the handle position is correct. Before starting the milling machine, it is necessary to check whether the transmission parts and lubrication system of the milling machine are normal, whether the operating handle is correct, and whether the workpiece, fixture and cutter are firmly clamped. , and check whether there are obstacles around before normal use. When changing the speed, changing the milling cutter, loading and unloading the workpiece, changing the feed or measuring the workpiece, it must stop. When replacing the milling cutter, carefully check whether the cutter is firmly clamped, and be careful not to be cut by the cutting edge of the milling cutter. When milling, it is necessary to choose the appropriate tool rotation direction and workpiece feed direction, and the cutting speed, cutting depth and feed speed should be appropriate. Use an iron hook or brush to clean up the iron filings. You can't pull them by hand or blow them with your mouth. Burrs after work and machining should be clamped in a vice and leveled with a file. Be careful of cutting your hand with burrs. When milling gears, you must wait for the milling cutter to leave the workpiece completely before turning the indexing head handle.
Lathe operators need high manual operation ability. Through the teacher's explanation, we learned about the types of turning tools, commonly used tool materials, the basic performance of tool materials, the composition and main geometric angles of turning tools, and the function and structure of lathes. Finally, the teacher showed us how to operate the lathe, made a wooden model, and then let us start our own independent practice. Although the operation technology is not very skilled, after several days of turning practice, we finally finished the practice independently. You can't touch the surface of the workpiece with your hands when the lathe is running. It is forbidden to wipe the rotating workpiece with cotton yarn or stop the rotating chuck by hand. When clamping the workpiece with the tip, the tip should be completely consistent with the central hole, and the damaged or skewed tip should not be used. Before use, the top and center hole should be wiped clean, and the tailstock top should be firmly supported. When grinding the surface of the workpiece with emery cloth, move the tool to a safe place, and clothes and hands shall not touch the surface of the workpiece. When processing the inner hole, you can't hold the abrasive cloth with your fingers, but use a wooden stick instead, and the speed should not be too fast. It is forbidden to put tools, fixtures or workpieces directly on the lathe bed and the spindle gear box. You must concentrate on your work, and pay attention to the fact that your head, hands, body and clothes can't get close to rotating parts, such as workpieces, pulleys, belts and gears.
Fourth, the internship harvest
Through the lathe practice, we are familiar with the basic knowledge of lathe and lathe technology, master certain basic operation skills, initially be able to use and operate the lathe correctly, and also enhance our hands-on ability and ability to analyze and solve problems.
The operation of CNC lathe is to control the lathe to process by programming. CNC machine tools are the product of the comprehensive application of high and new technologies such as computer, automatic control, automatic detection and precision machinery. It is a typical mechatronics processing equipment with high technical density and high degree of automation. Compared with ordinary machine tools, its advantages are obvious. It not only has high machining precision of parts and stable product quality, but also has a high degree of automation, which can reduce the physical labor intensity of workers and greatly improve production efficiency. As long as the correct program is input, the lathe will perform the corresponding operation. Through the operation and programming of CNC lathe, we deeply feel the convenience, accuracy and quickness of digital control. Through numerical control practice, understand the concepts of numerical control machine tools and numerical control machining, and master the programming content of numerical control machine tools. Numerical control practice enables us to have some basic knowledge of numerical control machining, to basically understand and program simple numerical control operation machining, and to preliminarily master the operation and maintenance of numerical control machine tools.
The practice of turning, forging, grinding and milling is one of the necessary ways of cutting technology, which can cultivate our observation ability and hands-on ability, broaden our horizons and effectively combine the theoretical knowledge we usually study with operation practice.
During the observation, we asked the master worker what we didn't understand and learned a lot of things that were not in books. After listening to the explanation of the worker's master, I understand that the processing flow of general parts is as follows:
Blank-scribing-planer (technically leaving machining allowance)-rough turning-heat treatment, dressing-semi-finishing of lathe-grinding-gear machining-quenching (tooth surface)-grinding surface.
Processing technology of gear parts;
Rough turning-heat treatment-finish turning-grinding inner hole-grinding core, shaft end face-grinding the other end face-hobbing-clamping teeth-shaving-countersunk keyway-fitter-completion.
Finally, under the guidance of Master, we personally processed a part, which made us all very excited.
When we deal with it ourselves, many problems appear in front of us, which deepens our understanding of all kinds of knowledge. After ten minutes of machining by myself, I have a deeper understanding of tool alignment, parameter setting, programming requirements, technology, various operations in machining, establishment of tool compensation, modification of various parameters and use of various measuring tools.
During the internship, we also studied CNC lathes and milling machines. Numerical control left a deep impression on us, and they let me see the future of this industry.
The internship is over, but the study is endless. Through internship, I learned a lot of knowledge and technology. In this internship, I also learned how to face failure. I can't forget my internship life.