1, different tonics. The tonic in major is 1(do) and the tonic in minor is 6(la).

2. The scale structure is different. The scale structure in major is completely half-full, and that in minor is completely half-full. This different arrangement of scales leads to their different auditory characteristics.

3, the mode color is different. Major usually gives people a bright and open feeling, while minor gives people a soft and hazy feeling.

4. Harmony structure is different. Major chords are usually more stable and bright, while minor chords are often more tense and dull. In addition, minor and major are also different in playing style and emotional expression. Major is often used to express feelings of joy and happiness, while minor is often used to express feelings of sadness, melancholy or heaviness.