Stephen Hawking (Stephen Hawking) is an internationally renowned mathematician and theoretical physicist, tenured professor, Department of Physics, Applied Mathematics and Theory at the University of Cambridge, UK. Who is an outstanding contemporary scholar with a high reputation who was born in 1942 and is known as one of the greatest living scientists.
Hawking graduated from Oxford University and Trinity College, Cambridge University, and is a PhD student at Cambridge University. Late in his college studies, he began to suffer from spinal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, motor neuron disease) and became hemiplegic. He overcame the difficulties of being disabled and entered any fellowship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1965. During this period, he was studying the origin of the universe and the famous theory that the universe was "infinite density" at the beginning. In 1969, he was appointed as a fellow of the Gonville and Caius Institute of Science Award for Outstanding Achievement in Science. In 1972, his research work carried out astronomy. Institute of Gravitational Physics in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge. In 1975 he was appointed Senior Lecturer and in 1977 he became Professor. In 1979 he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics during this period in 1974. In 2006, he was elected as the youngest member of the Royal Society.
Hawking's fame in black hole research began when he published his masterpiece "A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes". Black holes, an important step in the unification of 2 fundamental theoretical physics of the 20th century - Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory - award in the physics community, Albert Eyre. He received the Einstein Prize and the Wolf Prize in 1978 and the Hawking Knighthood in 1989. He is a member of the Royal Society and a foreign fellow of the National Academy of Sciences. > In 1985, Hawking lost his ability to speak. The only tool he had to express his thoughts was a computer sound synthesizer. He only had a few fingers to control a special mouse to select letters on the computer screen to make sentences, and then played the sound through the computer, usually creating a sentence. Sentence 5, 6 minutes, 10 days to prepare for a one-hour recorded lecture
/gt; "Space - Large-Scale Structure" (1973, co-author), "General Relativity: Einstein's Centenary Review." (1979, co-editor), editor of "Hyperspace and Supergravity" (1981), "The Primeval Universe" (1983, co-editor), "A Brief History of Time" (1988), "The Universe in a Nutshell," Hawking Lectures", "George Unlocks the Secret Key to the Universe", etc.
/gt; Divorced in 1990 and married Jane Wilder, his wife of 25 years. On September 16, 1995, Hawking and his Married to nurse Elaine Mason.
In 1985, Hawking was invited to China to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians on June 15, 2006. A public lecture titled "The Origin of the Universe" was held at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. On June 19, Hawking gave an academic report at the opening ceremony of the 2006 International String Theory Conference in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. >Biography Stephen William Hawking (Stephen William Hawking) was born in Oxford University, England, in 1942. He graduated from Oxford University and Cambridge University, and received a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University, England. He sat in a wheelchair for 46 years. , because the 21-year-old unfortunately suffered from muscle atrophy caused by Lou Gehrig's disease, the speech and the questions and answers could only be completed through a speech synthesizer. Professor, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, the most important theory of general relativity. and cosmologist, one of the great men with international reputation in this century, known as the greatest living scientist, also known as the "King of the Universe". Born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, Huo Hao was born in Hong Kong. time, the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death.
In the 1970s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they jointly won the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1988. Therefore, he is known as the most famous scientific thinker and most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world, Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of a black hole, that is, the area of ??a black hole increases with time? Not reduced. Is this very natural for people in the area? Entropy and thermodynamics of black holes. In 1973, he considered the quantum effects near the black hole and found that the radiation emitted by the black hole is like a black body. The temperature of the radiation is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole. In this way, the black hole will gradually reduce its radiation and increase its temperature, until it finally explodes at the last moment. The discovery of black hole radiation has a very fundamental sense in that it unifies gravity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.
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Stephen. Hawking was born in Oxford University, England, on January 1, 1942. This is a special day. Galileo Galilei, the founder of modern science, died exactly 300 years ago on the same day.
After Stephen Hawking graduated from the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford, he was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease and soon became completely paralyzed. In 1985, Hawking underwent tracheal surgery due to pneumonia. After that, he could not speak yet. He relied on a small talker and speech synthesizer installed in a wheelchair to speak. Reading must rely on the open pages of this machine-readable literature to read each page. It was spread on a big table, and then he drove the wheelchair like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves and a camel reading page by page...
Hawking is incredible, in this general it is difficult to become recognized in the world A giant in the science of gravitational physics. After Newton's mathematics lectures as Lucason's as Hawking Professor at Cambridge University, his black hole evaporation theory and quantum cosmology not only shocked natural science, but also had a profound impact on philosophy and religion.
