How to write an introduction to a thesis

Thesis is a question that every friend who wants to publish a paper will ask. How to write an introduction to a paper. The following is how I wrote an introduction to a paper. Welcome to read and refer to it.

How to write an introduction to a paper 1

1. What should be summarized in the introduction?

The introduction serves as the beginning of the paper and introduces the writing of the paper in a short space. Background and purpose, origin and actual situation of the research requirements, as well as an overview of previous work and research in related fields, explaining the relationship between this research and previous work, current research hot spots, existing problems and the significance of the author's work , introduce the topic of this article to guide the readers.

The introduction can also point out the theoretical basis, experimental basis and research methods of this article, and briefly describe its research content; in a few words, it predicts the results, significance and prospects of this research, but it is not necessary to discuss it. The content of the preface should include: Why should this research be conducted? What is the theoretical or practical basis for establishing the topic? What is the proposed innovation? What is the theoretical and/or practical significance? First, the historical background and theoretical basis should be properly introduced. Or other people’s research progress and results on this topic and whether there are different academic opinions. Tell the reader clearly why you are conducting this research, and keep it concise and to the point. If the research project has never been carried out by others, then the innovation is obvious, and the innovative points of the research should be explained. But in most cases, the research project has been carried out by predecessors. In this case, it is necessary to explain the differences and essential differences between the research and the research being studied, rather than simply repeating the work of predecessors.

2. How to write the preface

(1) Get straight to the point and don’t beat around the bush. Avoid lengthy descriptions of the historical origins and research process of the topic.

(2) Be concise and concise, highlighting the key points. You should not describe too much common sense content that is well known to your colleagues and from textbooks. When it is really necessary to mention other people's research results and basic principles, you only need to indicate it in the form of reference citations. When suggesting the work and viewpoints of this article in the introduction, the meaning should be clear and the language should be concise.

(3). The review of history should be focused. The content should be closely related to the title of the article. The background should be introduced around the title and summarized in a few sentences. When prompting the method used, it is not required to write down the method, As a result, do not start a discussion; although you can appropriately quote the content of past literature, do not list it in a long way, and do not write the preface as a historical development of the research; do not write the preface as a short literature review, let alone repeat the explanations that are already in the textbooks, or Common sense content known to researchers in the field.

(4) Respect science and seek truth from facts. In the preface, the value of the paper must be evaluated appropriately and realistically, and the wording must be scientific. It is best not to use the words "this research is the first and first reported in China", "fills the domestic gap", "has a high academic level" to describe the innovation of this paper. Inappropriate self-comments such as "value", "the content of this research has not been reported in China" or "this research is at the leading level at home and abroad".

(5). The content of the preface should not be the same as the abstract. Be careful not to use polite words, such as "little talent and learning", "limited level", "please correct me", "introducing ideas" and other language; the preface should be the most important. It is best not to discuss it in paragraphs, without illustrations and lists, and without derivation and proof of formulas.

(6) The length of the preface should generally not be too long. If it is too long, it will make the reader boring. If it is too short, it will be difficult to explain clearly. For a paper of 3,000 to 5,000 words, the number of words in the introduction should generally be controlled at 200. A length of 250 words is appropriate.

Content and format of the introduction

(1) Explain the theme, scope and purpose of the paper.

(2) Explain the origin and background of this research and a brief historical review of related fields (What work has been done by predecessors? What has not yet been solved? To what extent is the current progress?).

(3) Expected results or significance of this research.

(4) The introduction is generally not divided into paragraphs. The length depends on the content of the paper. The introduction of papers involving basic research should be longer, and clinical case analysis should be shorter. Most foreign papers have long introductions, usually around a thousand words. This may be related to the strict word count restrictions imposed by foreign journals.

The so-called introduction is to establish the title of the paper, with the purpose of introducing the following. Only when the "proposition" of a paper is established, it is necessary to continue writing, otherwise the writing of the paper will lose its meaning. The general introduction includes the following two meanings: First, it is the background of the "topic", which explains the status and role of the thesis topic in the subject field and the current status of the research, especially the existing or unsolved problems in the research. The second is to establish the problems that this article intends to solve based on the current research status, thus leading to the following. Generally, authors have two problems in writing introductions.

