windows

Microsoft began developing Windows systems in 1983. The initial development goal was to provide a multi-tasking graphical user interface based on MS-DOS. The first version of Windows 1.0 came out in 1985. It was a system software with a graphical user interface. Windows version 2.0 was launched in 1987. The most obvious change was the adoption of a multi-window interface that overlaps each other. But none of this attracted people's attention. It was not until the launch of Windows 3.0 in 1990 that it was an important milestone. It established the monopoly of Windows systems in the PC field with its overwhelming commercial success. The basic form of the popular Windows window interface today has been basically determined since Windows 3.0. In 1992, Windows 3.1 was launched mainly to address the shortcomings of Windows 3.0, providing powerful window control capabilities for program development, giving Windows and applications running in its environment a user interface with a unified style, flexible operation, and easy use. Windows 3.1 also made breakthrough progress in memory management. It enables applications to exceed conventional memory space limits, not only supporting 16MB memory addressing, but also supporting address spaces several times the actual physical memory size through virtual storage on 80386 and above hardware configurations. Windows 3.1 also provides a certain degree of network support, multimedia management, hypertext online help facilities, etc., which has a great impact on application development.

Windows 3.1 and previous versions are 16-bit systems, and therefore cannot take full advantage of the rapidly developing powerful capabilities of hardware. At the same time, they can only run on MS-DOS and must manage system resources together with MS-DOS, so they are not independent and complete operating systems. Windows 95, launched in 1995, has escaped the control of MS-DOS. It has achieved outstanding results in providing powerful functions and simplifying user operations, so it shocked the world as soon as it was launched. Windows 95 provides a new desktop form, making it more reasonable and easier for users to browse and operate various system resources. Windows 95 provides hardware "plug and play" functionality and allows the use of long file names, which greatly improves the system's ease of use. Windows 95 is a complete integrated 32-bit operating system that uses preemptive multi-tasking design technology to Provides good compatibility with MS-DOS applications and Windows applications. Windows 98 was launched in 1998, which comprehensively enhanced the functions of Windows 95, improved stability, made it run faster, enhanced management capabilities, expanded network functions, and had efficient multimedia data processing technology.

Windows NT is a newly designed operating system launched by Microsoft in 1993, which has high requirements on the hardware environment. It adopts a structure that combines client/server and hierarchical structure, and can run on a series of machines such as multi-processor network servers. It supports multi-process concurrent work and provides superior application compatibility for the Win32, Win16, MS-DOS, OS/2 and POSIX subsystems it contains, which is unmatched by any other operating system before.

Windows 98 is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit graphics operating system released on June 25, 1998. This new system is based on Windows 95 and has improved support for hardware standards such as USB, MMX and AGP. Other features include support for the FAT32 file system, multiple monitors, Web TV support and integration of Internet Explorer into the Windows graphical user interface, called Active Desktop. Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released on June 10, 1999.

It includes a series of improvements, such as Internet Explorer 5, Windows Netmeeting 3, Internet Connection Sharing and support for DVD-ROM.

Minimum system requirements for Windows 98: 486DX/66MHz or higher processor, 16MB of memory, more memory will improve performance; if using the FAT16 file system, a typical installation requires 250MB; depending on the system Depending on the settings and options, the required space ranges from 225 MB to 310 MB; if using the FAT32 file system, a typical installation requires 245 MB; due to different system settings and options, the required space ranges from 200 MB to 270 MB; CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive and VGA or higher resolution monitor, Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device.

Windows ME is a 32-bit graphics operating system, released by Microsoft on November 18, 1999. It includes minor improvements related to, for example, Internet Explorer 5.5sp2. Chief among these improvements is Windows Media Player 7, which competes with popular media player software RealPlayer. Windows Media Player can easily win. And both Internet Explorer 5.5 and Windows Media Player 7 can be downloaded for free. This is undoubtedly making matters worse for RealPlayer's charging situation. Movie Maker is a new software in this media player. This software provides functions such as taking family photos and making videos. The most important modification is that DOS has been removed from the system and replaced by system recovery. Conceptually, this was a big improvement: Advocates no longer required knowledge of arcane DOS line commands to maintain and repair systems. In fact, the removal of the DOS functionality was a hindrance to maintenance, and the system recovery functionality also caused some trouble: performance was significantly reduced; it also proved ineffective at dealing with common errors. Since the system automatically creates a backup of the previous system state every time, it makes it difficult for non-professionals to carry out some much-needed modifications or even remove an unwanted program or virus.

Windows 2000 is a 32-bit graphics commercial operating system released by Microsoft on December 19, 2000.

Windows 2000 has four versions: Professional, Server, Advanced Server and Datacenter Server. Among them, Professional also has 4 versions, SP1/SP2/SP3/SP4 (SP5 will no longer be released because Microsoft may abandon it). The previous version of Professional is the Windows NT4.0 Works Tation version. It is suitable for mobile home users and can be used to upgrade WIN9X and NT4. It uses NT4 technology as its core, adopts standardized security technology, and has high stability. Its biggest advantage is that it will no longer crash due to illegal program prompts like WIN9X.

Windows 2000 Server is the server version, and its previous version is the Windows NT4.0 server version. It can be used for internal network servers of some small and medium-sized enterprises, but it can also meet the needs of various applications in enterprises, companies... large networks. Server has made a lot of improvements on the basis of NT4, and has made greater improvements in various functions.

Advanced Server is the enterprise version of Server. Its previous version is Windows NT4.0 Enterprise Edition. Different from the Server version, Advanced Server has more powerful features and functions. It has better support for SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor) than Server, and the number of supports can reach four.

Datacenter Server is by far the most powerful server system, supporting a 32-way SMP system and 64GB of physical memory. The system can be used for large databases, economic analysis, scientific calculations, engineering simulations, etc., and can also be used for online transaction processing.

All versions of Windows 2000 have the same new features: NTFS5, the new NTFS file system; EFS, which allows encryption of all files on the disk; WDM, which enhances hardware support . If it is for home use, it is better to choose Professional; if it is used as a server within the enterprise, you should choose Server; but if it is used for a W EB server, then Advanced Server is the most suitable; Datacenter Server is not necessary for ordinary users. Because it is positioned for large-scale data processing.

Windows XP, or Windows XP, is the latest Windows operating system released by Microsoft. It was released on September 15, 2002, under the original title Whistler. Microsoft initially released two versions, Home and Professional. The home version is targeted at home users, while the professional version adds new features such as network authentication and dual processors designed for business oriented use on the basis of the home version. And the home version only supports 1 processor, while the professional version supports 2. The letters XP represent the English word "experience".

Windows XP is a product based on Windows 2000 code and has a new graphical user interface that includes some subtle modifications, some of which appear to be taken from Linux desktop environments such as KDE. inspired by. A login screen with user graphics is an example. In addition, Windows XP also introduced a "person-based" user interface, allowing toolbars to access the specific details of tasks. There are several basic versions of XP: Home Edition, Professional, Media Center 2005, Tablet PC Edition 2005, Embedded. The latest patch service pack is SP2, and it is said that SP3 will appear in 2008

It includes simplified It incorporates the user security features of Windows 2000 and integrates a firewall to ensure the security issues that have plagued Microsoft for a long time.

Minimum system requirements for Windows AMD K6/Athlon/Duron series or compatible processor, 128 MB RAM or higher recommended (minimum support 64M, may affect performance and some functions), 1.5 GB available hard disk space, Super VGA (800x600) or resolution Higher video adapter and monitor, CD-ROM or DVD drive, keyboard and Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device.

Compared with the swing of Windows XP, Windows 2003 (full name Windows Server 2003) is the real first step towards Microsoft's .NET strategy. The original name of Windows 2003 was Windows NET Server 2003. It was officially renamed Windows Server 2003 on January 12, 2003, and entered the mainland market in May 2003, including Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, There are four versions: Datacenter Edition and Web Edition, each version has two encodings: 32-bit and 64-bit.

It inherits a large number of the friendly operability of Windows XP and the network features of Windows 2000 sever. It is an operating system suitable for both individual users and servers. Windows 2003 completely inherits the convenient, fast and efficient features of Windows XP installation. It can automatically complete hardware detection, installation, configuration and other tasks without much manual participation. Although in terms of name, Windows 2003 continues the customary naming rules of the Windows family, Windows 2003 is essentially different from Windows 2000/XP in terms of the various built-in services it provides and the redesigned kernel program. Windows 2003 has low minimum hardware requirements, which are similar to Windows 2000 Server. The Enterprise Edition version requires a CPU frequency of 133MHz or more and a minimum memory requirement of 128MB.

Windows Vista

New features: MSN Messenger 8.5, DirectX 10, Windows Media Player 11, Internet Explorer 7, Outlook Express 7, reliability: 98.5%, security 94%, It also has automatic updates, stylish interface, family interface...

And based on: Win 2000/XP. Official release date: around December 8, 2006. The former is the enterprise version and the latter is the personal version.

