Football is dominated by the feet, but you can also touch the ball with your head, chest and other parts. A sport in which two teams attack and defend in the same field. A wonderful football match attracts thousands of viewers, and it has become an important part of TV programs. Reports on football news occupy the space of various newspapers and periodicals in the world, and today football has become an indispensable part of people's lives. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 8, teams that often participate in competitions in the world, and there are about 4 million registered athletes, including about 1, professional athletes. Fifa approved eligibility criteria: the circumference is between 68.5cm and 69.5cm. Fifa approved eligibility criteria: the weight of football is between 42 and 445g.
Football is highly antagonistic, and the athletes use various actions allowed by the rules in the game, including running, stopping, turning, falling to the ground, jumping, bumping, etc., to compete fiercely with their opponents. The long competition time, large audience and large competition venue are beyond the reach of any other sports. Traditional football consists of 2 hexagons, 12 pentagons and 32 skins. Football matches are divided into eleven-a-side, seven-a-side and five-a-side systems. The age groups are u15,u17,u19 Olympic group, adult group and youth group.
Football is an ancient sport with a long history. It originated from an ancient ball game "Cuju" in China, and later spread to Europe through Arabs, and developed into modern football. So, the hometown of football is China. It is said that the Greeks and Romans had been engaged in a football game before the Middle Ages. On a rectangular court, they put the ball on the white line in the middle and kicked it to the other court with their feet. At that time, they called this game "Haba storm". The origin of modern football is in Britain. It comes from a war between them and Denmark around the 12th century. After the war, the British saw the head of a Danish soldier on the ground. Because Britain hated Danish soldiers very much, they kicked the head. By the early 19th century, football was quite popular in some countries in Europe and Latin America, especially in capitalist Britain. It was not until 1848 that the first written rule of football, Cambridge Rules, was born.
The so-called "Cambridge Rules" are some rules made during the competitions between London, Oxford and Cambridge in England in the early 19th century. At that time, there were 11 people in each team playing. Because there were ten students and a teacher living in each dormitory in the school at that time, they played a dormitory-to-dormitory game with 11 people from each side. The current 11-person football game began at that time. On October 26th, 1863, the British Football Association held a very important meeting in the history of modern football in England. The return of the competition was drafted, but some provisions are far from today's rules. For example, at that time, there was such a rule: when the ball entered between goalposts or crossed the space above, no matter how high it was, as long as it was not thrown, hit or transported by hand, it was counted as winning a ball. At that time, the position and formation of players were also different from today's: each team had a goalkeeper, a defender, an avant-garde and eight forwards. Soon after the rules were made, the formation changed: a goalkeeper, two defenders, three avant-garde and five forwards. So there are eleven players in the last game.
However, numerous data show that the appearance of ancient football in China is earlier than that in Europe, with a longer history. In ancient China, football was called Cuju or Tuju, both of which meant kicking, and Juju was the name of the ball. The word "Cuju" was first recorded in Historical Records, Bielu by Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty and Biography of Mei Cheng by Yan Shizeng in Tang Dynasty. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, "Cuju" was very popular and became an elegant activity in the court. In July 1958, when Dr. Havelange, former president of FIFA, came to China, he said: Football originated in China. Of course, due to the limitation of feudal society, the ancient cuju activity in China did not develop into a modern football sport based on the principle of "fair competition". This qualitative leap was made in capitalist Britain.
The Han and Tang Dynasties were the most prosperous periods for the development of ancient football in China, which developed into a direct confrontation competition. In the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-97), the ball used in cuju was changed from being filled with hair to being blown by the mouth, and at the same time, two goals were used instead of the "bow room". By the Song Dynasty (AD 96-1279), Cuju had developed double-goal and single-goal competitions, and there were club organizations called Qiyun Club or Round Club, and the ball used was blown by people's mouths, and it was inflated by a pump, which was more and more close to modern football. Cuju was a means of training soldiers in Han Dynasty, and a relatively complete system was established. If the court is specially set up, it is defined as a rectangle in the east-west direction, with six symmetrical "bow areas" at both ends, also known as "bow rooms", each guarded by one person. There is a fence around the site. The game is divided into two teams, each with its own offense and defense, and the outcome is determined by the number of kicks into the opponent's bow room.
after the initial popularity in Han dynasty, cuju activities reached a climax in Tang and Song dynasties, and even the kicking method according to the position on the field appeared. There have been many forms of cuju in the Tang Dynasty, such as "hitting the bow" with the number of times of topping the ball, "playing in vain" with a net hanging in the middle of the field, "jumping the bow" with many people participating in the fight, and the game of setting up a goal. In this way, each team has a certain number of people and a fixed position, and it is stipulated that players can only kick in their own positions and cannot move.
