Queen
Imperial Concubine
Imperial Concubine
The first product: Concubine Hui, Concubine Shu, Concubine De, Concubine Xian, Concubine Chen and Concubine Zhuang
From the first rank: Madam
From the first rank: Concubine
From the second rank: Noble Concubine
From the second rank: Zhaoyi, Zhaoyuan, Zhaorong, Zhaohua
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The third rank of concubine: Jieyu
The fourth rank of concubine: Guiyi
The fourth rank of concubine: Shunyi Shunyuan Shunrong Shunhua
Concubine The fourth rank: Chongyi, Chongyuan, Chongrong, Chonghua
The fifth rank: Ji
The fifth rank: Ronghua, Wanrong
The fifth rank: Wanyi Fangyi, Fenyi, Deyi, Xianyi, Weiyi
The sixth rank: Concubine
The sixth rank: Liangyuan Liangdi
The sixth rank: Xiaoyi, Xiaoyi Yuan
The seventh rank: a noble person
The seventh rank: a beautiful person and a good person
The seventh rank: always there
The eighth rank : Choosing an Attendant
From the Eighth Rank: Lady's Dance to the River
The Eighth Rank of the Commoner: Baolin Yuling
The Ninth Rank: Fragrant and Soft
< p> From the ninth rank: Shun Chang ShunchengFrom the ninth rank: Chenghui Lierong
From the tenth rank: Royal women pick girls
From the tenth rank: Promise
The tenth rank of a concubine: wearing clothes, carrying clothes and using swords to change clothes
1. Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties
1. Zhou Dynasty
During the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor was called the king and his wife was called the queen.
The king has one concubine, three wives, nine concubines, twenty-seven generations of wives, and eighty-one female emperors.
The queen is in the palace, and the king is in the same body;
The lady sits and discusses the etiquette of women;
The nine concubines teach the four virtues;
The world The wife is in charge of funerals, sacrifices, and guests;
The female royal preface goes to the king's bed in Yan.
2. Qin Dynasty
Qin Shihuang unified the world and established the title of emperor and queen.
The emperor’s grandmother is called the empress dowager, the emperor’s mother is called the empress dowager, and his direct wife is called the empress. All concubines are called madam.
3. Western Han Dynasty
In the early Western Han Dynasty, the title of Queen Mother was inherited from the Qin Dynasty. The titles of concubines such as Beauty, Beloved, Eighth Son, Seventh Son, Long Envoy, and Young Envoy were also set up.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Jieyu, Ao'e, Huanhua and Chongyi were added.
Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty established Zhaoyi again.
The level of concubines has been expanded to fourteenth level. And each has a title:
Zhaoyi's position is regarded as the prime minister, and his title is compared with the princes and kings.
Jieyu regards Shangqing as a prince.
Suo'e saw two thousand stones, which were more powerful than those of the Marquis of Guannei.
Huan Hua regards the two thousand stones as the most powerful ones.
A beautiful woman regards two thousand stones as less than a thousand stones.
The Eight Sons regard a thousand stones as the most powerful.
Chongyi looks at thousands of stones, more than Zuo.
The Seventh Son counts eight hundred stones, which is longer than the right concubine.
A good man values ??eight hundred stones, which is longer than Zuo Shu.
The chief envoy regards six hundred stones as more than five doctors.
A young envoy would value four hundred stones, which is better than a public chariot.
The five senses are worth three hundred stones.
Two hundred stones are regarded as normal.
Wu Juan, ***he, Yuling, Baolin, good envoy, and night all regard hundreds of stones.
The sons of the Shang family and the middle family regarded them as fighting for their salaries.
Below the five senses, he was buried outside Sima Gate.
During the Han Dynasty, only the queens of previous dynasties could be honored as empress dowagers. If the successor emperor is born from a concubine or adopted from the royal family, his biological mother cannot be called the (emperor) queen mother. But there are some exceptions. For example, Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty was the adoptive son of a prince. His grandmother Fu Zhaoyi was revered as the emperor's wife and empress, and his biological mother Ding Ji was revered as the emperor's empress dowager.
