Seven types of e-commerce models: B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (B2G), C2A (C2G), etc.

B2B = Business to Business.

Business-to-business e-commerce is the exchange of products, services and information between businesses through the Internet. In layman's terms, it means that both the supply and demand sides of e-commerce transactions are merchants (or enterprises, companies), and they use Internet technology or various business network platforms to complete the process of business transactions. These processes include: publishing supply and demand information, ordering and confirming orders, payment processes and the issuance, transmission and receipt of bills, determining distribution plans and monitoring the distribution process, etc. Sometimes it is written as B to B, but for the sake of simplicity, it is simply pronounced as B2B (2 means two). Typical examples of B2B are Chinese Suppliers, Alibaba, ChinaMade.com, Dunhuang.com, Huicong.com, Yingshang.com, Needsee, E-Commerce Xueba, etc. B2B can be divided into foreign trade B2B and domestic trade B2B according to service objects. According to the nature of the industry, it can be divided into comprehensive B2B and vertical B2B. Vertical B2B includes: China Chemical Network and Luwen Construction Service Network.

B2C = Business to Customer

The B2C model is the earliest e-commerce model in my country, marked by the official operation of 8848 online mall. The first type:

Comprehensive shopping mall: Tianhe City on Taobao, Zhengjia Plaza

Malls are called cities. There will be many stores in the natural city. Yes, comprehensive shopping malls are like We usually enter big shopping malls in real life such as Tianhe City Zhengjia New Dahxin. The first floor of the mall may be first-class brands, then the second floor is women's clothing, the third floor is men's clothing, the fourth floor is sports/decoration, the fifth floor is mobile digital, the sixth floor is special... Put N brand stores into it, and this is the mall. The later Taobao Mall is naturally of this form, which is no different from the traditional one. It has a huge shopping group, a stable website platform, a complete payment system, and an integrity and security system (although there are still many shortcomings at present), which promotes sellers. People come in to sell things, and buyers come in to buy things. Just like traditional shopping malls, Taobao itself does not sell anything, but provides a complete sales package.

As for online shopping malls, when they are popular enough, have rich products, and have convenient logistics, their cost advantages, 24-hour sleepless city, no regional restrictions, richer products, etc. are all reflected in their advantages. The online comprehensive mall is about to play a role in the trading market.

This kind of shopping mall is divided by region offline. There are always three or five large shopping malls in every big city. In the field of the Internet, three or five comprehensive shopping malls are destined to dominate. Currently, Taobao is in the awkward position of being the dominant one. In fact, there are similar ones like Paipai/Ebay/Yah, but they are so different that I don’t even want to mention them.

Second type:

Specialized integrated type: SaiV.com

SaV.com is mainly engaged in online sales of sporting goods, shopping guides, news information, and event reports etc., will serve as an integrated large-scale comprehensive sports portal. Beijing Saiwei.com Information Technology Co., Ltd. is an innovative comprehensive enterprise. They innovatively integrate advanced e-commerce models with traditional retail industries, and use modern network platforms and call centers to serve customers. They mainly do sports. In the brand supplies business, we only produce genuine products, and you will be fined ten for fake products, and we attach great importance to customer service. The company relies on SaiV.com, using online marketing and website promotion as its main means, mainly relying on advanced marketing concepts, efficient and complete distribution methods, and new business models to provide consumers with a high-quality and perfect shopping experience.

The third type:

Department store: Walmart on Amazon Dangdang Excellence Online

A store is called a store, which means there is only one seller; and a department store, that is, It is a rich product line that meets daily consumer needs. This kind of store has its own warehouse and stocks a series of products to prepare for faster logistics distribution and customer service.

Such stores may even have their own brands. Just like offline Wal-Mart, Watsons, and PARKnSHOP.

This model is most concerned about Amazon. Many friends in the industry joked that if you want to enter the e-commerce industry, you must first study Amazon. And scale makes you both love it and hate it. Here is the example of Dangdang Joyo, a company I personally admire for being a company that has been making almost no money for ten years and still persisting. Although in 2004, Amazon was rejected to acquire Dangdang for US$150 million, and later acquired Joyo at half the price. Perhaps this is a strategy at the capital operation level. It can only be said that the owners of these two websites have good capital operation capabilities.