From the singularity of the Big Bang to the radiation mechanism of black holes, Hawking made outstanding contributions to the development of quantum cosmology. His goal is to solve the first thrust that has puzzled mankind since Newton. His model of the universe was a four-dimensional space enclosed by a limited number of boundaries - requiring no push from God and entirely dependent on the laws of physics for the evolution of the universe.
Intriguing is the fact of Stephen Hawking's cosmology, so God's unearned wages are still paid homage to him in the Vatican. Academy, the Holy See recognized the error of Galileo's experiments in electing Hawking to the Academy. Neither secular prejudice nor theological authority can block the power of science.
He Jin Jian Xin, the basic idea of ??the origin and destiny of the universe, has no mathematical statement and can be understood by people without professional training. In a popular speech, he once vividly explained to the audience that the design of "using the speed of light to time travel" from a black hole to a "white hole" in another area of ??the universe is interesting science fiction and the reality is Condensed truth is hard to come by. In April 1988, after several years of diligent writing and editing, the cosmology popular science book "A Brief History of Time" was officially published. The book guides readers to explore the bizarre realm of outer space online, exploring distant galaxies, black holes, quarks, grand unified theories, "flavored" particles and "spin" particles, antimatter, and the "arrow of time." "A Brief History of Time" has been published in 33 languages? 5.5 million people in the West who claim to be educated have not read this book and will be looked down upon.
The doctor diagnosed Hawking who was terminally ill and could only live for two years. He has been able to support today and achieved great success. The most important thing is that he has a strong sense of mission and a very strong will. Hawking's life is a record of human willpower and a miracle created by the scientific spirit.
The lifelong wish is to become an ordinary person
Stephen Hawking proved so much that the Big Bang and the existence of black holes, but his life proved another, more important The thing---he was an ordinary man who became a disadvantaged "waste" trapped in a wheelchair.
However, it turned out that he was even more surprised than when he discovered "whether black holes are completely black"---How to become an outstanding "Superman"?
So, when on August 11, he slumped in his wheelchair and pushed out of the elevator on the second floor of Shangri-La Hotel, Hangzhou with an expressionless face, Hawking seemed to be instantly ignited with reluctance in front of countless flashing lights. Almost as if the greatest physicist since Einstein was a superstar at Pudong International Airport, the media chased him as he closed his eyes for the last choice, although the fanatical "A Brief History of Time fans" were kept out as the curtain slowly fell around them. He would rather be left alone to contemplate the fate of the universe.
Perhaps, this is Stephen Hawking's world. Hawking once said that he clearly remembers coming home a day late from London as a child, "At that time, in order to save money, the lights on the streets were turned off in the middle of the night. I walked on the road, and the sky stayed overnight, and I had Never before had the entire Milky Way seemed to be right above his head. "Look at the stars," his mother said, "and he was even more curious to see if he was exposed to one." I also like to have no lights on an abandoned desert island, because that way, I can see the stars." Until the age of 22, Hawking was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease and could only live. Over the past few years, the dedication star has gradually become a belief - he wants to live like an ordinary person. Even if the body cannot move, and married to the beloved girl, he must have a job, you must first complete a PhD from Cambridge, so even if the Big Bang theory of the origin of the space universe loses a singularity. Talk, in order to pay Tuition for her daughter, he will earn a little money, so there will be sales comparable to "The Bible" and Shakespeare's "A Brief History of Time" One can imagine Hawking's widespread scientific achievements, but he wanted to prove it. Himself, the original intention of being ordinary people is just that every time Hawking tries to prove that they are ordinary people, the result is much higher than he expected after the massive star collapses into a singularity. , and then is this process reversed? Was the universe born from a singularity Big Bang? Since it is the gravitational force between celestial bodies, then the existing gravitational force and light will be sucked into a black hole. Hawking's singularity black hole theory, "No." "Be careful" has hit a nerve with theoretical physics.
The celestial materials found are suitable for Einstein's general theory of relativity, and quantum mechanics is suitable for microscopic particles, but the two cannot be unified. Hawking's singularity theory is only unified "Infinitely small material explosion celestial bodies." He predicted that at the end of the last century, this "grand unified" theory would eventually be discovered - perhaps with just a few simple equations, humankind's understanding of the universe would reach the limit of theoretical physics. It also came to an end. When a reporter asked Hawking, his assistant
However, 20 years later, his prediction did not come true, he said, "I think Stephen Hawking thought he was wrong. "It cannot be said that Hawking no longer told reporters with a wink, but directly grinned in agreement with a smile. He took a long time to answer through onomatopoeia, "Science is unpredictable if I know, I have to do this"---In the end, his own failure to predict the world's "success" proved that he is an ordinary person.