In addition, Wang Zhengjun, the mother of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, who was already revered as the empress dowager, and Zhao Feiyan, the empress of Emperor Cheng, who was already the empress dowager, had a strange scene of four empress dowagers standing side by side in the palace.
4. Wang Mang’s New Dynasty
During Wang Mang’s New Dynasty, people pursued retro style and various names emerged in endlessly. He abandoned the titles of concubines in the Han Dynasty and imitated the pre-Qin period, creating his own titles such as He, Concubine, Mei, and Yu.
There are three people, nine concubines, twenty-seven beauties, and eighty-one imperial concubines.
5. Eastern Han Dynasty
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty founded the country, eliminating complexity and simplifying it. There were four levels of titles for concubines: nobles, beauties, court ladies, and maidens.
The nobleman awarded him a golden seal and purple ribbon, and his salary was dozens of dendrobiums of millet. Beauties, court ladies, and beauties do not have titles or salaries.
It is worth mentioning that during the Western Han Dynasty, the wife of the princes and kings was called the queen, and the mother was called the queen mother. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, as the fiefdoms of princes and kings gradually shrank, the queen was renamed the princess, and the queen mother was renamed the princess.
In the Han Dynasty, the wives and concubines of princes were divided into three classes. The principal wife was called concubine, and the concubines were called Liangdi and Ruzi.
The Second and Three Kingdoms, the Two Jins, the Southern and Northern Dynasties
1. The Three Kingdoms
(1) Wei
When Cao Cao was the king of Wei, under the queen There are five levels of titles for concubines: Madam, Zhaoyi, Jiedan, Ronghua, and Beauty.
Emperor Wen Cao Pi added five concubines, including Guifei, Shuyuan, Xiurong, Shuncheng and Liangren.
Emperor Ming Cao Rui added Shufei, Zhaohua, and Xiuyi to the third rank, and abolished the title Shuncheng. < /p>
Shuyuan's position is regarded as the censor's official, and his title is compared to the county prince;
Zhaoyi is compared to the county prince;
Zhaohua is compared to the township prince;
< p> His appearance is better than that of Tinghou;His appearance is better than that of Guan Neihou;
Jiedan sees the two thousand stone salary;
Rong Hua sees the true two thousand A salary of one stone;
A beauty is worth two thousand stone;
A good man is worth a thousand stone.
(2) Wu and Shu
The historical data of Wu and Shu are unknown.
There is a nobleman and Zhaoyi in Shu, a lady and a beauty in Wu, and the rest are unknown.
2. The Two Jin Dynasties
The concubine levels during the Two Jin Dynasties were slightly modified by Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, based on the system of Han and Wei Dynasties.
Suppose there are three ladies: noble concubine, madam, and noble lady. The position is regarded as the Three Lords.
Nine concubines: Shufei, Shuyuan, Shuyi, Xiuhua, Xiurong, Xiuyi, Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua. The position is Jiuqing.
Others include: beautiful people, talented people, and middle-aged people. Jue is worth less than a thousand stones.
3. Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the titles of concubines increased and decreased.
(1) Southern Dynasties
(a) Song Dynasty
At the beginning of the founding of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty abolished the titles of talented people and middle talented people, and the rest still used the Jin system.
In the third year of Emperor Xiaojian's reign, the title of concubine was abolished and the title of concubine was created. The concubines, concubines and concubines were the three wives. Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, and Zhaohua were used to replace Xiuhua, Xiuyi, and Xiurong among the nine concubines, and Zhongcairen and Chongyi were re-established. The position of a noble concubine is compared to that of a prime minister, a noble concubine is compared to a prime minister, and a noble person is compared to the three ministers (Sima, Situ, and Sikong).