Dangdang, how many stores like Joyo exist online?

Because each platform has different inventory, distribution and other environmental differences, each platform will be given its own different elements, which means it has a brand effect. With the brand effect, in fact, there can be multiple online stores of this model, not just three or five, but a multiple. Maybe consumers will choose to try other stores because of a certain experience, a small price difference, or a bad shopping experience.

Among them, Dangdang Joyo has tried the store-in-store model, but it was relatively unsuccessful, but there are signs of wanting to convert it to a mall.

The fourth type:

Vertical stores: Mecoxlane Red Kids, JD.com’s online Qianse Store, Gome 360 ??Mall, Xiaogou.com

Vertical stores , serving certain specific groups of people or certain specific needs, providing comprehensive products and more professional services in this field or needs.

For example, Mecoxlane targets young women aged 18-25 and has no store sales carrier. Although it started with DM, it gradually moved towards online stores.

Redbaby entered into the maternal and infant market when it started

For example, JD.com, an online version of Gome, specializes in selling electrical appliances/3C products

This kind of mall There are more similarities in the products, either they satisfy a certain group of people, or they satisfy a certain need, or a certain platform (such as electrical appliances).

How many vertical stores exist on the Internet? It depends on the market segmentation. If the type of subdivision is set to Second, he lived a very hard life, but he also lived hard and endured hardships. And it is precisely because of the good competitive landscape that the service improvement has been promoted.

Here we find a phenomenon. For example, in the above example, JD.com and Redbaby, judging from their recent actions, have begun to expand their product lines. For example, Redbaby has expanded from the original maternal and infant market to Family-based shopping platforms; for example, JD.com attracts a large number of buyers through low-priced electrical appliances/3C products, and then seeks profits by enriching product lines and adding/recommending products with larger profit margins. Obviously, they are all transforming into general stores. Another phenomenon, such as Mecoxlane and Youge.com, which are vertical stores targeting crowd segmentation, is the trend of forming themselves into brands.

The fifth type:

Composite brand store: Giordano Belle

Giordano is a traditional clothing brand with N directly owned and franchised stores. Zhengjia Mall opened, and Giordano entered it, while the online Taobao Mall opened, and Giordano also entered the online store. And even if all the malls are closed down, Giordano still has its own independent image store. This is a traditional brand. When Giordano discovered that online consumers were different from offline consumers, they boldly operated at different prices, and its complete warehouse deployment management better grasped cash flow and goods circulation through online sales. operation.

Just like Belle, it has nearly 8,000 offline stores, and it was announced that it had a market worth RMB 16 billion in 2008.

Currently, it is a bold attempt to enter the Internet. The online styles or brands are differentiated to a certain extent, and large-scale production is also carried out. Because if there is no shortage of products sold online, the 8,000 stores are a good outlet for clearing inventory. 200,000 pairs per store can be solved by selling more than 20 pairs.

For stores like this, as e-commerce matures, more and more traditional brands will join the e-commerce battlefield. With the goal of seizing new markets, expanding new channels, and optimizing product and channel resources, a wave of aggressive expansion is about to begin.

How many such online stores are there? How many stores are there offline, there will be as many stores online. Including Gome, they are all complex online stores, but the integration is not strong enough and the model is immature, so I won't mention them for now.

The sixth type:

Light brand store PPG VANCL Mengbazaar

The cases of PPG and VANCL have spread throughout the streets. Although there are many controversies, But new things are always created amid controversy. There are two reasons for adding Meng Bazaar here. First, YES PPG has been beaten up by many media, and VANCL is also rumored to be about to transform into a comprehensive mall. For Mengbazaar, we first start with DM delivery + Internet + CALL Center, and then build an offline image brand store. It is said that monthly sales have reached 6 million. It is also a representative worthy of attention.

