Belongs to: Mianzhu City, Deyang City, Sichuan Province
Mianzhu, the Pearl of Western Sichuan, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Deyang City. Located in the northwest of the Sichuan Basin, it covers an area of ??1,245.3 square kilometers, governs 19 towns and 2 townships, and has a total population of 520,000. Mianzhu is 83 kilometers away from Chengdu and 74 kilometers away from Mianyang. The total mileage of highways in the territory is 491 kilometers. There is a fast track from Mianzhu to Deyang, a Deyang-Tianchi Railway (Deyang-Tianchi) and three local railway special lines connected to the Baocheng Railway. It is known as "one of the seventy-two caves and blessed places in the world". It has a long history. In 1995, it was named "Historical and Cultural City of Sichuan Province".
Wuhua Tianbao. The land within the territory is fertile, the climate is mild, the rainfall is abundant, and the products are rich. Forests account for 49.8% of the land area, the city's green coverage rate is 49.52%, and the city's per capita public green space is 5.1 square meters. Mianzhu is rich in mineral resources, with more than 40 proven mineral deposits, among which the phosphate rock is one of the four largest phosphate rock bases in the country. The national famous spring "Yufei Spring containing strontium mineral water" is a unique resource for the development of wine making and beverage industry. The dense forests in the mountains are home to more than 150 species of rare animals and plants, including giant pandas, golden monkeys, Sumatran antelopes, tufted deers, Davidia involucrata, Dendrobium sibiricum, and Eucommia truncatula, as well as many valuable medicinal materials such as Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria sinensis, Gastrodia elata, Huangbo, and Eucommia ulmoides. Jiuding Mountain is the main part of the "Wolong-Siguniang Mountain Giant Panda Ecological Corridor" and has been included in the "Minshan Mountain System World Natural Heritage Protection Area" by the provincial government. The Longmen Mountains where Jiuding Mountain is located was among the first batch of national geological parks named by the Ministry of Land and Resources.
Mianzhu has magnificent landscapes and abundant products. The majestic Longmen Mountain in the northwest is rich in minerals. More than 40 species have been proven, especially huge reserves of phosphorus, coal, dolomite, and limestone. Its phosphate mine is one of the four largest phosphate mine bases in the country. It has oil, natural gas, etc. Rich reserves. The vast plain in the southeast has fertile land, mild climate, and rich products. It is the main production area of ??rice, wheat, rapeseed, corn, fruits and vegetables. It was listed as one of the "Seventy-Two" Dongtian Blessed Lands in the Tang Dynasty. Many famous and high-quality special products have long been famous. As early as the early Republic of China, four famous specialties, wine, paper, cigarettes and coal, were sold inside and outside the province. Songhua preserved eggs, ground sesame oil, Yuquan salted duck, tea, comb grate, etc. are also famous. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, all walks of life have developed rapidly. Coal, phosphate rock, limestone, marble and other mineral deposits have been mined in large quantities. Grain is the main industry, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, The sideline and fishery businesses have developed in an all-round way, and many famous and high-quality new products have been continuously developed. Important products include Jiannanchun series products that have won the title of "Chinese Famous Wine", "Mang" brand phosphorus chemical series products, phosphate fertilizers, ammonium bicarbonate series products, and aluminum alloy series products. , clothing, down series products, candy and cake series products, 425# slag Portland cement, yellow phosphorus, rubber, plastics, cultural paper, edible alcohol and other products have formed brands and been put into the market, selling well all over the country, among which the famous wine Jiannanchun Our flagship products are also exported in large quantities and are well-known all over the world.
Outstanding people. According to old records: "There were five loyalists in the Han Dynasty and three sages in the Song Dynasty." In the late Qing Dynasty, there was Yang Rui, one of the "Six Gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898". In modern times, there are revered early members of the Communist Party, Wang Qianqing, Luo Shiyu, Zhao Liqun, and the profound patriotic monk Master Nenghai. There are many historical monuments preserved in the territory, including Zhuge Shuangzhong Temple, Mrs. Zhang Xianji's Tomb, Zen Master Guifeng's Tomb, Nanxuan Temple, Yang Rui's Tomb Temple, Martyr Wang Qianqing's Tomb; and the "No. 1 Zen Forest in the World" with five hundred golden Arhats sitting in the hall. Famous temples such as Xiangfu Temple, Taoist Holy Land Yanxian Temple, Lingyin Sanxi Temple in Western Sichuan, Jixiang Temple, a thousand-year-old temple, and Yunwu Temple, the Vajra Dojo, as well as the ruins of Purple Rock Academy and ancient buildings such as Huilan Pagoda.
The hometown of famous wines. "Wine in the palace of the Tang Dynasty was like the spring of Jiannan in the prosperous times." Jiannanchun, a famous Chinese wine, has grown out of more than 2,000 years of winemaking history. It is well-known in China and fragrant all over the world. It has won more than 60 international and national quality gold medals. In 1999, "Jian Nanchun" was recognized as a well-known trademark in China.
