On February 7, the Qin Shihuang Emperor’s Mausoleum Museum issued a statement stating that the “copycat terracotta warriors and horses” did not have the permission and authorization of the Qin Shi Huangdi Emperor’s Mausoleum Museum and would retain relevant legal rights. The Anhui Five Thousand Years Cultural Expo Park involved in the incident responded that the "terracotta warriors and horses" were only built to display historical allusions and did not involve infringement. Lawyers said that the protection period of copyright in my country is generally the life of the author plus fifty years after death, but the owner of the copyright in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses died more than 2,000 years ago, so it is difficult to determine infringement.

The largest group of fake terracotta warriors and horses in China

It is understood that the "group of fake terracotta warriors and horses" appeared in the Five Thousand Years Cultural Expo Park Scenic Area in Taihu County, Anqing City, Anhui Province, and were copied according to 1:1 size. There are thousands of terracotta warriors and horses, and it is known as "China's largest copycat terracotta warriors and horses".

Photos from the scene show that the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses Group" is similar to Pit No. 1 of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Lintong, Xi'an, and the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses" are arranged neatly in the pit. There is a statue of Qin Shihuang at the back of the attraction, as well as words such as "Unify the country and annex the world".

A Beijing Youth Daily reporter saw on the official website introduction of the Five Thousand Years Cultural Expo Park that the terracotta warriors and horses copied by the Cultural Expo Park come from "the warriors are dressed in armor and look different. Their right hands are slightly raised, pointing to the mountains and rivers, annexing." This scene also stated that "this scene did not appear in Xi'an, Shaanxi." In addition, the Cultural Expo Park said it hopes to let visitors experience the culture of the Qin Dynasty through a replica of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit.

The cultural expo park is said to have been named a "National Cultural Industry Demonstration Base" by the Ministry of Culture and rated as a "National AAAA Tourist Attraction" by the National Tourism Administration. The park is divided into two scenic spots: "A Dream for a Thousand Years" and "Ten Mile Gallery". The "Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Emperor of Qin" is located in the first phase of the "A Dream for a Thousand Years" scenic spots. In addition, the scenic spot also has "Laozi is the best in the world" and "Confucius travels among nations". , "Huangmei Opera Art Street" and other attractions.

The Qin Mausoleum Museum accused it of infringement

Regarding the "copycat terracotta warriors and horses" incident, the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum issued an official statement on February 7. The statement stated that the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum has the right to name "Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum" and "Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum" in accordance with the law, and has rights to registered trademarks (such as "Terracotta Warriors and Horses", "Qin Terracotta Warriors", "Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses", "Bronze Carts"). "Horse", "Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin") enjoys exclusive rights to trademarks. Any use of the names, registered trademarks, copyrighted pictures and video materials of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum, Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum without the authorization of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum shall constitute infringement.

The statement pointed out that "copycat Terracotta Warriors and Horses" exhibitions have recently appeared at home and abroad, such as the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses" exhibition held at Liege Railway Station in Belgium and the "Copycat Terracotta Warriors and Horses Group" in Taihu County, Anqing City, Anhui Province, which were recently reported by the media. There was no permission or authorization from the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum, and the museum had no knowledge of this. The Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum will reserve the right to pursue legal liability of the perpetrators in accordance with the law.

On the 9th, a reporter from Beiqing News contacted Mr. Zhang, a staff member of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Museum. Mr. Zhang said, “I didn’t know about it before. I only found out about it after seeing relevant media reports on the website, and then published it. "

Knowledge extension:

Architectural structure of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses

The burial pits of Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Warriors and Horses sit west to east, with three pits arranged in a Zigzag shape. The earliest discovery was the No. 1 Terracotta Warriors Pit, which is rectangular in shape. There are more than 8,000 terracotta warriors and horses in the pit, with slope doorways on all sides. There is a terracotta warriors pit on the left and right sides of Pit No. 1, called Pit No. 2 and Pit No. 3.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is an underground tunnel-type civil structure building, that is, a large pit about 5 meters deep is dug from the ground, and parallel earth partition walls are built in the middle of the pit. Wooden pillars are arranged on both sides of the wall, and crossbars are placed on the pillars. Sheds are densely covered with crossbars and earth partition walls. A layer of reed mats is spread on the sheds, and then covered with loess to form the top of the pit. The top of the pit is about 2 meters higher than the surface of the ground at that time. rice. The bottom of the pit is paved with blue bricks. The height of the space from the top of the pit to the bottom of the pit is 3.2 meters. After the pottery figurines and horses were put into the pit, the surrounding doorways were blocked with standing timber, and the doorways were filled with rammed earth, thus forming a closed underground building.

Historical evolution of the Terracotta Warriors

According to "Historical Records": Prime Minister Li Si began to preside over the planning and design of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang in accordance with the usual practice, and General Zhang Han supervised the construction. The construction took 39 years. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses It was made and buried in the burial pit at the same time as the Qin Mausoleum was being built.

In the first year of Qin Ziying (206 BC), the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang encountered the first and possibly the biggest disaster. According to "Historical Records·The Benji of Emperor Gaozu"[8], "Hanshu·Volume 1·Gaodi Jiji No.1"[9]

, "Hanshu·Volume 36·Biography of King Chu Yuan No.6" "

According to other historical records, after Xiang Yu invaded Guanzhong, he destroyed Qin Shihuang's mausoleum on a large scale. The buildings on the ground were destroyed and the imperial mausoleum was excavated. The terracotta warriors and horses were also seriously damaged in this catastrophe. Archaeological excavations show that there are black charcoal remains in Pit No. 1 and Pit 2, indicating that the collapse of Pit No. 1 and Pit 2 was caused by fire.

In March 1974, when farmers in Xiyang Village, Lishan Town, Lintong County were digging a well 1.5 kilometers east of Lingdong, they found several broken pottery pottery fired from clay that was life-size. After exploration and trial excavation by the Shaanxi Provincial Archaeological Team, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were rediscovered.

In July 1974, archaeologists began excavation work on the Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit on the east side of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province.

In December 1987, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were included in the World Heritage List.

On June 13, 2009, the third large-scale excavation of Pit No. 1 of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang began.

Historical background of the Terracotta Warriors

Human sacrifice was a cruel and barbaric funeral system that sprouted with the disintegration of primitive public ownership and became popular with the establishment of slavery. The most prosperous era of human sacrifice was the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and there were sacrifices in the tombs of nobles of the Shang Dynasty. In the Yinxu Gongling District in Anyang, more than 5,000 people were killed or died in more than a dozen large tombs that have been excavated.

The Zhou Dynasty learned from the lessons of the tyranny of the Yin and Shang Dynasties and emphasized "being wise and virtuous to protect the people." The birth and implementation of Zhou Rites greatly suppressed the phenomenon of human sacrifice, but it did not eradicate it. In the Spring and Autumn Period, countries competed for hegemony, times were turbulent, and people were sacrificed again. During the Warring States Period, the vassal states successively abolished the system of human sacrifice. In the first year of Qin Xian (384 BC), the Qin State officially abolished the system of human sacrifice.

The social changes during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period prompted changes in burial customs, and burials with figurines appeared, that is, pottery figurines, wooden figurines, etc. were used to replace human sacrifices. The original meaning of "figurines" is human sacrifice. When human sacrifice gradually faded out of people's sight, "figurines" became the proper name for pottery sculptures, stone sculptures and human figures in tombs. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty are a typical example of burial with figurines on behalf of human beings, and they are also the pinnacle of burial with figurines on behalf of human beings. The reason why the Qin Terracotta Warriors have reached such a high level of scale and realism is not only the wisdom of the craftsmen, but also inseparable from the will of the first feudal emperor in history.