China is already a big production country, with numerous foundries and mature industry chains that are sufficient to meet production needs. However, the Chinese people make money based on product profit premiums rather than brand profit premiums (such as China’s MP3 players). , making a profit of ten dollars, while APPLE in the United States makes more than ten dollars in profit). Under the ripening of the environment, it is no longer necessary to have your own factory to build a brand. On the contrary, China has and Tian With unique advantages, brand owners can focus more on providing personalized and more delicate products that meet the needs of audience groups. Based on brand positioning, they can strengthen product design, use information applications, cooperate with the increasingly mature Internet sales platform, and increasingly perfect logistics. From distribution to various services, etc., the entire chain is becoming increasingly refined and improved, allowing brand owners to focus on what they are good at, while outsourcing other things. They use the best raw material providers, find the best manufacturers, and find high-quality products. Effective promotion channels with benefits, combined with powerful ones, your advantages will be highlighted vividly. Looking back, don’t the world’s top brands do the same thing?

Light-weight brand stores are feasible. The key is not to confuse yourself, find out your core competitiveness, and let stronger people take care of the rest. And now, bosses who think that everything is done by themselves need to rethink and don’t let themselves stumble.

As mentioned earlier, Menbazaar has also opened several physical stores, and even expanded its product series from selling underwear to all aspects of female consumption. This also shows that light online stores are also transforming into complex ones. At the same time, in the future, light brand stores will provoke a melee against traditional brand stores. Anyone may win, but the losers will always be companies that are unwilling to accept the advantages of others.

The seventh type

Yimei, a service-oriented online store, also has it

Yimei is an online printing company. For example, Xiao Wang got married and went with his wife I went to Europe for my honeymoon and took a lot of photos. However, before I got home, my relatives and friends all got the photos that Xiao Wang had printed through Yimei.com. Some of the photos were embedded in bone china cups, and some were printed according to their own wishes. , bound in a beautiful photo frame, and placed in front of my parents’ room.

You can also purchase on behalf of others all over the world. Yes, we can help you buy the products you want all over the world and make money by charging an appropriate service fee.

There are more and more service-oriented online stores, all of which are designed to meet people's different individual needs. They can even help you queue up to buy movies and sell them, and there are people doing business. I look forward to seeing more service forms. Online store.

The eighth type

Shopping guide engine type Aibi.com

Biyou can share Biyou’s product experience reviews here, and Biyou is also keen on it. Yu tells more Biyou about the product experience he has used.

As a B2C upstream provider, bringing customers to merchants is based on providing services from the perspective of consumers. This is the way to go. Aibi.com strives to become an effective traffic procurement platform for e-commerce and reduce the marketing costs of high-quality B2C merchants.

C2C = Consumer to Consumer

C2C, like B2B and B2C, is one of several e-commerce models. The difference is that C2C is a user-to-user model. The C2C business platform provides an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can actively provide goods for online auctions, and buyers can choose goods for bidding. Typical examples of C2C are Baidu C2C, Taobao, Paipai, etc.

B2M = Business to Manager

B2M is a brand new e-commerce model compared to B2B, B2C, and C2C e-commerce models. This kind of e-commerce is fundamentally different from the above three. The fundamental difference lies in the different nature of the target customer groups. The target customer groups of the first three all appear as a kind of consumer identity, while the ones targeted by B2M The customer base is the sellers or workers of the enterprise or the product, not the final consumers.

An enterprise publishes its products or services through a network platform, and professional managers obtain the company’s product or service information through the Internet, and provide product sales or corporate services for the enterprise. The enterprise uses the manager’s Services achieve the purpose of selling products or obtaining services. Professional managers earn commissions by providing services to businesses.

B2M has made huge improvements compared with traditional e-commerce. In addition to the essential differences in the user groups it faces, B2M has a greater characteristic advantage: the offline development of e-commerce! The characteristics of the above three traditional e-commerce are: buyers and sellers of goods or services can only be netizens, while the B2M model can completely bring the goods and service information on the Internet offline, companies publish information, and managers obtain business information, and provide goods or services to all people, whether online or offline. In fact, B2M is essentially an agency model.

