"Shaoxing Sanwu" is also known as "Sanwu Culture". This name has a long history. It is a product with local characteristics of Shaoxing. The three specifically referred to are: Wugancai, Wugancai, and Wugancai.
1. Wugancai - Wuganlai is also called moldy dried vegetable, because Because of its black color, it is called Wugancai. It is generally made from pickled mustard greens, cabbage and rapeseed that have not yet bolted, and then dried in the sun. This dish is delicious and appetizing. It can be used as soup to accompany meals in summer. It also has the effect of relieving heatstroke and preventing sunburn. It is said that dried vegetables that have been aged for many years are more effective. Wugan vegetables and mild bamboo shoots are processed and called "dried bamboo shoots", and some are also called "dried bamboo shoots". Steaming pork with it is a typical Shaoxing hometown dish - "Steamed Pork with Molded Dried Vegetables", which the locals call It is called "dried vegetables next to pork". The meat of this dish is red and bright, oily but not greasy. The dish contains meat oil, and the meat is fragrant. The more it is steamed, the waxier it becomes, and its taste is very fresh. It is said that this cuisine was created by Xu Wenchang in the Ming Dynasty.
2. Black felt hat - This hat is named after its black color, round top and rolled edges. The raw material used is pure wool, and the dyeing, drying, trimming and other techniques are very particular. The production process is complicated and requires more than thirty steps. It has many uses such as heat insulation, warmth preservation, cold protection, rain protection, shade, cushioning, trauma prevention, and moisture resistance. In the past, men in small towns and rural areas loved to wear this hat. They wore it for coolness in summer and hotness in winter. It could be used as a straw hat or a hat, and could be worn all year round, so it became a Shaoxing place. A unique piece of daily necessities has also become an obvious symbol of Shaoxing people. Because of this, in the past, if you went out to Hangzhou, Shanghai and other places wearing a felt hat, people would say that you came from Shaoxing. It has always been regarded as a symbol of Shaoxing people. In the old days, the hat-making industry in Shaoxing was mainly "felt hat workshops" that made black felt hats. Each "felt hat workshop" hung a portrait of a tiger with teeth and claws, which was regarded as the "Felt Hat Workshop". Grandmaster". The trademark of black felt hat also uses tiger pattern. Why does the felt hat workshop call the tiger its ancestor? Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a hunter who tracked a wounded tiger and went straight to the tiger's den. In the tiger's den, he found that the tiger was sleeping on a soft piece of felt shaped like a pancake. It was strange. It turned out that the tiger usually used the animal hair to pad its sleeping nest after eating other wild animals. After being crushed by the tiger's body, over time, it was pressed into a felt. So the hunter took this piece of felt home, washed it, dried it, and after a little processing, he wore it as a hat. It was warm in winter and cool in summer, and it was not blown by the wind, did not get wet in the rain, and was very comfortable to wear. Interested people were inspired by it and made felt from wool as raw material, and then used this felt to make "black felt hats". They were loved by local farmers, fishermen and mountain people in Shaoxing and became fashionable for a while. So, the felt hat workshop They have sprung up like bamboo shoots after a rain and become an industry in Shaoxing.
Nowadays, this kind of felt hat workshops are rare, but old farmers, fishermen, and mountain people still like to wear them.
3. Wu-Peng Boat - This kind of wooden boat has a smaller hull. The awning is made of bamboo, with a bamboo basket sandwiched in the middle. It is in the shape of a semicircle and is painted black with bituminous coal and tung. This is how the boat got its name. name.
The awning boat is a unique, dexterous, water vehicle in the water town, which can generally accommodate four to six passengers. Its power is driven by the boatman (boatman) using his feet to push the oars, and the ship's course is controlled by paddling or holding it under the arm as a rudder. When the boat was moving, the boat owner used his hands and feet, and the boat's hull floated lightly on the lake. In addition to the small awning boats, there is also a large awning boat in Shaoxing (the number of such boats is very small). The hull of this boat is carved with various patterns and patterns, and the animal kite with a tiger head is carved on the bow. (a bird mentioned in ancient books). The kite lives in the sea and is addicted to dragons. Dragons will avoid it when they see it, so boatmen carve its image on the bow of the boat to prevent the dragon from causing trouble and to ensure safe sailing. This kind of big awning boat has a tall hull, a canopy high enough for people to stand upright, and a cabin wide enough to put tables and chairs for people to play cards, have banquets, watch theater, etc. There are two oars at the stern (there are also four to eight oars commonly known as four Tatou, Badatou), which have faster speeds and are specially used by a small number of officials and wealthy families for sightseeing, tomb sweeping, wedding reception, and theater viewing.
On the rippling blue waves and beautiful scenery of Jianxun Water, you can often see small boats with black canopies, like mullet swimming slowly.
The boatman who was driving the boat sat at the stern, leaning against an upright wooden board, holding an oar under his left arm, cutting the water to steer the direction, and pedaling the "paddle" by bending and extending his feet. At the same time, on the extremely narrow side of the boat, there was a plate of tonka beans and other delicacies for drinking. He held a small wine bottle in his right hand, took a sip of rice wine, chewed a tube of tonka beans, and walked leisurely on the water. This is the famous Shaoxing foot rowing boat.
When tourists from other places pick up a boat and row a boat, they will not hesitate to say "awning boat". Because foot rowing is relatively rare in the country, and because foot rowing is usually made of awning, the two are combined into one. In fact, according to Shaoxing custom, all large boats, small boats, port boats, cargo ships, passenger boats, rowing boats, and hand-cranked boats with awnings are all called awning boats. Night sailing boats, sandalwood boats, small shuttle boats, etc. with white hoods are called white hood boats.
Shaoxing is known as a water town with scattered rivers and lakes. It is also known as the "Venice of the East". Shaoxing people encounter rivers when they go out and use boats to lift their feet. Therefore, there are many types of ships with different specifications as means of transportation. Black-awned ships and white-awned ships are only distinguished by their awnings.
Except for simple agricultural boats, most of the boats in Shaoxing have a "Chi head" carved on the bow. According to research, this dragon-head-shaped divine object is one of the nine sons of the dragon, good at managing wind and waves. , which can frighten the aquarium that makes trouble.
Shaoxing boat awnings are customarily made of thin bamboo poles bent into an arch shape. Generally, a awning has three arches, with bamboo silk as the bottom and surface, bamboo in the middle, and flat bamboo on both sides, top and bottom. piece, tied with lead wire. The size of the canopy is based on the size of the boat; the number of canopies is based on the length of the boat, ranging from five, seven, nine, and eleven. The fixed one is called Dingpeng, and the movable one is for passengers to get on and off and enjoy the scenery along the way. Tung oil, pig blood, and black powder are often used to boil the boat canopy into "black oil", which is applied to the outside of the canopy to prevent rainwater leakage. This is the black canopy, and the people who use this kind of canopy are the black canopy boats, including foot rowing boats and dock boats. , troupe boats, etc., if you just apply cooked tung oil on the canopy, the color will be "bamboo yellow". Compared with the black canopy, it will be a white canopy boat, such as night sailing boat, sandalwood boat, night port boat, etc. For the white canopy. According to research, white-topped boats mostly sail at night. They are easy to identify on the dark water and are conducive to safe driving. For example, sandal boats sail in the bay most of the night when it is dark and the wind is high. They are loaded with dozens of tons of cargo and ride on the tide and wind. They can only be seen by the boats coming from the opposite side with their white awnings. This is also the reason why night sailing ships and night port ships use white awnings.
Shaoxing’s port boats were the main means of transportation in the old days for the convenience of the people. Therefore, not only the "guest ports" along the way are natural to stop and pick up passengers, but also wastelands, wilderness, bridgeheads, and shores are always greeted by passengers, and they also stop to pick up passengers at any time. Therefore, the sailing is generally slow, the cabin is not big, and the guests are sitting on two long benches on the left and right, so it is a good occasion for chatting. If you meet one or two talkative people traveling around, the boat will be filled with laughter. Some boat heads (boatmen), such as Qijin in Lu Xun's "Feng Bo", will also tell interesting stories about urban and rural areas while rocking the boat. The king of a shop in a certain village married his daughter, and the dowry was paid out in twenty-four thousand tons, the grandfather of a certain family in a certain village "picked the ashes", the son and his wife got divorced, and so on. Night sailing ships are long-distance transport ships that sail at night. Because they transport both passengers and cargo, the guests have to sleep at night, so they are always large ships with six cabins and white awnings. The cabin is equipped with a full set of decking. Male passengers sleep in the front and middle cabins, and female passengers sleep in the rear cabin. They are all equipped with standard berths. The boatman rents out bedding and mats. Night sailing ships usually have a ship's lantern hung on the mast, with words such as "Xixing - Shaoxing Night Sailing" written on it. In addition to those who row oars and play pole boats, boatmen also serve as trackers wherever there are towpaths. At its peak, Shaoxing night sailing had more than a dozen east-west routes, such as Shaoxing to Xiaoshan, Xixing, Wenjiayan, Kanshan , Tangtou (Guali), Linpu, Yiqiao, and the eastern route to Baiguan, Cao'e, Dongguan, Tangpu, Shaojin and other places, all disembark in the evening and arrive at the destination at dawn. Because the night cruise has a large capacity and a long time, and in the evening, guests will have sufficient conditions to chat. All kinds of anecdotes in society, officialdom and even palace secrets, and myths and legends can be exchanged in the night boat. The title of Zhang Dai's "Night Boat" in the Ming Dynasty was derived from this.