1。 Frankly speaking, the strong feelings in the text directly describe the heart and directly let the strong feelings pour out.

Why doesn't ecstasy disappear? Brand pressure, old crying marks, new singing, heartbreaking people remember heartbreaking people. Yao folk songs (65438+ February Master Wang? The reasons are different), (the methods of direct lyric poetry are "Four Corners Fear of Dusk", "Enchanting", "Singing Trademarks" and "heartbroken".

2。 Lyricism by borrowing scenery is an indirect lyric, expressing the author's true description.

Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, near Qinhuai restaurant bell rings. I don't know the declining business woman 10 Burgundy, and the whole family also sings backyard flowers. (Mutu's "Bo Qinhuai") (The scenery in the first two sentences, the lyric poem written by the latter describes that the king didn't have a clear moonlit night in Wan Li and a cloudless blue sky in Wan Li, but a month's haze hung over the deserted white sand beach. The scenery was so bleak and the atmosphere was so quiet and lonely, which increased the anxiety of the two writers, and the scenes were more colorful and seamless).

3。 Blog is an appropriate expression of indirect lyricism-expressing one's wishes and wishes by describing and narrating things and taking care of children.

Hanging chain drinks clear dew, and Shutong flows. Ranked from distant non-loud autumn. (Yu Chan)

The poem describes the cicada in the image. The tentacles of the cicada suck up the clean dew floating from it, and the cicada sings sparsely on the branches of the phoenix tree. Being in a high position sounds natural and far away, so don't rely on the power of poetic style to truly express the experience of life: people with good moral character must always be strict with themselves and constantly improve ourselves, so as to decide that Bai's reputation will spread far and wide, without relying on others to brag. Show the true purpose of writing cicada's foundation and emotional side. )

4。 The subjective feelings in scenery and scenery description have made the poem "I am a person" not "scenery" but "emotion".

The humanistic environment of building a house is far away from energy. See Nanshan leisurely under the east fence of picking chrysanthemums. The mountains are beautiful and birds are singing. Here is the true meaning, and the decision has been forgotten. (Tao Yuanming's Drinking)

BR/>； (Underlined, on the surface, is the fact of writing scenery. Xanadu wrote "King" and also wrote "Love" here. A secular poet loves nature and is far away from the realm of officialdom feelings. This is "king" and that is "love". )

5。 Sports combine people, things and kings with dynamic or static descriptions.

Black fishing lamp, isolated small fluorescent lamp. Slight wind and waves, scattered around the river star. See "Night Book on the Boat")

(Cha Shen Xing (This poem is the poet's painting skill of watching the scenery on the boat at night. The first two poems are dynamic, while the last two poems are static).

6。 The automatic queuing comparison method under static conditions is to describe, render and compare static dynamic description dynamics under dynamic conditions.

In the dead of night, sweet-scented osmanthus falls, the mountains are empty in spring, the birds are surprised at the moon, and the flowers in the spring stream ring. (Wang Wei bird flow)

& lt/ (Poetic scenes, such as flowers, moonshine, birds, etc. After these touching scenes of kings, they were placed in a more prominent display of quiet spring flow. "Tonamiyama is more subtle, seeing the static, dynamic and increasingly static dialectical bread in his mouth. )

7。 Compared with the sad tactics in the happy scene, what is written on the surface is the happy scene, but what is actually expressed is the sad and sentimental mood.

The article "Peacock Flying Southeast" wrote the scene of marrying Liu Lanzhi, "Cross-speed? Clothing, starting from the cloud ... from four or five hundred people, depressed Gordon County Gate. " The scene is more vivid and tragic.

8。 In the process of discussion or lyricism, Wang Jie's love poems come to an abrupt end and turn into scenes, and come to the conclusion that it seems endless to compete with the poems represented by the king.

The sound of pipa dancing is always different. Blind listening to endless worries, shining high on the Great Wall and autumn moon. (Wang Changling, "The Army and a Party of Seven")

(three lyrics to music, when it comes to "face", "endless worries, how can those limited seven words do this?" The endless "complex" poet then gently broke a pen, in the king's complex. After a month's visit to the Great Wall, it suddenly appeared. If you buy wine and have fun in the army, the ancient and majestic Great Wall will be ups and downs, the splendid scene of the moon, the magnificent desolation, and poets with profound thoughts and feelings will leave readers with unlimited imagination space. )

9。 The layout of The Book of Songs and The Poetry is laid, but to put it bluntly, it is a troublesome multi-angle careful statement.

"... five steps to the first floor, ten steps to the pavilion, cloister and waist, high eaves and teeth, each holding its own terrain, cheating ..." (Du Mu's Epang Palace Fu)

Multi-angle (the article here is about the exhibition hall of Epang Palace, with many wonders and ingenious structural layout, which reflects the grandeur of Epang Palace)

10。 The technique and means of rendering a Chinese painting, emphasizing the image and environment of a prominent figure in literary and artistic creation, was repeated, and later the pain and meticulous skills in many other places were borrowed.