In the Windows Vista version, there are two categories: Home and Business

Home:

Windows Starter 2007 (junior version)

Windows Vista Home Basic (Junior Home Edition)

Windows Vista Home Premium (Enhanced Home Edition)

Windows Vista Ultimate (Ultimate Edition) [before this became the "Uber" version] < /p>

Windows Vista Home Basic (Primary Home Edition - Special Edition for Developing Countries and the European Union)

Business:

Windows Vista Small Business (Small Business Edition) < /p>

Windows Vista Business [formerly Professional Standard Edition]

Windows Vista Enterprise [formerly Professional Premium]

Windows Vista Business N (Enterprise Edition - Special Edition for Developing Countries and the European Union)

In other words, Winodws Vista is currently divided into 9 versions.

Details of various versions of Windows Vista

These information about various versions come from Microsoft's marketing department.

Windows Starter 2007

Starter does not use the Vista trademark. Vista's famous Aero user interface and DVD authoring features are missing. It has most of the features of Vista Home Basic. It can only run three programs or open three windows at the same time. It can access the Internet but cannot connect to other computers. No login password, and Fast User Switching. Windows Starter 2007 is similar to XP Starter Edition (this product is not sold in China, but this version is available in India).

Windows Vista Home Basic

Windows Vista Home Basic is a simplified Windows Vista operating system, mainly for families with only one computer in the family. It is the most basic product of the Vista product line, and all other versions of Vista are based on it.

It has the following functions: Windows Firewall, Windows Security Center, unlimited network links, parental controls (Parental Controls), anti-virus, spyware, network mapping, search, movie production software MovIE Maker, picture collection folder, Windows Media Player, OutLook Express with RSS support, P2P Messenger, and more.

Like Starter 2007, Home Basic does not have an Aero user interface. Equivalent to the current Windows XP Home Edition.

Windows Vista Home Premium

As an enhanced version of Home, Windows Vista Home Premium includes all the features of Windows Vista Home Basic, including media center and related extended functions (including Cable Card support, Cable Card is a security component equipped with different charging systems of various cable TV operators. Consumers only need to insert this card into the TV at home to watch the cable TV operators provide digital programming), DVD video production, HDTV support, and even DVD Rip. There are also Tablet PC, Mobility Center, and other mobility and presentation features.

In addition, it supports Wi-Fi automatic configuration and roaming, parental monitoring based on multiple computer management, network backup, unlimited Internet access, offline folders, PC-to-PC synchronization, synchronization wizard, etc.

Windows Vista Business

Business is a powerful, trustworthy, and secure operating system for all business people. This version adds the function of adding and managing "domain" and is compatible with other non-Microsoft network protocols (such as Netware, SNMP, etc.), remote desktop, Microsoft Windows Web Server and Encrypted File System. This version is equivalent to Windows XP Pro.

Windows Vista Small Business

As a streamlined version of Business products for small businesses in the non-IT industry, small business has the following functions of business: backup and mirroring support, computer Fax and scanning tools, etc. Microsoft is also planning to add a wizard to this version to help users pay to upgrade to Enterprise or Ultimate. There is no corresponding version in the XP product line.

Windows Vista Enterprise

An enterprise-optimized version. It contains all the features of Windows Vista Pro. It also has its unique features such as Virtual PC, Multilingual User Interface (MUI) and security encryption technology. This version has no corresponding XP version.

Windows Vista Ultimate

Ultimate means the ultimate, the pinnacle. As you may have guessed, this is the most powerful and exciting version of the Vista family. The most powerful operating system for personal computers, optimized for individuals. Windows Vista Ultimate includes all the functions and features of Vista Home Premium and Vista Business.

And there are other features: additional game optimizers, various online services and more.

Microsoft is still considering how to position such an impactful version, and is studying whether to provide Ultimate users with free podcasts, music downloads, movie downloads, entertainment software, after-sales services for enhanced products, and user themes value-added services.

This version is mainly for hardcore computer gamers, hardcore gamers, digital music fanatics and students. It is the most complete version of Windows Vista. Provide the best execution efficiency, the most secure and complete office link. And it is optimized for individual users and includes everything you need and are interested in. It is the most powerful personal computer operating system ever created.

On November 30, 2006, Microsoft released Windows Vista Enterprise Edition globally. On January 30, 2007, after five years of arduous research and development and several "delays", Windows Vista for individual home user groups was also fully launched worldwide.