Business to Marketing

Marketing-oriented e-commerce companies (e-commerce companies or companies for which e-commerce is an important marketing channel). B2M e-commerce companies establish marketing sites based on customer needs, and conduct extensive promotion and standardized shopping guide management of the site through multiple online and offline channels, making the site an important marketing channel for the enterprise.

M2C = Manager to Consumer

M2C is an extended concept for the B2M e-commerce model. In the B2M link, an enterprise publishes its products or services through the Internet platform, and professional managers obtain the enterprise's product or service information through the Internet, and provide product sales or corporate services for the enterprise. The enterprise achieves sales through the managers' services. product or purpose of obtaining services. In the M2C link, managers will face consumers, the final consumers.

M2C is an extension of B2M and an indispensable follow-up development link in the new e-commerce model of B2M. Managers ultimately have to sell products to final consumers, and a large part of this is through e-commerce, which is similar to C2C, but not exactly the same. C2C is a traditional profit model, and what you earn is basically the price difference between the purchasing price of the goods. The profit model of M2C is much richer and more flexible, which can be price difference or commission. Moreover, M2C's logistics management model can also be more diverse than C2C, such as zero inventory; it also has more advantages than traditional C2C in terms of cash flow.

E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information services, transactions and payments.

The main contents include: electronic business information advertising; electronic purchase and transaction, exchange of electronic transaction vouchers; electronic payment and settlement, and after-sales online services. The main types of transactions include transactions between enterprises and individuals (B to C method) and transactions between enterprises (B to B method). There are four types of entities participating in e-commerce: customers (individual consumers or corporate groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, storage and transportation providers), banks (including card issuers and acquirers), and certification centers.

From the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links. Therefore, e-commerce can also be divided into two levels. Lower-level e-commerce such as e-commerce, e-commerce, and e-commerce Contracts, etc.; the most complete and advanced e-commerce should be able to use the INTENET network to carry out all trade activities, that is, to completely realize information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of logistics online. In other words, you can Starting from finding customers, all the way to negotiation, ordering, online payment (receipt), issuance of electronic invoices, electronic customs declaration, electronic tax payment, etc. are all done in one go through the INTERNET.

To achieve complete e-commerce, many aspects will be involved. In addition to buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification agencies, distribution centers and other institutions must also join. Since all parties involved in e-commerce do not physically meet each other, the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking and online electronic payment and technologies such as data encryption and electronic signatures are important in e-commerce. plays an important and indispensable role.

There are also two categories:

B2A = Business to Administration (that is, B2G = Business to Government)

E-commerce from commercial institutions to administrative institutions, Refers to e-commerce activities conducted between enterprises and government agencies. For example, the government publishes procurement details on the Internet and conducts bidding through online bidding, and companies also bid electronically.

At present, this method is still in the early experimental stage, but it may develop quickly, because the government can establish its image through this method and promote the development of e-commerce through demonstration. In addition, the government can also implement administrative management of enterprises through this type of e-commerce. For example, the government uses e-commerce to issue import and export licenses and carry out statistical work, and enterprises can handle tax payments and refunds online.

my country’s financial customs project is to establish an e-commerce framework for my country’s foreign trade as the leader through e-commerce between commercial institutions and administrative agencies, such as issuing import and export licenses, handling export tax rebates, electronic customs declarations, etc. And promote the development of various e-commerce activities in our country.

C2A = Consumer to Administration (i.e. C2G = Consumer to Government)

Consumer-to-administrative e-commerce refers to the government’s e-commerce activities to individuals. This type of e-commerce activity has not really taken shape yet. However, in some developed countries, such as Australia, government tax agencies have designated private tax or financial accounting firms to electronically file taxes for individuals. Although this type of activity has not yet reached the level of true electronic tax filing, it already has the prototype of consumer-to-administrative e-commerce.

With the development of e-commerce from commercial institutions to consumers and from commercial institutions to administrative agencies, the government will implement more comprehensive electronic services for individuals in society. Various services provided by various government departments to social taxpayers, such as the payment of social welfare benefits, will all be conducted online in the future.