1) The article has no topic and talks in general terms. Some authors seem to regard the introduction of a paper as a form and a dispensable part. They separate the writing of the introduction from the writing of the main text just to add a hat to the paper. A common phenomenon is to discuss the importance of research in a general way, even starting from the status of the industries involved in the technology in the national economy, just like a leader's speech. Even if it focuses on the subject of research, it also starts from the macro to the micro and ends with more general discussions. Obviously, the result of this is that the reader cannot accurately judge the specific value of the "paper proposition", lacks a summary and introduction of the current research status, and does not know how the author's research is different from previous research work? Therefore, the purpose of scientific papers is The introduction must explain the background of the research work and briefly discuss the current status of the research problem. The discussion of the current research status not only tests the author's possession and familiarity with the data, but more importantly, the comprehensiveness and newness of the data can be used to judge the significance and value of the research work, as well as the credibility of the research results.

2) List of citations, lack of analysis and summary. The introduction should not only reflect the breadth of the background, but more importantly, test the depth of the author's understanding of the research background. Generally, authors do not have a deep understanding of the research issues. When introducing the current status of the research, they often list a large number of references and list the different approaches and conclusions of different researchers. There is a lack of analysis and induction by the author, and no summary of the research results. and existing problems, some even list some documents that are not directly related to the study of this article, one-sidedly emphasizing the richness of data possession. Although some people believe that different magazines have different requirements for the introduction of research status, from the perspective of paper writing, the purpose of the introduction is to explain the meaning of the paper proposition, rather than a review of research materials, although the review provides readers with information to find information. For convenience. Therefore, the author's own language should be used to summarize the current status of the research, especially the existing difficulties and deficiencies, so as to introduce the theme of the paper's research.

The introduction is generally similar to the abstract, but the focus is on the intention and reason of writing, which has the effect of leading to the main text. The structure is generally as follows:

1. Intention and reason of writing

2. General research content of the paper

3. Main methods and measures

4. How to write a simple introduction to a research conclusion paper 2

An argumentative essay is when the author analyzes and comments on a certain issue or something, expressing his or her own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and A style of writing advocated. There are three elements in an argumentative essay, namely arguments, arguments and arguments. The basic requirements for arguments are: correct viewpoints, careful summary, practical significance, and appropriate comprehensive use of various expressions; the basic requirements for arguments are: true, reliable, and sufficiently typical; the basic requirements for arguments are: reasoning must be logical.

When writing an argumentative essay, you need to consider the argument, consider what arguments to use to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. It can first put forward a general argument, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; it can also first quote a story, a conversation, or describe a scene, and then analyze the facts layer by layer. The truth is summarized and a new conclusion is drawn. This way of writing is called the total fraction form, which is a composition method often used by middle school students.

You can also ask a question that people are concerned about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, going deeper layer by layer. This is a question-and-answer style of writing. It also means that the author deliberately puts forward two different things in an opposite way to compare and contrast, and then draws a conclusion. This is a contrastive writing method.

An argumentative essay is a style of writing that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author’s position and opinions. This type of article either puts forward certain opinions and propositions from a positive perspective, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers and periodicals, essays, or reflections on daily life, etc., all belong to the category of argumentative essays.

Argumentative essays are also called reasoning essays. It is a style of writing that analyzes things, discusses affairs, expresses opinions, and puts forward claims. The author establishes or denies a certain proposition by presenting facts, reasoning, and distinguishing right from wrong. Argumentative papers should have clear viewpoints, sufficient evidence, concise language, reasonable arguments, and strict logic.

1. Three elements of argumentative essay writing

Argumentative essays mainly include three elements: arguments, arguments and argumentation methods. The argument must be correct. Arguments serve to illustrate arguments and must be both reliable and sufficient. Facts speak louder than words and are the best arguments. Arguments can also be truths recognized by people and philosophies that have been tested in practice. There are many methods of argumentation. Commonly used methods are:

1. Induction method

Start by analyzing typical things, that is, analyzing individual things to find out the common characteristics of things. , and then draw conclusions.

2. Reasoning method

Starting from general principles, explaining and analyzing individual things, and then drawing conclusions.

3. Comparison method

Compare all facts and aspects, then analyze them and draw conclusions.

4. Refutation method

First list the wrong views, then refute them one by one, and finally clarify your own views.

2. Characteristics of argumentative essays

The structure of an argumentative essay generally has three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion sentence. Generally, an argument is put forward in the introduction, that is, the topic of the article. Favorable facts are presented in the main text, the argument is rigorously demonstrated, and finally a conclusion is drawn based on the previous argument.

