It is not 32 countries, but 36 countries in the Western Regions.

In 138 BC (the third year of the reign of Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty), Zhang Qian was ordered to go to the Western Regions. At that time, he was in the thirty-six countries of the Western Regions in what is now Xinjiang. According to research, he was in the following places: Wusun, Gui Zi, Yanqi, Ruoqiang, Loulan, Qiemo, Xiaowan, Ronglu, Mi, Qule, Pishan, Xiye, Puli, Yinai, Shache, Shule, Weitou, Wensu, Weili, Gu Mo, Beilu, Wutanzi, Beilu Houguo, Shanhuan, Puleihouguo, Xiqiemi, Jieguo, Huhu, Shanguo, Cheshiqianguo, Cheshihouguo, Cheshiweiduguo, Cheshi In addition to the Houcheng Kingdom, there are more than a dozen Western Region Kingdoms such as Dayuan, Anxi, Dayuezhi, Kangju, Haohan, Kanjuti, and Wuyishanli. In the third year of Guimao (138 BC), Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions to find the Dayue clan to unite to fight against the Xiongnu. Although the mission was unsuccessful, it established connections and exchanges between the Central Plains and the Western Regions.

The Thirty-six Kingdoms of the Western Regions were the first to publish Tang books, in order:

(1) Wusun——the part near Yining City in Xinjiang and Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan area.

(2) Kucha ---- now in the area of ??Kuqa and Baicheng in Xinjiang.

(3) Yanqi ---- now located in Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Xinjiang.

(4) Yutian ---- Now in the Hotan area of ??Xinjiang.

(5) Ruoqiang ---- Now located in the southeast of Ruoqiang, Xinjiang, northwest of Lop Nur, closest to Guyang Pass.

(6) Loulan ---- Now Xinjiang is in the desert next to Lop Nur, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. Later, the name of the country was changed to Shanshan. There are existing Loulan ruins.

(7) Qiemo ---- In the southwest of Qiemo County, Xinjiang, the ancient city stands twenty miles around with intermittent walls. Xuanzang of Tang Dynasty stayed here to study Buddhist scriptures.

(8) Xiaowan ---- is located in the southwest of Qiemo County, Xinjiang, in Cheerchen Henan, with a population of only more than 1,500 people, making it the smallest country.

(9) Ronglu ---- now in the south of Yutian County, Xinjiang.

(10) Mi ---- now in the east of Cele County in southern Xinjiang.

(11) Qule ---- Now in the south of Cele County, Xinjiang. (The above four small countries, all located in the eastern area of ??Hotan, have been annihilated by the Taklimakan Desert).

(12) Pishan ---- In the southeast of Pishan County, Xinjiang, near Zanggui, there is still the Hanpishan Guocheng Ruins, which the locals call Pochengzi.

(Thirteen) Western Night ---- Now southwest of Pishan, Xinjiang.

(14) Puli ---- now in the area east of Yecheng, Xinjiang.

(15) Yinai ---- Now Lekul, southeast of Yingjisha, Xinjiang, and Puli are small countries, but they have been important east-west transportation routes since the Han and Tang Dynasties. Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty returned to China from Tianzhu (now India) to learn Buddhist scriptures and took this route.

(16) Yarkand - now Yarkand County in southern Xinjiang, was later annexed by Yutian.

(17) Shule ---- now in the area of ??Kashgar City and Shule County in Xinjiang.

(18) Weitou ---- now located in Wushi and Bachu areas in southern Xinjiang.

(19) Wensu ---- now in the Aksu and Wensu areas of Xinjiang.

(20) Yuli ---- now in Korla and Yuli, Xinjiang. Later it was annexed by Yanqi.

(21) Gumo ---- now in the Baicheng area of ??southern Xinjiang.

(22) Beilu ---- now north of Fukang County, Xinjiang

(23) Wutanzi ---- now Lixian Mana, Xinjiang Near Sibei and Changji.

(24) Beilu Houguo-now east of Fukang County, Xinjiang.

(Twenty-five) Shan Huan ---- now northeast of Manas, Xinjiang.

(26) Pulei ---- now in the northwest of Barkol Kazakh Autonomous County, Xinjiang.

(27) Puleihou Country - now northwest of Barkol Kazakh Autonomous County, Xinjiang.

(Twenty-eight) Xiqiemi ---now southeast of Wusu County, Xinjiang.

(29) Dongqimi ---now west of Changji County, Xinjiang.

(Thirty) Jieguo ---- Now northeast of Hutubi, Xinjiang.

(31) Hu Hu ---- now north of Turpan, Xinjiang.

(32) Shanguo ---- now east of Yuli County in southern Xinjiang.

(33) The former country of Cheshi - now Jiaohe City in Turpan, Xinjiang.

(34) Chaushi Houguo-now Urumqi and nearby places in Xinjiang.

(35) Cheshi Weidu Kingdom is now southeast of Turpan, Xinjiang.

(Thirty-six) Chaushi Houcheng Kingdom appears around Qitai, Xinjiang.

In addition, there are more than a dozen countries belonging to the Western Regions such as Dayuan, Anxi, Dayuezhi, Kangju, Haohan, Kanjuti, and Wuyishanli. They are no longer in Xinjiang, my country. .