Platanus acerifolia leaves in Jinjing, yellow beads in autumn, curtain roll, night arrival, frost. The color of the jade pillow in the fumigation cage is the length of the leak in the palace. (Wang Changling's "Autumn Ci") (The first sentence of the article renders the atmosphere of the cold night in the palace in order to describe autumn)

1 1。 Contrast is one of China's traditional painting techniques. Also known as "clouds shine on the moon". Borrowing a person with outstanding writing skills refers to the specific description skills of the atmosphere, certain emotions or unexpected people. Don't talk about specific intentions, just the intention to improve things. BR/>；

This method is often combined with rendering technology, which is easily confused.

..... new thin, disease-free wine, not sad autumn ... (Li Qingzhao Phoenix backup memory oral sex))

For example, tomorrow's acacia will be bitter, but not straight, but not ill, and wine will not grieve for autumn.

12。 Contact (use) written works, spoken words and mass creation in advance, re-process and re-create, and give them new content and emotion. It can be divided into three types: the sublimated mood is opened.

(1) Blue sky, yellow land, tight west wind, flying north and south. Xiao, who is drunk in frost forest, is always drunk in people's tears. (Master Wang's The West Chamber)

As long as she turned her head and smiled, a hundred spells were cast, and the powder and paint of the sixth house were wiped out. (Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow)

(1) Use the words "blue sky, yellow leaves" to charm Fan Zhongyan. (2) This sentence enchants Wei's beauty and the poetry of her smiling daughter. )

13。 The code also requires quoting classics. This refers to a rhetorical way of quoting historical stories or easy-to-understand words and ancient books. Codes are light and dark.

The terms used in the story are Xin Qiji (Yong Yule's "Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia"), Sun Quan,,, and Huo, with a total of five floors.

The real part and imaginary part of 14 are combined to write a true, direct and positive narrative description, that is to say, fictional writing refers to the user's narrative of the actual situation or the opposite narrative and description. These two techniques are to describe and describe people or things used at the same time.

In the atrium, Bai Shu crows wet and cold, and there is silent osmanthus (The Moon on the Night of 15 by Wang Jian).

(The poet began to write about the land and crows, less than a month later, but we can clearly feel the existence of the moon. "White" and "Habitat Crow" are in the brightest moon, because crows can be seen in the frost habitat, so they are called "Maybe tomorrow, but we feel the existence of Yue everywhere, so they are the real" white "writing. )

BR/>； 15。 In order to convince others in advance or prevent others from refuting, it is often necessary to pay tribute to the first shortcoming in a roundabout way of praise or criticism, and criticism begins to praise the advantages of this rhetorical device. The so-called cyclotron can be divided into two types: 1, that is, it is lifted first and then suppressed; Ways to restrain Mr. Yang

Unfortunately, there should be teeth marks and moss on the shoes. Xiao Kouchai couldn't open the garden in spring, and an almond went out of the wall (edited by Weng, "It's not worth going to the garden") (the first two poets wrote poems and turned away. After two years, the poets got it in other ways. When he sees all the love, there is still a certain gap before and after. In the past regrets, happiness should be promoted first.

16。 In order to express the need, the rhetorical device of connecting overlapping words of the same polysyllabic word in series is called "overlapping word search, cold and clear, sad and sad ..." (Li Qingzhao's voice is slow and poetic)

(The remaining overlapping setting of 14 and the lonely emotional voice at the beginning of autumn made the poet in his later years lifeless and dull inside. )

17。 Under the background of relative improvement of intertextuality, these two words complement each other respectively. In this sense, * * * is the average of the same expression. This rhetorical intertextual sentence and sentence crossing are easily mistranslated, so we should pay special attention to it.

Guan (Wang Changling "runner-up") is a common form of bright moon in Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty.

The correct translation is: Qin and Han dynasties, the moon and related cities. Qin Zhiyue, Han Guancheng)

18 image combination (montage picture combination) The montage expression of American film art and method is mainly the life scenes connected by lens groups. The development of scenes and plots and the change of time give people a vivid image.

Dead vines, old trees, faint crows, thin horses in the west wind, heartbroken people in the sunset. (Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si) (In the poem, "bridges with withered vines and flowing water", "old trees and dark crows", "bridges", "water", "people", "roads", "western development" and "thin horses" are coordinate nouns. Ingeniously organized on a screen, the lonely late image of the school shows the autumn atmosphere, thus implicitly expressing the sadness of tourists. )

19。 Meticulous line drawing was originally a stroke and a painting outlined by the ink lines of China ink painting, and there was no thick brushwork image. The latter refers to the words in ink, while the writing refers to a vivid description method with concise and non-rendering contrast. Meticulous brushwork is originally the brushwork of painting and carving and the description of rich colors.

To modify the strike, we have to do our best to lay the foundation of heartbreaking Bai Pingzhou with the oblique glow and gentle water of Qian Fan. ("Wen Tingjun

Painting skills of poetry, writing about a woman, expecting the mood of Valentine's Day to return from morning till night.

