In ancient times, the Yellow River Basin in China was plagued by floods, climate and environment, and faced with threats from nature. Coupled with diseases or disasters, the confrontation between human beings and nature was too small and fragile. With the change of years and the accumulation of years of exploration, understanding and experience in the natural environment of the universe, the ancestors began to use their wisdom to choose natural geographical environment and explore places. Research & gt All scholars know that Zhouyi has experienced the history of Lianshan, Tibet and Zhouyi in the long and complicated development and evolution. "Lianshan" is the first and the starting point of the sixty-four hexagrams, which reflects that people's understanding of heaven and earth at that time was based on mountains. At that time, because of the flood and the ups and downs of the earth, people chose to live in caves and other high-lying places to avoid the flood, and the wind and rain were fierce.
During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, social development experienced matriarchal clan, and Gui Zang, which started with Kun Gua, reflected the further deepening of human understanding of the natural universe of the earth. Earth-based activities such as planting, fishing, animal husbandry and hunting have brought more benefits to mankind.
With the emergence and development of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, the divination function of predicting good and bad luck in the Book of Changes has been applied to human geography, and people often plan and compare before choosing a site and building a house. See if this land is suitable for building and living. This kind of divination is called "divination" because it is followed by divination.
"Shangshu Zhaofa" records: "Taibao Chaohui operates as far away as Luo, Buzhai and Jueyoubu." It is said that Zhou Chengwang wants to move the capital to Luoyang. I asked the Duke of Zhou to stay in Bubu. It was a good omen, so I moved. Later, in the long years, this kind of divination gradually combined the life experience of eight diagrams, nine planets Yin and Yang, five elements and building houses in selected places, and developed into the primitive prototype of Feng Shui.
The word "Feng Shui" originated from Guo Pu's book "Funeral Classics" in the Jin Dynasty: "Qi dissipates by the wind, and the boundary water stops; The ancients gathered together but did not disperse, making it last forever and then stopping it, so it was called Feng Shui. The article "the method of geomantic omen, until you get water, the hidden wind takes second place". Sages make things easy, look up at astronomy and overlook geography. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong said in the "Sha Neng Jing": The way of integrity is like the image of nature, shaped in the ground. " "Wind" is a phenomenon in nature, and the flow of air forms wind. "Water" refers to the valley, stream, river, lake and ocean feng shui in nature. Simply put, it can hide wind and gather gas, which is an environment conducive to people's living and living.
There have been many geomantic terms since ancient times. It is called "Kanyu", "Qingnang", "Jade Bird", "House", "Painting House", "Form Method", "Yin and Yang", "Earth Science" and "Family Studies".
The development of geomantic omen has gone through pre-Qin gestation period, Qin and Han germination period, Wei and Jin development period, Tang and Song mature and prevailing period, Yuan low period and Ming and Qing prosperous period.
In the pre-Qin period, the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements was merged, spread and applied with the Book of Changes, and geomantic omen was related to nature worship, superstition of ghosts and gods and augury. At that time, there were already physiognomy and tomb divination; But it is mostly related to divination. When the Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty, the concept of the earth vein came into being. It is the gestation period of geomantic omen.
The popularity of Yi-ology hexagrams in Han Dynasty made Feng Shui have a solid theoretical foundation and systematic development. The word "honesty" first appeared in Huai Nan Zi written by Liu Biao, the king of Huai Nan in Han Dynasty. Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty said: "Kan, Heaven; Hey, the tunnel is also. " Heaven refers to astronomy, while tunnel refers to geography. Yi Cohesion Biography: "Look up at the earth astronomy and overlook the geography." Therefore, completeness is an insight into the universe, heaven, earth, mountains and rivers, the sun, the moon, the stars and the changes of the stars. Therefore, geomantic omen is also called "geomancy". "Kanyu" is the oldest and truest geomantic term. In this period, Xiang Di, Xiang Zhai and Xiang Tomb were mainly popular among local doctors, dignitaries and other upper-class people, and the general public at the lower level could not ask. Feng shui is only a royal art, serving the eunuch class. It is the embryonic stage of feng shui.
Wei and Jin Dynasties witnessed the initial formation and development of the principle of Feng Shui. Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty learned the knowledge of Feng Shui of the five old people in Qing Dynasty as "mourning classics", also known as "mourning books". The essence of Feng Shui theory, "being buried at will", has been the principle and purpose of various schools of Feng Shui for thousands of years. Kanyu pays the most attention to "qi", and qi avoids the wind and likes water, because the wind dissipates, so avoid the wind; Water condenses life, so I like water and pay attention to its accumulation. The originator of China's geomantic theory-Qingwuzi. Because the works at that time were all engraved on simple books and mostly put in bags made of green cloth, it was also called Qingnang, which was used by the elderly who had been studying in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was Tao Kan's "Pulse Fu". Feng Shui Yin Yang technique has been popularized and become a common practice. Xiangdi and Xiangzhai tombs no longer serve the upper bureaucrats, and the poor also believe in geomantic omen. I am convinced that environmental factors such as mountains and rivers, Long Mai, river conditions, wind direction, sunshine and so on around residential bases or graves can have an impact on the good or ill luck of residents or the families of the buried, protect future generations, bring blessings and make people glorious and precious. There are also warlocks who specialize in this technique for a living.
In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the basic theory of geomantic omen laid a solid and huge framework and system foundation for geomantic omen, which played a connecting link between the Han and Jin Dynasties and made geomantic omen prevail unprecedentedly. Yang Junsong in the Tang Dynasty initiated a new theory of geomantic omen, which advocated taking acupoints according to the shape according to local conditions, observing Long Mai, and analyzing the terrain orientation, so as to choose the best location of Yin house and Yang house. Therefore, it has developed into the "theory of form and method" of Feng Shui geography, which is called "situation school", "chaos school" or "Jiangxi school" internationally, also known as Jiangxi school. Therefore, he was respected by later generations as the founder of Jiangxi Feng Shui School and enjoyed a high reputation. His representative works include Shake the Dragon Sutra, Doubt the Dragon Sutra, Ten Questions about Doubt the Dragon, Burial Method of Inverted Staff, Twenty-four Sand Burial Method, Qingnangaoyu, Tianyu Sutra and so on. During this period, there were other founders, such as Zeng and Liao Jinhe, the most famous of which is that his story has long been a household name.
The yuan dynasty was a period of low feng shui, and there was no amazing development. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, famous flowers came forth in large numbers, and many founders wrote books and made statements. It can be said that a hundred schools of thought contend, which played an important role in the inheritance and development of Feng Shui in China, including Jiang Dahong and Shen Zhu.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many schools of geomantic omen that inherited the essence of ancient geomantic omen, such as Bazhai, Xing Fei, Kong Xuan and Calendar School. Every school has its own strengths and many fake schools. It is very serious that the factions are not in contact with each other, and many people speculate behind closed doors.
In the early days of liberation, due to the influence of specific historical and political environment, geomantic omen was labeled as "feudalism", and its development was in a stagnant stage, mostly for underground research and interest research. However, in Hongkong, Taiwan Province and other regions, the five skills of academic peripheral atmosphere, such as rambling, wisdom, activity and geomantic omen, have achieved rapid and leap-forward prosperity, and research exchanges and improvements have continued. The highly mature market economy also makes the popularization and research of Feng Shui have the characteristics of commercialization. Understandably, they have played a greater leading role in promoting the prosperity and development of China Wushu.
However, the essence and secret of Feng Shui for thousands of years, a large part of it is spread and carried forward in the mainland, where there are hidden dragons and crouching tigers.
References:
Hubei yinyang geography research institute