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What is a scientific invention?
Some students are afraid to mention the "invention", how can it be Nana! In fact, this invention is not mysterious. Many middle school students have won national and international awards for their inventions!
Scientific invention refers to using one's own scientific knowledge to design and manufacture new projects or methods that are not ideal and more convenient for teenagers' daily study, life and labor, as well as those that are dissatisfied and inconvenient. Compared with "invention", the choice is relatively narrow, the problem is relatively simple, the materials used are relatively easy to find and the cost is not much, so-called "small invention". & ltBR/ Should gadgets have a good quality standard? "Three" means novelty, creativity and practicality.
1 freshness. Novelty: Before you finish this little invention, there will be no products with the same content or technology, that is to say, you can't buy books, periodicals, radio and television, the same products are in the streets of shops, descriptions you have never seen or heard, the same inventions and creations, no one else applies to the Patent Office for patent application documents and documents, and no one else participates in the reports of inventions and creations at all levels. However, if you skillfully invent new functions, new methods, new uses, or original projects, you will add a new individual and new functions, and the operator will be novel.
Guest shoes, a friend of Qiangwei's and their father's house and door stumped him: it is impolite for the host to lay carpets without changing shoes. The smell of his shoes and feet. After returning home, Wei Qiang thought: If you have a pair of slippers, you can wear them without taking off your sandals. Later, he was inspired by sports shoes, which were made of Velcro slippers and nylon rings. Can you adjust slimming fat to catch up with Yixian by pressing? Let him get a pair of old slippers, sports shoes, casual shoes, hook and loop sewing, and put forward "hospitality shoes." This little invention won the third prize in the 4th National Youth Invention Competition.
In fact, Qiangwei's invention was only transplanted to other people's slippers invented by Velcro, but the adhesive tape, a new function of this invention, has a new use for slippers. There is a new thing.
2。 Creativity. Compared with similar products, creative inventions have outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress.
Convenient soap box
Usually, soap is packed in water boxes, which makes it sticky, difficult to take out and has a short life. Fan Ping and Tianjin students invented a convenient soap box by using the lever principle. Open the soap box and the soap will stand up. Similar products are more advanced in technology and won the first prize of the first national youth invention competition.
3, practicality. Practicality means that the invention can be manufactured or used and has positive effects. Gadgets can be tangible things, not only ideas or design drawings, but also practical problems in production and life.
The date when jujube trees and jujube trees in Linxian County, Shanxi Province were infested with pests. Students in Ada carefully observed the growth and activity patterns of jujube song worm, and found that females climbed up the trunk, mated with males, and destroyed the leaves and fruits of trees. He tried to put a circle of hard plastic cloth around his waist and coated the inner layer with insecticidal ointment, so that women could not plant the trunk. This simple and ingenious pest tree skirt, a practical and popular jujube farmer, won the first prize in the Sixth National Youth Invention Competition.
Of course, the completion of a small invention will not frown, just as simple as the heart. It has to go through the test and perfection of theme, conceptual design, production and practice, as well as successful steps.
The first step in inventing a small invention is to determine the purpose of the invention and consider what problems to study. This is the theme. For teenagers, reality should be familiar with life and find the theme of invention around school, family and living area. For example, when you understand some difficulties in life, you will definitely say, "If there are some good things." What you want is invented and can be used as the object of invention. However, students in the theme must combine their own knowledge and design ability, rather than utopia impossible to invent.
Select a style, and then carry out conceptual design. It designs the form, structure, method and implementation scheme of subject and object according to basic scientific principles and experience. Think as many ideas as possible, come up with more design schemes, and choose the structure of the best scheme according to feasibility and practicality. Planning is simple, smart and easy, but the disadvantage is that it is at least as good.
When the idea is mature, you can start making it. In production, we should make full use of the existing conditions and even make exquisite works without spending less money. Consult teachers and parents for some technical problems, and sometimes ask some manufacturers to help make some parts.
The sample of the invention has been completed, which is also a test and improvement of practice. This will take some time to work. When problems are found in use, parents, teachers and students come to ask for advice to see if there are any improvements and unreasonable places. Then the gizmo is improved by combining the opinions of all parties. Almost every excellent invention is "change".
At this point, you will enjoy the joy of success. Next, you can announce your participation in this competition. Young people at all levels are inventing, applying for patents or contributing to newspapers. Participate in the submission of documents, including the introduction of the organizing Committee, project description and supporting materials, including the project: how to discover the theme of the invention, how to design the invention scheme and how to invent the work? How to embody the novelty, creativity and practicality of the invention? What is your creative contribution? Further improve suggestions and creative inventions. (Black-and-white photos are preferred), additional appearance drawings, structural drawings, schematic diagrams, and other necessary chart materials. Small-scale invention projects involving health care products and new varieties of plants and animals under state protection must also provide certificates to relevant departments.
Scientific invention is something that everyone can do, but it is also an interesting and endless practical activity. As long as we carefully observe the things around us, be good at discovering and asking questions, boldly explore and practice, and dare to break through the shackles, we will innovate and invent.
Creativity of the theme of small inventions
Quote shortcomings and find a topic
When a school engages in small inventions, it must first learn to choose the theme of the invention.
An important learning method is to start with the inconvenient and unsatisfactory things when life is not smooth, list the shortcomings and ask, "Are there any shortcomings to overcome?" Try to overcome the shortcomings, put forward the reform ideas according to the shortcomings of the existing projects, and the method of listing the shortcomings is also very simple, and choose an effective method of small inventions. "
Electric shock socket
Almost everyone has a power socket, but it is very easy to get an electric shock, which is particularly dangerous. It is very troublesome for children to unplug it. Shanghai student Xu Chen dissected several traditional power sockets and designed a "four-socket electric shock protection". This socket is an ordinary socket jack with two insulating shutters and a power plug installed. At the same time, there will be two sockets to supply power. Therefore, when a child's careless little hand or nail touches any jack and two doors block it, there will be no danger of electric shock. The invention won the first prize in the second National Youth Science and Technology Invention Competition.
Stress, improvement
What are the disadvantages of pressure bottles? Yes! Because its outlet pipe bottle is underwater, the sediment at the bottom often makes the pressed water turbid every time the water is pressed. Zhang, a student in Beijing, improved this shortcoming. In the air pressure bottle, his suction nozzle is connected to a long rubber tube, and the suction nozzle and a plastic floating ball keep floating on the water, so that the air pressure is deposited at the bottom of the bottle, not from the pipette. The invention won the third prize in the second National Youth Innovation Competition.
The shortcomings of the cited items actually lead to problems, and at the same time, the present invention aims to solve the existing problems. So each of us finds a shortcoming, asks a question, and often finds the theme of the invention.
So, how to learn and find the shortcomings?
First of all, we should always pay attention to their shortcomings or inconveniences in daily life, and be good at grasping a project and entering precise excavation. Articles about umbrellas, parasols and tools seem to have no effect. Inventors, large and small, seize it and keep the patterns updated exclusively, such as sun umbrella, double umbrella, folding umbrella, mother-child umbrella, quick-drying umbrella and astronomical endless umbrella. It can be seen that there are many themes of inventions, and various alternative design schemes can be made for the same theme and different inventions. Rebuilding a pen still has many shortcomings, such as the cover is easy to fall off or lose, the nib is easy to block, the round pen is easy to slide off, the nib damaged from the table is cut off at night or in the wild, and writing is invisible ... List as many shortcomings as possible in some projects, and determine the theme of Gizmo according to the defects or some shortcomings of your own choice ability. The sun of the inflatable solar cooker
It's very attractive, but at present, the cost is high, the technology of solar cooker is complicated, and the weight (about 50 kg) is troublesome to adjust, which makes it inconvenient to work and travel in the field. Based on the research of students in Lian Xin, the main direction is defined: simplifying the manufacturing process of solar cookers, reducing weight, reducing material consumption, reducing costs and maximizing power. Firstly, the expanded plastic film with two round edges is attached, and then the expanded parabolic vacuum aluminized polyester self-adhesive film is attached to the reflective surface. The external air pump can change the internal air pressure, and the automatic convergence of reflected light can be realized by how much the upper transparent film inflates upwards and how much the reflection is directed to the concave surface. The substrate-free inflatable solar cooker "weighs only 4 kg and is easy to disassemble and carry. It is the first prize of the Third National Youth Science Invention Competition."
In fact, the invention is the result of a variety of transplants: inflatable toy technology, patches from commodity trademarks, convex lens parabolic structure, optical and hydrodynamic principles of textbook knowledge transplanted to new solar cookers, and the design of solar cookers, which successfully completed small inventions.
The candle lamp of a candle is usually used as a lighting tool, but because the flame of the candle is afraid of the wind, the candle body is not easy to fix and the brightness can be controlled. How to improve these shortcomings? Liu, a middle school student in Jianli County, considered fixing the candle in an iron tube and throwing glass. He thought of fixing the bayonet bulb and borrowing the candle lamp to keep the candle flame in the best center of the lampshade on the spring.
How to make candles stop crying? In order to solve this problem, we must continue to reduce the temperature at the top of the candle and the diffusion of heat conduction to the surrounding area. A car with a front engine, with a metal radiator, can also light the candles on the painting? He drilled a metal box and a big hole with moisturizing balsam, cut the fan table cut into various shapes to the center with the same big hole, and welded the cut heat sink on the packaging box (including the big hole to be aligned).
How to control the brightness of candle flame? He inhaled the air valve, gas generator, and beam trap (inner fin tin, outer plastic ring, each made separately), and controlled the flow of air by rotating the valve to realize his desire to adjust the brightness of Zhu Yan. The invention can be said to be complicated by "grafting". The lampshade comes from kerosene lamps and the heat sink for fixing bayonet bulbs comes from cars.
It can be seen that transplantation is a very important inventive concept. Grasp the students well and you can come up with good inventions.
& gt The key is transplanting, so as to expand one's knowledge, understand some new technologies, and often analyze the main functions of some projects or a structure. In this way, the brain is more conducive to the transplantation of information and can facilitate you to make small inventions.