3. How to write an argumentative essay

To write a good argumentative essay, you must pay attention to the following points:

1. Determine the argument.

The argument is usually made in the first paragraph of the article.

2. There must be sufficient arguments and examples from life.

3. The argument must have strict logic.

All facts, reasons, and reasons should be closely connected to the conclusion.

4. The hierarchy should be clear.

5. Be sincere and friendly, because argumentative essays focus on reasoning and convincing people with reason.

The writing technique of argumentative essays is mainly argumentation, but sometimes explanation, narrative, description and other techniques are also used. Explanations in arguments often create conditions for the development of arguments, or are supplements to arguments; narratives and descriptions in argumentative essays should provide basis for arguments. Therefore, narratives should be summarized and descriptions should be brief.

6. The arguments must be sufficient

To prove your point of view, you must have sufficient evidence. The author can list facts, present data, provide examples, rely on common sense, or draw on personal experience.

Three elements of an argumentative essay: arguments, arguments, and demonstrations

(1) Argument: It is the author’s opinions and opinions on the issue being discussed, and is the soul of the argumentative essay.

1. Argumentative papers generally have only one central argument. Some argumentative papers also propose several sub-arguments around the central argument. The sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as the relationship between these arguments is studied, You can distinguish master from slave.

2. How to find the central argument. An argument should be a clear judgment, a complete statement of the author's opinion, and should be in the form of a complete sentence. The positions can be divided into: article title, article beginning, article end, article middle, and some require readers to summarize.

(2) Arguments:

1. Factual arguments: Facts play a very obvious role in arguments. Analyze the facts, see the truth, and test whether they are logically consistent with the article points. .

2. Principles and arguments: The principles used as arguments are always familiar to readers or generally recognized by society. They are the result of abstraction and generalization of a large number of facts.

(3) Argument: The arguments and arguments in the argumentative essay are organized through argumentation. Argumentation is the use of arguments to prove. How to write an introduction to a paper 3

Properly guiding students to write papers is one of the important links in the teaching process of colleges and universities, and is an important symbol for students to complete their majors and graduate successfully. . In order to further help you write a good thesis, here are some explanations of the issues that should be standardized:

1. What is a thesis?

Thesis is an article submitted for assessment and review by college graduates when they apply to be awarded the corresponding degree. Dissertations are divided into three levels: bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctoral degree.

1. Bachelor’s thesis:

A bachelor’s thesis is a thesis written by a qualified undergraduate graduate. The graduation thesis should reflect that the author has accurately mastered the basic professional knowledge learned at the university level, has basically learned how to comprehensively apply the knowledge learned to conduct scientific research, and has a certain understanding of the research topic. The scope of the thesis topic should not be too broad. , generally choose an aspect or a difficult point of an important issue in the discipline, and avoid choosing topics that are too small, too old, and too long.

2. Master’s thesis:

A master’s thesis is a thesis written by graduate students pursuing a master’s degree. It should reflect the author's extensive and in-depth mastery of basic professional knowledge, the ability to conduct independent scientific research, and new independent insights into the research topic. The paper should have a certain depth and good scientific value, and demonstrate the academic level of the major. Improvement has a positive effect.

3. Doctoral thesis:

A doctoral thesis is a thesis written by a graduate student pursuing a doctoral degree. It requires the author, under the guidance of a doctoral supervisor, to be able to choose potential research directions, open up new research areas, master quite profound theoretical knowledge in the relevant fields of the subject, have quite proficient scientific research capabilities, and be able to provide creative insights into the subject. , the paper has high academic value and plays an important role in promoting the development of the discipline.

2. What are the overall principles and requirements for a dissertation?

1. The argument must be objective and original:

The basic viewpoint of the article must come from the analysis and research of specific materials, and the issues raised must have certain relevance in the field of this professional discipline. Theoretical significance or practical significance, and through independent research, I have put forward my own certain cognition and opinions.

2. The arguments are detailed and corroborative:

The paper can cite many sources and provide support from multiple sources. The arguments used should have your own views and have primary evidence and circumstantial evidence. The materials used in the paper should be well-founded, accurate, reliable, and precise.

3. The argument is rigorous and logical:

The author raises questions, analyzes problems and solves problems, which must conform to the development laws of objective things, and the whole paper forms an organic whole. Make judgments and reasoning orderly and seamless.

4. Clear style and standard annotation:

The paper must form the structural pattern of the full text with the formation of arguments, and use the content of multi-party arguments to form a rich whole. The analysis illuminates the entire article. In addition, the overall structure and annotation of the paper must be standardized and appropriate.

5. Accurate language and concise expression:

The most basic requirement of the paper is that the reader can understand it. Therefore, the article is required to think clearly, speak clearly, think deeply, speak thoroughly, and be concise and concise.

3. What is the standard format for graduation thesis?

1. Thesis title: (signature attached below)

The paper must be accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel.

2. Table of contents

The table of contents is a brief list of the main paragraphs in the paper. (Short papers do not need to be listed in the table of contents)

3. Content summary:

It is an excerpt of the main content of the article, which must be short, precise and complete. The number of words can be as few as a few characters, but no more than three hundred words is appropriate.

4. Keywords or subject words

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper. They are words of substantial significance to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content of papers, making it easier for information systems to collect information for readers to search. Each paper generally selects 3-8 words as keywords, starts a new line, and ranks them at the bottom left of the "Summary". Subject words are standardized words. When determining the subject words, the paper must be analyzed thematically and converted into standard words in the thesaurus according to the indexing and grouping rules. (See "Chinese Thesaurus" and "World Chinese Thesaurus").

5. Thesis text:

(1) Introduction: The introduction is also called the preface, preface and introduction, and is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction generally summarizes the author's intention, explains the purpose and significance of the topic, and points out the scope of the paper. The introduction should be short, concise and stick to the topic.

〈2) Thesis text: The main text is the main body of the paper. The main text should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusion. The main part includes the following content:

a. Raising the problem - arguments;

b. Analyzing the problem - arguments and demonstrations;

c. Solving the problem - argumentation methods and steps;

d. Conclusion.

6. References

The references of a paper are the main literature materials that can be referenced or cited in the research and writing of the paper, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be placed on a new page and marked in accordance with the "GB7714-87 Rules for Documentation of References at the End of the Text". Chinese: Title--Author--Publication information (place, publisher, issue)

English: Author--Title--Publication information

Listed references The requirements are:

(1) The references listed should be official publications to facilitate readers’ verification.

(2) The references listed should indicate the serial number, title of the book or article, author, and publication information.

4. How to get the best paper topic?

1. Choose a topic that you have a strong interest in and have expertise in a certain aspect.

2. Look for topics in areas that are unknown or unknown.

3. Be good at finding new ways and choosing innovative topics.

4. Choose a topic for which sufficient reference materials can be found.

5. Consult tutors and experts for advice.

6. Be good at using libraries; The automation and networking of libraries provide convenience for readers to choose topics. How to write an introduction to a thesis Part 4

Proper topic selection is the first step to ensure the success of graduates in writing a thesis. A good topic choice not only benefits the author. And it can arouse readers' interest. Appropriate topic selection requires the author to have keen intuition, high academic accomplishment and rich experience. In addition, it is also very important to understand the relevant format requirements and components of paper writing and pursue the originality of paper writing.

1. Preparation

First of all, the author should browse or read a large number of articles published in various journals and academic authoritative publications in recent years. Such as Chinese foreign language. Foreign languages, modern foreign languages, Chinese translation, language and translation, language teaching and research, foreign languages ??and foreign language teaching, foreign language telephone teaching, English teaching and research in normal colleges, foreign language teaching research in basic education, foreign language teaching and research in primary and secondary schools, foreign language teaching in primary and secondary schools, etc. . Keep yourself abreast of current academic frontiers and the latest developments in scientific research through extensive reading. At the same time, you should also figure out the field you are interested in and the research status in this field.

For example: the completed topics in this field, the research methods and means used, the depth of research, the main findings in this field and possible problems or gaps, etc. In order to help graduates choose topics, the School of Foreign Languages ??of Chifeng University organized some teachers in XX to provide direction and suggestions for topic selection for the 03 graduates of the English Department of the college. The following are some of the selected topics:

1) Teaching method direction:

1. Research and attempts to cultivate students' divergent thinking in teaching.

2. On the role of needs analysis in the autonomous learning model.

3. Cultivate students’ sense of cooperation in English learning group activities.

4. Cultural penetration and cultivation in middle school English teaching.

5. Essential qualities of modern middle school English teachers.

6. How to incorporate moral education into English teaching.

7. Questioning skills in junior middle school English classes.

8. The impact of teachers’ beliefs on teaching.

9. Application of communicative method in grammar teaching.

10. The significance and methods of carrying out "English Corner" activities in middle schools.

2) Direction of British and American Literature:

1. On "Farewell." Weapons" anti-war theme.

2. On the heroism in "The Old Man and the Sea".

3. Huckleberry, Finn’s democratic spirit.

4. Comparison between Imagist poetry and ancient Chinese poetry.

5. Talk about the comprehensive understanding of the characters of Shakespeare’s tragic characters.

6. The creation of female characters in Shakespeare’s plays.

7. Analysis of the theme of "Paradise Lost".

8. Briefly discuss the history of sentimentalism.

9. The artistic value of "Jane Eyre".

10. Swift’s satirical art.

3) Translation direction:

1. Briefly discuss the foreignization and domestication of cultural factors in translation.

2. Characteristics and translation of trademark names

3. Translation of movie titles

4. Translation of Chinese-English public signs

5. English news titles and their translation

6. The loss and distortion of cultural images in translation

7. On the deformation and trustworthiness of Chinese-English translation from a cultural perspective

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8. The "context" issue in literary translation

9. The conversion of different social and cultural information from Chinese to English

10. Translation method from social semiotics Look at the functional equivalence in the translation process of English-Chinese idioms.

4) Writing direction:

1. The transfer of Chinese thematic sentence patterns in English writing.

2. Comparison of English and Chinese sentence expressions.

3. Comparison of the structure of English writing chapters.

4. Analysis and countermeasures of mother tongue transfer phenomenon in English written expression.

5. Research on the correlation between reading skills and writing ability.

6. Different tendencies in English rhetoric.

7. Comparison of English and Chinese nominal human body metaphors.

8. The rhetorical characteristics of English-Chinese advertising puns.

9. Cross-cultural differences between Chinese “double tone” and English “alliteration”.

10. The impact of differences in thinking between English and Chinese on Chinese students’ English writing and countermeasures.

In addition, there are many topics in six directions, including linguistics and British and American countries and culture, for students to refer to to help them write their graduation thesis.

2. Formulate the topic and conduct feasibility analysis

By browsing and reading the literature, the author will obtain certain inspiration and inspiration. Combined with the topic selection directions and suggestions provided, you can formulate a research topic that interests you. What needs to be noted at this time is that the topic you propose should have certain research value or reflect the more cutting-edge developments in the subject field.

For example.

"Cognitive research on the structural differences between Chinese and English double objects". "A Syntactic Study of English Double Object Structures." "The impact of differences in English and Chinese vocabulary concepts on second language vocabulary acquisition" etc.

However, formulating a good topic is only a research ideal, and whether it can be completed as scheduled is crucial. Otherwise, not only will you waste time, but you will also lose confidence. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation and analysis of the feasibility of the paper from the following aspects.

First of all, be sure to estimate the time required to complete the paper. If this topic requires much more time than one semester, you should carefully consider whether it is suitable for you. Because the longer the project takes to complete, the easier it is for the author to lose patience and interest, and it is also difficult to complete the task on time. Secondly, we must carefully analyze whether the topic proposed for the research is appropriate. It is not advisable to have too big a topic or too many tasks.

For example, "Research on College English Teaching Reform." "Research on College Students' English Learning Strategies". Titles such as "Research on English Writing and Rhetoric Teaching Strategies" are too big. There is too much content covered. Because complex topics often make it difficult to highlight the focus of the research, and will also make the written article disorganized.

Graduation thesis is one of the important ways to demonstrate college students’ learning and research abilities. Therefore, this must be strictly controlled. Start small, see the big from the small, and dig deeper. And be innovative.

Finally. The manpower, material resources, financial resources and other issues required to complete the paper are also issues that the author should consider in advance. As the saying goes, sharpening the knife will not waste time chopping firewood. Take topic selection in writing seriously. Keeping this level in check plays a vital role in the completion of later thesis writing.

3. Components and requirements of the paper

A research paper should contain the following components:

1) Title in Chinese and English. A paper must have a Chinese and English title, and attention must be paid to the consistency of its content. For example: a study of the correlation between receptive skills and productive skills in English learning: If "English learning" is translated as (a study of the correlation between receptive skills and productive skills) skills in english learning). The English questions will not be concise and concise, and may even cause misunderstandings. Because the Chinese term "English learning" generally refers to the learning process of English learners, while the English term "in english learning" is easily understood as receptive skills and productive skills, or even the correlation or study phrases. Express learning activities in a narrow sense. ;