In the second year of Emperor Ming's reign, the titles Shufei, Zhaohua, Zhongcairen, and Chongyi were abolished, and the titles Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Cairen, and Liangren were re-established. In the third year of Taishi, the nobles were abolished and replaced by the newly established noble concubines; Zhaohua was reinstalled and Shurong, Chenghui, and Lierong were added.
The levels of concubines are:
The third lady: noble concubine, noble concubine, noble concubine.
Nine concubines: Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shurong, Zhaohua, Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong.
The titles followed by the nine concubines: Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Chenghui, and Lierong.
Casual servant: beauty, talent, good person.
(b) Qi
In the first year of the founding of the Qi Dynasty, Emperor Gao of Qi set up the concubines, wives, and nobles as the three wives, Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Shufei, and Shuyuan. , Shuyi, Jieyu, Ronghua, and Chonghua are the nine concubines. The beautiful people, the middle-class people, and the talented people are all absent from their posts.
In the first year of Yongming, the imperial concubines, concubines, and noble concubines were designated as the three wives, and the title of madam was abolished. Because one of the nine concubines is missing, the number of Zhaorong will increase in the seventh year of Yongming.
The prince's concubines are divided into three classes: Liangdi, Baolin, and Cairen. Liangdi is compared to the founding prince, Baolin is compared to the fifth-level princes, and talented people are compared to the Prince-in-law and Commander-in-Chief.
(c) Liang
The three ladies: the noble concubine, the noble concubine, and the noble concubine.
Nine concubines: Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shurong, Zhaohua, Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong.
Nine concubines below: Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Chenghui, Lierong.
Others include: beauty, talent, and good person.
Prince’s concubines: Liangdi and Baolin.
(d) Chen
Chen followed the Liang system.
(4) Northern Dynasties
(a) Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, and Western Wei
The titles of concubines include Zuo Zhaoyi, You Zhaoyi, Third Lady, and Nine Concubines (Shang Concubine) and concubines), wives of the world, and royal daughters.
The Zhaoyi position on the left and right looks upon the Grand Sima, the three wives look upon the Three Dukes, the three concubines above look upon the three ministers, the sixth concubines below look upon the six ministers, the ladies of the world look upon the great ministers, and the concubines look upon the noble men.
Later, female officials were appointed to take charge of internal affairs. The internal affairs department is like the minister's orders and servants.
Second rank: chief supervisor, eunuch, and maid.
The third rank: prison, female minister, beauty, female historian, female sage, female scholar, female scholar, and little scholar.
Four grades: middle-class talents, donors, middle-class envoys, talented girls, and respectful envoys.
Five categories: Tsing Yi, female wine, female food, female food, and female slaves who ridicule officials.
(b) Northern Qi
The only titles for the concubines of Emperors Wenxuan and Xiaozhao were madam, concubine, and imperial concubine.
Emperor Wu Cheng was lustful and kept many concubines. During the Qinghe period, according to the ancient system, there were three wives, nine concubines, twenty-seven wives, and eighty-one royal daughters. The titles of concubines are:
Left and right Zhaoyi, compared to the prime minister.
The three ladies: Hongde, Zhengde and Chongde. Than Sangong.
Nine concubines: Upper concubines: Guangyou, Zhaoxun, and Longhui. Compared with Sanqing. Concubines: Xuanhui, Ninghui, Xuanming, Shunhua, Ninghua, Guangxun. Compared with Liuqing.
Twenty-seventh wife: Zhenghua, Lingzi, Xiuxun, Yaoyi, Mingshu, Fanghua, Jingwan, Zhaohua, Guangzheng, Zhaoning, Zhenfan, Honghui, Hede, Hongyou, Maoguang, Mingxin, Jingxun, Yaode, Guangxun, Huifan, Jingxun, Fangyou, Wanhua, Mingfan, Yanyi, Huize, Jingxin. Than from the third grade.
Eighty-one royal ladies: Mu Guang, Maode, Zhenyi, Yaoguang, Zhenning, Guangfan, Lingyi, Neifan, Mugui, Wande, Mingwan, Yanwan, Miaofan , Huizhang, Jingmao, Jingsu, Qiongzhang, Muhua, Shenyi, Miaoyi, Mingyi, Chongming, Lize, Wanyi, Pengyuan, Xiuxian, Xiujing, Hongshen, Yanguang, Yirong , Huishu, Xiuyi, Fangwan, Zhenshen, Mingyan, Zhenmu, Xiufan, Surong, Maoyi, Yingshu, Hongyan, Zhengxin, Ningwan, Yingfan, Huaishun, Xiuyuan, Liangze, Yaozhang, Xuncheng, Runyi, Ningxun, Shuyi, Rouze, Muyi, Xiuli, Zhaoshen, Zhenyuan, Sugui, Jingshun, Rouhua, Zhaoshun, Jingning, Mingxun, Hongyi , Reverence, Xiujing, Chengxian, Zhaorong, Liyi, Xianhua, Sirou, Yuanguang, Huaide, Liangyuan, Shuyi, Maofan, Liangxin, Yanhua, Hui'e, Suyi, Miaozhe. Better than the fourth grade.
Serial number: talented person, talented woman.
After that, two more queens were established, and the number of concubines was doubled. He also appointed Zuo Eying and You Eying to compare with the left and right prime ministers, and sent down Zhaoyi to compare with the two officials. Soon, Concubine Shu was appointed as Prime Minister.
(c) Northern Zhou Dynasty
The historical data of Northern Zhou Dynasty are unknown.
3. Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Jin and Liao Periods
1. Sui Dynasty
In the early period of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Empress Dugu was fiercely jealous, and the concubines were just false titles. There are:
Three concubines. He is responsible for teaching the four virtues and respecting the three virtues.
Nine members of the world’s women. In charge of guest sacrifices, it is regarded as the fifth grade.
Thirty-eight female members. The palm girl's skill is silk, which is regarded as the seventh level.
Liu Shang, Liu Si and Liu Dian were also set up to supervise each other to control the affairs of the palace.
Shang Gong, in charge of guiding the queen and the boudoir to give gifts. There are three people in charge of the commander, who are in charge of drawings, books, and French instruments, and they are responsible for patrolling and reciting music; there are three people who are in charge of conducting congs and seals.
Shangyi, in charge of etiquette teaching. There are three people in charge of Guan Si Yue, who are in charge of music and music; three people in charge of Dian Pian, who are in charge of guiding the internal and external women to attend court.
Shang Fu, hold the treasure of Fu Zhang. There are three people in Guansi decoration, holding hairpins and flowers; there are three people in Dianzhu, holding scarves, combs and anointing.
If you still want to eat, eat it first when you put it into your palm. There are three people in charge of the medical department, who are in charge of medicine and divination; three people are in charge of the utensils, and they are in charge of bottles and Yi utensils.
Shang sleeps, holding curtains, tents and mattresses. There are three people in charge of the banquet, and they are in charge of spreading and sweeping; there are three people in charge of the ceremony, and they are in charge of fans, umbrellas, lights, and candles.
Shang Gong, in charge of building hundreds of services. There are three people in charge of the department, in charge of clothing and tailoring; three people in charge of the ceremony, in charge of money and silk.
Three members of each of the six ministers are regarded as the ninth grade, the six ministers are regarded as the honorary ones, and the six canon are regarded as the second rank.
After the death of Queen Dugu, Emperor Wen appointed three more noble concubines, increasing the number of concubines to nine, the number of concubines to 27, and the number of concubines to 81.
After Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he appointed many concubines:
Three ladies: noble concubine, Shu concubine and virtuous concubine. Genuine product.
Jiubin: Shunyi, Shunrong, Shunhua, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Xiuhua, Chongyi, Chongrong, Chonghua. Genuine second grade.
Jieyu, twelve members. Genuine third grade.
Housewives: Fifteen beauties and talented people, the fourth grade.
Baolin: Twenty members, fifth grade.
Imperial Girl: Twenty-four members, sixth grade.
Nvyu: Cainv, thirty-seven members. The seventh grade.
There are a total of one hundred and twenty people at each of the above levels.
There are also people with clothes and swords, all of whom are waiting on the left and right. There are not many people, and they are considered to be below the sixth grade.
Female officials were also added, and the Ministry of Secretariat was planned, with six bureaus in charge of twenty-four divisions.
The Shang Palace Bureau is in charge of the Secretary Yan and is in charge of publicity and memorials; the Secretary Book is in charge of registering and accounting; the Secretary Zheng is in charge of the form and punishment; the Secretary Wei is in charge of the pavilions and palaces.
The Bureau of Shangfu is in charge of the seals, and is in charge of Congxi, seals, and festivals; the Secretary of Yi is in charge of clothes; the Secretary of Decorations is in charge of playing with soup, towels, and turbans; the Secretary of War is in charge of guard weapons.
The Shangshi Bureau is in charge of the food department, and is in charge of food and shame; the Secretary of Ying is in charge of wine and glutinous rice; the Secretary of Medicine is in charge of medicines for medicine and witchcraft; the Secretary of Yi is in charge of making firewood and charcoal.
The Shang sleeping bureau is in charge of the department's establishment, and it is in charge of beds, mats, curtains, and sweeping; the Si Yu is in charge of the chariot, umbrellas, fans, and feather rituals; the Si Yuan is in charge of the garden and the planting of vegetables and fruits; The lantern driver holds the candle.
The Shanggong Bureau is in charge of the system and tailoring; the Secretary of Bao is in charge of gold, jade, pearls, money and goods; the Secretary of Cai is in charge of silk and silk; the Secretary of Weaving is in charge of weaving and dyeing.
Among the six ministers, Si Yue and Si Shan have four people each, and the other twenty-two departments have two people each. Each department is divided into dians and palms to carry out their duties. There are ten people in the sixth grade, from the fifth grade. There are twenty-eight people in the department, from the sixth grade. There are twenty-eight people in the code, starting from the seventh grade. Palm twenty-eight people, from the ninth rank.
In addition, there are also unclassified female historians, the number of which is uncertain.
2. Tang
At the beginning of the founding of the Tang Dynasty, the old system of the Sui Dynasty was followed:
Madam: noble concubine, Shu concubine, virtuous concubine, and virtuous concubine. Genuine product.
Jiubin: Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Zhaoyuan, Xiuyi, Xiurong, Xiuyuan, Chongyi, Chongrong, Chongyuan. Genuine second grade.
There are nine Jieyu people, the third grade.
There are nine beauties, the fourth grade.
There are nine talented people, with five grades.
There are twenty-seven people in Baolin, the sixth grade.
There are twenty-seven imperial ladies, of the seventh rank.
Twenty-seven women were selected, and they were of the eighth grade.
There are also six departments responsible for the carriage, horse and clothing in the palace.
During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the titles of concubines were changed:
The three ladies: Concubine Hui, Concubine Li, and Concubine Hua. Genuine product.
There are six people in Fangyi. Genuine second grade.
Four beauties. It is the third grade.
Seven talented people.
It is the fourth grade.
There are two people each, Shang Gong, Shang Yi, and Shang Fu. Positive fifth grade.
The remaining female officials in various departments and departments are from the sixth to ninth grades.
The Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty, and Liao Dynasty were all based on the Tang system.
3. Jin
In the early days of the founding of the Jin Dynasty, the concubines had no titles.
During the reign of Jin Xizong, there were titles such as noble concubine, virtuous concubine and virtuous concubine.
During the period of the deposed Emperor Hailing King, there were more and more concubines in the harem, including: Yuanfei, Shufei, Huifei, Guifei, Xianfei, Chenfei, Lifei, Shufei, Defei, Zhaofei , Concubine Wen, Concubine Rou, the first twelve.
During the reign of Jin Shizong, cuts began again.
Concubine grades: All concubines regard the first-class concubines as superior to the third-class concubines. The following nine concubines, Jieyu, beauty, etc. are all the same as those in the early Tang Dynasty.
The historical data of the Yuan Dynasty are unknown.
4. Ming and Qing Dynasties
1. Ming Dynasty
In the fifth year of Hongwu, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, due to the excessive number of female officials in the Six Bureaus and Twenty-four Divisions since the Tang Dynasty, So it was changed to six bureaus and one division.
The six rounds are: Shang Gong, Shang Yi, Shang Fu, Shang Food, Shang Sleep and Shang Gong. Shang Gong is in charge of the affairs of the Sixth Bureau.
The first division is: Gong Zheng. In charge of commandments and punishments.
The grades are all of the sixth grade.
There are 75 female officials and 18 female historians in the palace, which is more than 140 fewer than the Tang Dynasty.
The titles of the concubines are: Xian, Shu, Zhuang, Jing, Hui, Shun, Kang and Ning. There are also noble concubines, who are above the other concubines. The title of a harem without concubines. From the concubine, there are various concubines, and they are named Jieyu, Zhaoyi, Guiren, and Meiren.
During the restoration of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, thanks to the efforts of the Empress Dowager Sun, she was given the title of Empress Dowager Shenglie Cishou after her restoration. This is the origin of the emblem that later generations frequently gave to their mothers.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the highest level of concubines appeared - imperial concubines.
Concubine Wan Guifei, the favorite concubine of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, was posthumously given the title of Concubine Gongsu Duan Shenrong Jinghuang after her death.
The title of imperial concubine officially appeared during the Ming Shenzong period. Shenzong’s favorite concubine Zheng Guifei was promoted to imperial concubine after giving birth to the emperor’s third son.
On March 2, the 10th year of Jiajing, Emperor Jiajing followed the ancient rituals and selected the nine concubines, including Fang (Queen Xiaolie Fang), Zheng, Wang, Yan (Yan Guifei), Wei The names of the concubine, the concubine Shen, the concubine Lu, the concubine Shen, and the concubine Du (the Empress Dowager Xiao Ke and Du) were listed as De concubine, Xian concubine, Zhuang concubine, Li concubine, Hui concubine, An concubine, He concubine, Xi concubine, and Kang concubine. The crown is made of nine Zhai crowns, the robes are made of large-scale bows, the gui is made of jade and grain inscriptions, the book is painted with gold, and the queen is regarded as reduced by one-fifth. Emperor Gong crowned himself and sued the Ancestral Temple. He also served as Pi Bian, and passed on the royal palace to the imperial palace, and sent ministers to perform the ceremony. After the canonization, the concubine followed the queen to the Fengxian Hall to worship. After the ceremony was completed, the emperor took Pi Bian's uniform and accepted the congratulations from all the officials. The etiquette of concubine registration was thus formed.
2. Qing Dynasty
In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty adopted the suggestions of the etiquette officials:
The Qianqing Palace had a wife, Shuyi, Wan There are six attendants, thirty each for Rouwan and Fangwan;
Cining Palace has one Zhenrong and two Shenrong, and the number of diligent attendants is uncertain;
The setting of female officials follows the Ming Dynasty There are six bureaus and one division.
The recommendation was approved but not implemented.
After Emperor Kangxi, the Holy Ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, the hierarchy of concubines was reformulated and implemented.
The queen, one, lives in the middle palace.
The imperial concubine, one.
Noble concubine, two names.
Concubines, four.
Concubines, six.
Noble people, always present, promised, the number is uncertain.
The concubines lived in the twelve palaces in the east and west respectively.