In early p>24, FIFA confirmed that football originated in China, and Cuju was the earliest football activity recorded in historical materials. "Warring States Policy" and "Historical Records" are the earliest records of Cuju. The former describes that Cuju activities were popular in Linzi (now Linzi, Shandong Province), the capital of the State of Qi, more than 2,3 years ago, while the latter records that Cuju was the world's best way to train soldiers and examine the physique of soldiers at that time ("It's impossible to stumble, so it's also possible to practice samurai, so you have knowledge and materials").
the word "cuju" was first recorded in biographies of Su Qin in Historical Records. When Su Qin lobbied Qi Xuanwang, he described Linzi: "Linzi is very rich and practical, and its people are all those who blow sticks, drum instruments and bow. "Kick" means "kick", which means kicking. "Bow", the ball, is the ancient football. There are records about Cuju in Xijing Miscellany, Salt and Iron Theory, Cuju New Book and Liuxiang Bielu in Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the habit of cuju was still popular. In the Tang Dynasty, cuju was still a very common sport, and Du Fu said in a poem, "Ten years' bird's-eye view of the bow will make you far away, and Wan Li's swing customs are the same.". However, it has made great progress. There are three main points:
(1) With an inflatable ball, it is recorded in The Factual Garden of Song Dynasty: "Yan Shigu noted that Huo Qubing kicked Ju Yun in the bud field:' The bow is made of skin, but it is really hairy, and it is also a play.' Yan said that the bow was so, and it was different in the late Tang Dynasty. "Xu Jian's" Beginners ":"Today Cuju said to play the ball. In ancient times, it was made of wool fibers, but now it is made of skin, and it is achieved by taking the cell as the inside. "
(2) The goal was set up: "Literature General Examination" "Cuqiu Gai began in the Tang Dynasty, and it was planted with two bamboos, several feet high, and the net was wound on it to measure the ball for the door; The goal is about two points, and the winner is won by the corner. Isn't it a change of time? "
(3) There are various kicking methods: double goal kicking method: it is recorded in the Balloon Fu written by Zhong Wuyan in the Tang Dynasty. One-goal kicking: A glimpse can be found in Cuju Atlas. Kicking without goal: one or several people kick alone, which is called bowing; The two of them kicked in vain; Kicking with more than three people is called a field household, such as a three-person field household and a four-person field household.
Xiang Chu was the first recorded fan in the Western Han Dynasty, but his experience was unfortunate. Biography of Bian Que Cang Gong in Historical Records records that Chunyu Yi, a famous doctor, saw a doctor for Xiang Chu and told him not to be overworked, but Xiang Chu refused to listen and still went out to play football, resulting in hematemesis and death, which also made Xiang Chu the first fanatical "fan" in the world.
The Old Story of Wulin in the Southern Song Dynasty once listed the names and positions of the two teams in the "Thirty-two Players Building Ball" competition: "Zuo Jun has sixteen players: Zhang Jun with the ball head, Wang Lian with the teetering ball, Zhu Xuan with Zheng, Shi Ze with the head, Ding Quan with the left pole net, Zhang Lin with the right pole net, and Hu Chun with San Li, etc.; There are sixteen people in the right army: Li Zheng, Zhu Zhen, Zhu Xuan, Zhang Ning, Xu Bin, Wang Yong, and Jun Chen. This is probably the first football "starting list" in history.
In 37 BC, that is, during the Warring States period, King Wuling of Zhao reformed and carried out "riding and shooting with hufu", and the people of Zhao learned to ride horses and shoot arrows. Zhao Wang often takes his cronies out of the city on horseback, which is very imposing. One day, when I came to a forest, I saw several rabbits in the forest. As soon as the king opened his mouth, he "caught them alive", so he divided his troops into four roads and caught them together. I didn't want to be frightened. The rabbits rushed about and fled from the flat seam of the horses, but found nothing. Everyone shook their heads and sighed. A counselor suddenly brightened up at the moment and came forward to offer a suggestion, "Your Majesty, this kind of containment is very interesting. We might as well use a ball instead of a rabbit and play it every day without leaving the palace." "Good idea" Wang Dajia praised "I'll leave this matter to you in charge". Thus, football was born in China. But at that time, it was still riding on a horse, which was called "Cuju".
in the Han dynasty, there was a football field dedicated to competitions, which was called "Jucheng". Jucheng was rectangular, with six courtrooms at each end, which were in the shape of a moon hole and symmetrical to each other, and the venue was surrounded by walls. The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period of Cuju activities. During this period, not only did it develop greatly, but football began to be exported to the outside world, and the first place to land was Britain. Cuju was originally exported as a complete product, but because the traffic was underdeveloped and the means of transportation was very backward at that time, after months of long journey, when Cuju arrived in England, the horse was exhausted and only one ball was left. However, it is such a ball that Britain still regards as a treasure, which is only an exclusive activity of the royal family, and it is forbidden for the people to enjoy this kind of entertainment. In the 11th century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the English were digging a battlefield, they accidentally dug up the skulls of several Danes. Thinking of the sins of the Danish invasion, these English people were extremely angry. They lifted their feet and kicked hard at the skull to relieve their anger, and they felt quite happy to play football. As a result, more and more English people who dug the battlefield took part in the "ball" kicking, and a group of children kicked it when they saw it. However, they found that the skull hurts when they kicked it, so they replaced it with cow bladder blowing-this is the birth of modern football. This patriotic act touched the king of England. In order to reward the people, the king of England ordered the royal football to be open to the people. Soon, football spread among the people and became a popular sports and entertainment activity. At the beginning of the 12th century, there was a football match in England. Competition is an entertainment activity, twice a year, usually held between two cities. The host threw the ball into the air and the game started. Both sides will rush together, shouting, kicking and hugging. Which side can kick the ball into the downtown area of the other side will be the winner. If the ball rushes into a resident's house halfway, the athletes will rush in and disrupt the kick, often smashing the things in the house, and the owner has to sigh for his bad luck. Pedestrians on the road will suffer a flying disaster when they touch the ball and roll. Therefore, at that time, when the game came, people had to avoid disaster and close their doors until the game was over. Such a football match was strongly opposed by the public, and the British government issued a ban: it was stipulated that football matches should be played in open spaces, and those who entered downtown areas were severely punished, so special football fields appeared. On October 26th, 1863, the English Football Association, the first football organization in the world, was established in London, and the rules were unified, and modern football was formally established.
In ancient China, kicking the ball with feet was called "Cuju". As early as more than 2, years ago, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was the game of Cuju. In the Western Han Dynasty, Jucheng was built for competition. The Tang Dynasty was the prosperous period of Cuju activities, in which the ball filled with air replaced the ball filled with hair in the past, called "air blanket", and the goal replaced the bow room. In the west, after the 1th century, some countries, such as France, Italy and Britain, had football games. By the end of 15th century, it was called "football", and then it gradually developed into modern football. On October 26th, 1863, the British established the first football organization in the world-the British Football Association, and unified the rules of football. People called this day the birth day of modern football. There are 14 football rules made this time, which are the basis of today's football rules. Since the second Olympic Games in 19, football has been listed as an official Olympic event, but it is not allowed for professional athletes to participate. On May 21st, 194, FIFA was founded in Paris. Since 193, the World Football Championship (also known as the World Cup) has been held every four years, and the restrictions on professional athletes have been lifted. Since then, modern football has developed day by day.
In medieval England, football became a keen activity for many young people. They chase the ball in the narrow street and often kick it to the windows of people on the street. So the king of England had to ban playing football. From the 12th century to the 16th century, the king of England issued a "football ban" four times. However, due to the special charm of football, the ban failed to make it die.
In p>1835, the first football club in the world was established in Sheffield, England. In 1863, the first football association was established in England. From then on, organized football under certain rules began to spread all over Europe and the world from Britain. At the end of 19th century, football was quite popular in western European countries. In the first Olympic Games in 1896, football was listed as one of the events. As a result, Denmark beat Greece 9- and became the first champion of the Olympic football competition.
In p>194, the football associations of Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland established the International Football Federation in France, and elected Frenchman Ge Lan as the first FIFA World Cup President in South Africa in 21.
first, the essence of sports: football itself embodies the characteristics of human sports, and the sudden start between athletes is like a sprint; Goalkeepers jump up and down, jump sideways, just like jumping events; Those athletes with good flexibility hang a gold hook upside down and jump to the top, like gymnastics; The reasonable collision between two players is a bit like the expressive power and beauty of football ...
Second, popularization: the low requirements of football for participants are an important reason. Players who play football don't have a big problem of being tall or thin, unlike other sports. For example, in football, the small ones will definitely suffer big losses; Basketball is the world of "long people". Football, on the other hand, provides all the children in the world with the opportunity to have a "superstar dream".
third, unpredictability: the contingency of the results of football matches is an important reason for the fanaticism of fans all over the world. Because in the football world, there is no absolute strong team. Liverpool may be "knocked down" by an unknown second-division team or even an amateur team. The Brazilian team piled up by the stars used to