"Keep quiet, the boss is sleeping"
The genius who saw Hawking could not bear to be disturbed, but the reporter saw that he was still deeply moved by the 40-year-old Lou Gehrig's disease, and his body was completely deformed: his head could only reach his right shoulder. Tilt, the left hand is lowered and the right hand is tightly held in it, holding a palm-sized keyboard, the two feet are twisted inward. My well-balanced mouth 10 years ago has been twisted into an S shape. Just smile, Soon to be "--- the grinning, pained look that has now become his trademark.
The "bombing" of dozens of photography "barrels" on the scene and the magical onomatopoeia look completely different from ordinary LCD computers. Reporters quietly slipped behind Hawking's ranking, which is an alphabetical selection of onomatopoeic words, but a logical sequence of combinations, such as a choice or a parallel conjunction, that makes one recipient become another group. Hawking used it to select words, pronounce them, and finally press keys to create a computer-synthesized voice to represent speech.
Even if he knew the reporter's question in advance, Hawking's answer was surprisingly slow. Reporters could barely see his fingers pressing the keyboard, and he seemed perpetually motionless. There was only silence after the numerous visual calls to Hawking's body, the American accent, the ears, until suddenly there was aa some slightly weird English---British, American think, with a Nordic accent, an Irish accent. His answers are brief, often a long 10 minutes before the SVO is just a simple sentence. Within an hour, Hawking's face showed weariness, and reporters even saw him start to get bored. Reporters turned away from the keyboard and the screen flickered.
Lucas Hawking of the University of Cambridge, chairman since 1980, gained insight into the universe from a wheelchair. Perhaps for him, it is simpler and more comfortable to work alone in the quiet and reflective Cambridge than to be worshiped by "stars" all day long. In a wheelchair, Hawking commutes to his office every day, walking through the long corridors of Newton's office, including all the portraits of Professor Lucas that hang neatly in a row of floor-to-ceiling windows. There is usually a raft hanging on the door of the office that says: "Please be quiet, the boss is sleeping."
This may be incorrect---Hawking just doesn't want outsiders to disturb him. He had to sit in this cozy house with high ceilings and work quietly in front of the computer for hours, riding in his own universe. About two or three potted plants, there are pictures of three children. Every day at 16:00, he would talk about the students who were about to graduate, with the help of nurses. They take a coffee break, talk about the universe and compare notes. A nurse raised Hawking's cheek and tilted his head so the tea wouldn't leak out. Sometimes his glasses would slip down his nose, but if a student challenged his theory, he would immediately give him a grin.
At the very least, Hawking is the freest excuse for "sleeping with the boss". In the words of Shakespeare, after whom his own book is titled --- "Even in a nutshell, still thought the king of infinite space," Hawking told reporters, "I have found the true universe, even better than" a Star Wars reporter asked him Even more attractive, if you're going to go into space, you have to study physics first. "
Willing to go to "Requiem" Desert Island
In addition to research, the greatest pleasure, Hawking's answer seems to be more prompt, "I love life, music, and family. I have gained a lot. of joy. "Outside the universe, music is his own destiny. To date, the most successful interview with Hawking was on the BBC's "Desert Island Album" program on Christmas Day 1992. This program required individual interviewee assumptions On a desert island, you can only choose 8 photo albums, with you. Only this time, Hawking answered the question for the first time, rarely in a simple sentence---it related to music, and his words were, "Once the coffin is opened, . Hawking loved Wagner's music. He said: "I was in love with Wagner beginning in 1963, the year I was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease. Wagner's dark tones and apocalyptic mood suited my mood." He even took the trouble to repeat episodes of Wagner's "The Lord of the Rings" --- you know, a normal person should also spend a lot of time, let alone a word choice.
But if it were just the album he chose, he said he would choose Mozart's "Requiem." "For my 15th birthday, I got a CD of Mozart, full 200 hours, and now I often listen to my favorite Mozart "Requiem" before death. If I could only take one album and go to a desert island, I would take it and keep hearing the DISCMAN battery emptying date."