In addition, there are some rhetorical devices used by modern China people, such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, metonymy, etc., which are often used in comparison with ancient poems, so I won't list them here.

Several common expression techniques

1。 contrast

Metal foil or contrast is based on B-pillar, so the characteristics of A are more prominent. I'm waiting in line to compare the two. "The river has disappeared, a romantic figure through the ages." To the west of the old base area, humanity is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms. "(Su Nian Nu Jiao Ji Dongpo")

"Tonight, in the month of Lu (the only independent country in Lu), the girl looked at it. Poor little boy, too young to know where the capital is. Wu Xiangyun is wet, and her jade shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When you lean on the air, your eyes will dry up. The first character (Du Fu's Moonlit Night) was Zhou Yu, and there was never an eternal heroic writing style, which led to Battle of Red Cliffs's How to Be a Hero finally focusing on Zhou Yu, highlighting Zhou Yu's position in the author's mind. A poet who writes about the contrast between his wife's beauty, melancholy and pain.

This is a technique of rendering Chinese painting with ink or color, just like a wheel-personal data, which deliberately describes the performance of things from the side as a foil, setting off obvious reaction, highlighting artistic creation, making things clear and excellent, and improving people, such as Qin Luofu borrowing Traveler and Juvenile. And so on, all enhanced Qin Luofu's amazing beauty. Regardless of the comparison of materials, such as "The cicada makes the forest quieter and more hidden in the Yin Gong Mountain" and "The Monk Knocks at the Door under the Moon", the static material comparison of the lining that scares the birds on the moon, the beautiful and charming desolate characters, loneliness, sadness and other feelings in the three schools; Another example is the poet Wang Lun's deep affection, and his image of "at the foot of the Peach Blossom Pond, set each other off and become interesting".

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Various typical ways are generally used in the light and dark, and have been used in ancient and modern times.

(1) Siming allusions

The allusions in classical poetry, if you let the readers take them literally, use an allusions, which is a common phenomenon of Ming allusions in classical poetry, such as Su Shi's "Jiang Jiaozi Missouri or Hunting": "When will it be sent in the clouds?" This is a story of the Ming Dynasty. Historical Records Tang Fengzhuan Dongpo Biography is an allusion, which is based on Zhiguo, Wei and so on. I dare to warn my sponsor in front of Song Shenzong, and send someone to remember myself and entrust them with an important task. A sense of urgency that reflects the fate of the ancients. In the Southern Anhui Incident, Zhou Enlai angrily wrote a book about the disease, What's too urgent to fry in the same room, which is obviously exactly the same as a sentence in Cao Zhi's Seven Steps Poetry: "We are born from the same root, so why should we fry too quickly?"

(2) Dark allusions

Allusions in classical poetry sometimes seem to blend with typical contextual sentences. Regardless of the surface, I don't know the code. This is a dark allusion. "Jiang said the last sentence of consulting Missouri or hunting:" Carving a bow is like looking at the moon, and looking at Sirius in the northwest will pull. It seems to write "or hunting", and the hunter's bow describes the shooting of wolves. In fact, this is a metaphor of "providing a long-term carrier for Sirius" in the Book of Songs. Sirius, the star name, represented greed and plunder in ancient times, referring to the rulers of Liao and Xixia in our generation; Sirius radio program, he is determined to resist the enemy and defend the country.

(3) allusions

Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xiebalcony Building Farewell to the School Book Uncle Yun" sent "The bones of great writers are your brushes, which are learned in heaven and thought to be right." Code generation, praise Liu Yun and yourself through articles. The name of "Penglai" Haishen Mountain, the legendary fairy house and rare good books are all hidden here. "The word" Zhang Chuan "read by the Han people is the old library of the Taoist Penglai Mountain scholar's" Oriental View "(the book collection institution of the later Han government). Penglai has a short poem, and the proofreader is Li Yun Jian 'an. During the Jian 'an period in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao and his son created seven poems with fresh and vigorous style, which were later called Jian 'an. The respect of Xie Lingyun and Xie dialogue in Xie and Xie Tiao's Thank you very much is here in an average proportion. The last sentence of these two sentences praised Liu Yun's article as Jian 'an, fresh and energetic; The following sentence should be as clear and meaningful as Xie Tiao's.

(4) allusions

The poet used the state of allusions to refute his own ideas and Xin Qiji's "Red River sent to punish Shu", and strongly encouraged Li Bai's first sentence in his official career, "Road is difficult to bypass", which is very difficult. "To sum up, Shu Road ascended to heaven. It turns out that Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu" highlights the risks of high risks, and the road is "full of rivers and reds", emphasizing the blue sky that was hard to climb, which is a typical anti-allusion.

Code code useful things, refer to the previous poem 2. Allusions are historical stories that express thoughts and feelings, including positions and attitudes towards some problems in real life, personal clues and wishes, and other ancient poems.

Quoting the previous poetic purpose deepens the artistic conception of poetry and urges people to join the company and seek meaning, its meaning. "Looking back on the past, Jin Ge is an iron horse, swallowing Wan Li like a tiger" ("Eternal Yule Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia")