This problem is quite big, and when it comes to "essence", I dare not easily say what the essence of Chinese is, but I can briefly talk about it based on the points you mentioned. When we talk about a language, we usually talk about semantics, pronunciation, grammar, and the "writing" and "culture" in the question do not belong to the category of language. In other words, they are at most an interdisciplinary subject, not an interdisciplinary subject. Essential things. First of all, English is an inflectional language and belongs to the Indo-European language family, while Chinese is an isolating language and belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is a non-morphological language and lacks morphological markers. Word order and function words are important grammatical means. Needless to say, English has various inflections and grammatical means are explicit. In addition, I agree more with the characteristics of Chinese grammar summarized by Mr. Zhu Dexi in "Grammar Questions and Answers": "First, there is no simple one-to-one correspondence between Chinese parts of speech and syntactic components (which are commonly known as sentence components); second, there is no simple one-to-one correspondence between Chinese parts of speech and syntactic components (commonly known as sentence components); The construction principles of Chinese sentences are basically the same as the construction principles of phrases. "For specific explanations, you can read the book. This book is very thin, with more than 80 pages. The language is easy to understand and interesting. I think it can basically answer some of your questions. Question, recommendation. Pronunciation, Chinese characters are all monosyllabic, and English words have monosyllables, double syllables, and polysyllabics. One thing to note is that words are the smallest language units that can be used independently, and the original Chinese characters A word is one, and a character is a word. However, modern Chinese already has a predominance of bisyllabic words, so there are differences. Do not confuse the concepts of character and word. Furthermore, Chinese does not have complex consonants, and tones have different meanings. By words you mean word formation? But I see that your own answer is not talking about word formation, but just a, um, subjective feeling. The difference in word formation should be that English word formation mostly uses the derivation method with many affixes, while Chinese word formation mostly uses the compound method with less affixes. When you say writing, you probably refer to the writing system. The phonetic meaning is correct, but no language can "scientifically and accurately write foreign words and dialects." For Chinese, it is impossible to accurately restore the pronunciation of foreign languages, and for English, it is impossible to directly use pinyin to express All foreign language meanings can only be borrowed and have existed in the native language as foreign words for a long time. This is why it is difficult to find out that the loanwords in Chinese are foreign words over time and have a high degree of localization. However, a large number of foreign language loanwords in English can still find their origins from their pronunciation, but the degree of localization is low. Which one is better depends on different angles and different conclusions.