Installation basic configuration:

CPU: 1.0GHz or higher

Memory: 512MB

DVD drive

Mouse, keyboard

Integrated sound card, integrated graphics card

Monitor, speakers

40GB hard drive

Recommended configuration for installation:

CPU: 3.0GHz or higher and dual-core CPU 1.5GHz or higher

Memory: 1GB

DVD drive

Mouse, keyboard

3D sound card, graphics card supporting 32-bit color

LCD monitor, 3D speaker

80GB hard drive

Windows Server 2008

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 represents the next generation of Windows Server. With Windows Server 2008, IT professionals have greater control over their servers and network infrastructure, allowing them to focus on critical business needs. Windows Server 2008 improves security by hardening the operating system and protecting the network environment. Windows Server 2008 also provides IT professionals with flexibility by accelerating the deployment and maintenance of IT systems, making it easier to consolidate and virtualize servers and applications, and providing intuitive management tools. Windows Server 2008 provides the best foundation for any organization's server and network infrastructure.

Overview

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 is designed to provide organizations with the most efficient platform for virtualizing workloads, supporting applications, and securing networks. It provides a secure, easy-to-manage platform for developing and reliably hosting web applications and services. From workgroups to the data center, Windows Server 2008 delivers exciting and valuable new features that make significant improvements to the base operating system.

Greater Control

With Windows Server 2008, IT professionals have greater control over their servers and network infrastructure so they can focus on critical business needs. Enhanced scripting capabilities and task automation capabilities (such as Windows PowerShell) help IT professionals automate common IT tasks. Role-based installation and management through Server Manager simplifies the task of managing and securing multiple server roles in the enterprise. Server configuration and system information are managed from a centralized location in the new Server Manager console. IT staff can install only the roles and features they need, and wizards automate many of the time-consuming system deployment tasks. Enhanced system management tools, such as Performance and Reliability Monitor, provide information about your system to alert IT staff of potential problems before they occur.

Enhanced protection

Windows Server 2008 provides a series of new and improved security technologies that enhance the protection of the operating system and lay the foundation for enterprise operations and development. A solid foundation. Windows Server 2008 provides security innovations such as PatchGuard that reduce the kernel attack surface, making server environments more secure and stable. Windows Service Hardening helps improve system security by protecting critical server services from unusual activity in the file system, registry, or network. Security in the Windows Server 2008 operating system with Network Access Protection (NAP), Read-Only Domain Controllers (RODC), Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) enhancements, Windows Service Hardening, new two-way Windows Firewall, and next-generation encryption support Sexuality is also enhanced.

Greater Flexibility

Windows Server 2008 is designed to allow administrators to modify their infrastructure to adapt to changing business needs, while maintaining operational flexibility. It allows users to execute programs from remote locations such as remote applications and terminal services gateways, a technology that provides enhanced flexibility for mobile workers. Windows Server 2008 uses Windows Deployment Services (WDS) to accelerate the deployment and maintenance of IT systems and Windows Server Virtualization (WSv) to help consolidate servers. For organizations that need to use domain controllers in branch offices, Windows Server 2008 provides a new configuration option: read-only domain controllers (RODC), which prevents user accounts from being exposed in the event of a security issue with the domain controller.

It will replace Windows Server 2003 SP1

Windows 7

Windows 7? I’m afraid few people have heard of this term. When Windows Vista just came out Microsoft may have quietly changed the naming strategy of its operating system when it opens its doors to consumers who can't wait. According to a report by Microsoft-watch.com a long time ago, the next-generation operating system after Windows Vista is codenamed "Fiji" ( Fiji), but later changed its name to "Vienna" (Vienna). However, according to the latest news, the operating system after Vista will be renamed "Window 7".

This means that Microsoft will abandon the use of year names. Or use special nouns to name the Windows operating system, but return to tradition and directly use the Windows kernel version number. The core version number of Vista is 6.0, and it is natural for the next generation to be called Windows 7.

In In early January, Bill Gates mentioned the design features of the new operating system. Windows 7 will be more modular and more function-based. In general, the next generation of Windows will be more advanced, with service packs and feature packs. Will be released more frequently, and predicts that it will only take 2 to 4 years to meet the world.

In order to avoid diverting public attention from Vista, Microsoft did not reveal too much about the next release. Information about the first generation of Windows, on the other hand, the recently reorganized Windows department is also facing rectification. In any case, we hope that the new operating system can better reflect the consumer-centric characteristics.

Some details may be changed, and some new components may be added, such as the upgrade of IE (guessed that IE8 will be referenced) and more system component changes. Until then we will make a choice.

The original meaning of windows is "window, window". Before the windows system came out, all we saw on the computer were boring subtitle numbers (DOS). The "window" system developed by Bill Gates made us understand Computer applications are more direct, more intimate, and easier to use.