The hometown of New Year pictures. One of the four major New Year pictures in China, "Mianzhu New Year Pictures" is well-known at home and abroad. In 1993, it was named the "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art (Folk Woodblock New Year Pictures)" by the Ministry of Culture as a national intangible cultural heritage.
As one of China's four major New Year paintings, Mianzhu New Year paintings originated in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty, the production scale reached its peak. Mianzhu New Year paintings have a strong local charm and local characteristics. Mainly history, culture, myths and legends, etc. Mianzhu New Year paintings have been invited to be exhibited in more than 50 countries in Europe, Asia, North and South America, and are favored by foreign art circles.
Sichuan Lomon Group Co., Ltd. is the largest phosphate manufacturing enterprise in Asia and the fourth largest in the world.
Mianzhu makes full use of the good ecological environment and beautiful natural scenery along the mountains, especially the 40,000 acres of pear orchards and other resources, and strives to create a "flower viewing in spring, coolness in summer, fruit tasting in autumn, and snow viewing in winter" "Excellent sightseeing, leisure and rural tourism products. So far, seven "Mianzhu New Year Painting Festival", nine "Sichuan Mianzhu Pear Blossom Festival" and "Mianzhu Fruit Appreciation Festival", and the first "Pomelo Flower Festival" have been successfully held. The natural scenery of Ginkgo Valley, Nanmugou and Xuanlang Valley attract many tourists for sightseeing. The excavation of the "Tianyilaohao" winery site in Jiannanchun was rated as one of the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China. Tourist attractions and scenic spots such as "Tianyi Laohao Ancient Wine Street" and Yunhu National Forest Park are under construction and development.
Physical geography
Geographic location
Mianzhu City is located in the northwest of the Sichuan Basin, at 103°54′-104°20′ east longitude and 30°09 north latitude ′-31°42′. Covering an area of ??1,245.3 square kilometers, it is shaped like a golden pen tip, extending from northwest to southeast, with a width of about 42 kilometers from east to west and a length of about 61 kilometers from north to south. The northwest belongs to the Longmen Mountain area, and the southeast is part of the Chengdu Plain. The city borders Jingyang District of Deyang City in the southeast, An County of Mianyang City in the northeast, Shifang across the river in the southwest, and Maoxian County in Aba Prefecture in the northwest. The Municipal People’s Residential Quarter, Jiannan Town, is located in the plain area in the southeast of the city, 83 kilometers from Chengdu City in the south, 31 kilometers from Deyang City in the southeast, 23 kilometers from Shifang City in the southwest, 49 kilometers from Anxian County in the northeast, and 74 kilometers from Mianyang City in the east. Kilometers, every village has access to roads, and the total mileage of roads in the country has reached 1,466 kilometers. A fast passage from Mianzhu to Chengdu has been built, with Detian Railway, Guangmu Railway and 3 local railway lines. Deyang and Baocheng are connected through Detian Railway. Railway connections connect it with all parts of the country. The Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway, which has already started construction, runs through the entire territory. It will soon become an important passenger transfer station on the Chengdu-Lanzhou Line.
Main features of landforms
The regional differentiation of urban landforms is very obvious: the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with huge height differences; Mianzhu has mountains in the northwest and plains in the southeast. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, gradually sloping from northwest to southeast. It has the characteristics of "six mountains, one water and three fields", with an altitude of 504 meters to 4405 meters; rivers are crisscrossing and cutting strongly. The mountainous area in the northwest is the source of various rivers within the territory. There are many tributaries, the river cutting depth is 500-1000 meters, the river bed is narrow, the river valley is steep; the boundaries between mountains and plains are clear, and the landform types are diverse. The city is roughly divided into two parts: mountains and plains. There are three types of mountainous areas: high, medium and low mountains, with Zhongshan as the main area, covering an area of ??648.55 square kilometers, accounting for 52.08% of the city's total land area. The plain area covers an area of ??596.75 square kilometers, accounting for 47.92% of the city's total land area. Part of the Western Basin Plain subregion.
Rivers
The rivers all belong to the Tuojiang River system. They originate from the mountainous areas in the northwest and flow to the southeastern plains. Most of them are seasonal rivers. The valleys in mountainous areas are steep and have large drops. The plain ratio gradually slows down with the terrain. The amount of water changes greatly. In winter and spring, when there is less rain, the water amount is relatively stable. In summer and autumn, when it is rainy, flash floods occur, which can easily cause disasters. The main rivers are: Mianyuan River, Shiting River, Sheshui River, Mawei River, Baishui River, Longmang River, etc.
Shiting River
Shiting River was called Luoshui in ancient times. It originates from Shifang, passes through Mianzhu, enters the city from Gaojingguan, flows through the city, and flows through Jinlun and Xiaohan. , Jinyu, Hexing, Sanshui and other towns join the Mianyuan River and then flow into the Tuojiang River. The river section within the territory is 22.32 kilometers long and the rainwater collection area is 76.65 square kilometers. The peak flow rate that occurs once in 20 years is 3900-4150 cubic meters/second. The multi-year average annual runoff total is 658 million cubic meters.
Mianyuan River
Mianyuan River was called Mianshui in ancient times. The river section within the territory is 11.9 kilometers long and flows through Lianshan Town, Shuangquan Township, Songlin Town, and Sanshui Town. It merges with Shiting River and then exits to Zhao Town and enters Tuojiang River. It is a precipitation-fed river. The average width of the river is 268 meters. The rainwater collection area is 80 square kilometers. The average annual runoff volume is 512 million cubic meters.
Climate
Mianzhu belongs to the humid subtropical climate zone of the Sichuan Basin. It has a mild climate, abundant precipitation, and four distinct seasons. It has obvious continental monsoon climate characteristics, with no severe cold in summer and no severe cold in winter. The frost-free period is long, cold air activity is frequent in spring, and the temperature rise is unstable. Droughts often occur in spring and summer. Heavy rains and floods occur in midsummer. In autumn, the temperature drops rapidly, and continuous rainy weather often occurs. The annual average temperature is 15.7°C, and the accumulated temperature of 10.0°C or higher ranges from 5000 to 5300 to 6500°C throughout the year; the number of accumulated temperature days of 10.0°C or higher is 240 to 300 days throughout the year; the average temperature of the coldest month is 4.0°C to 10.0°C; annual extremes The minimum temperature is 10.0℃ to -1.0℃~2.0℃; dryness, animal and plant resources
The city is rich in natural tree species, mainly spruce, fir, oak, and birch; the artificial forest tree species are fir , cryptomeria are the main ones; the trees on the four sides are mainly metasequoia, camphor and qianzhang. Rare animals include: giant panda, Sichuan golden monkey, giant salamander, etc. Rare plants: Davidia involucrata, metasequoia, ginkgo, incense tree, etc.
The Mianzhu vegetation belongs to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area on the northwest edge of the Sichuan Basin, Longmenshan Community. Due to the influence of terrain and climate, the vertical spectrum of plants is obvious. It can be roughly divided into: the distribution zone of trees and bamboos on the "four sides" of the plain, with an altitude of 500-700 meters, flat soil and fertile soil, crisscrossing ditches, a mild climate, and mainly artificial vegetation.
The main crops are rice, wheat, and rapeseed. The woods are distributed in scattered spots and strips; in the middle and low mountain coniferous and broad-leaved forest belts, at an altitude of 700-1800 meters, the climate is warm and cool, mostly mountain yellow soil and mountain yellow brown soil, and mostly secondary vegetation. It is mainly composed of evergreen tree species such as Lauraceae, Alumaceae, Theaceae, Fagusaceae, and Magnoliaceae; it is a hard broad-leaved and dark coniferous forest belt in Zhongshan, with an altitude of 1,800-3,000 meters. The climate is cool and humid, foggy, with large temperature differences and short sunshine. The vegetation mainly includes hard-leaf evergreen broad-leaved forest and dark coniferous forest; sub-alpine coniferous forest and shrub forest zone, with an altitude of 3000-3600 meters, has a cold habitat. . More light. The vegetation in this area is mostly coniferous mixed forest, and the established tree species include fir, spruce, and alpine cypress. The appearance of the community is green, the forest canopy is neat, and the layers are simple; the alpine meadow zone is 3000-4405 meters above sea level. The climate is cold, dry, windy, strong sunshine, extremely thin soil, and many bare rocks. The main species are Gramineae and Cyperaceae. In addition, alpine cypress, cedar, rhododendron, willow and other plants adapted to its climate and environment have all been reduced to shrubs.
Mineral Resources
Mianzhu is rich in mineral resources. The main mineral deposits include phosphate rock, bauxite, pyrite, coal and natural gas. Limestone is the most abundant mineral resource in Mianzhu. It is mainly distributed in the northwest mountainous area of ??Mianzhu. The ore is of high grade and the recoverable reserves are more than 200 million tons. Phosphate rock is mainly distributed in the northwest mountainous areas, with reserves of 173.76 million tons and ore grades above 25. It is the main raw material for the phosphate chemical industry. Bauxite is mainly distributed in the northwest mountainous areas, with reserves of 9.9412 million tons and geological reserves of 4.6876 million tons. Pyrite is mainly distributed in mountainous towns such as Qingping and Tianchi. The reserves are more than 14.3954 million tons. Coal resources are relatively abundant, with total reserves of 31.79 million tons, of which Tianchi Coal Mine has 14.01 million tons. Natural gas, deep gas reserves are about 50 billion cubic meters, and shallow gas reserves are 1 billion cubic meters.
Water resources
Mianzhu is located in the upper reaches of the Tuojiang River, with an average annual precipitation of 1086.4mm. The Shiting River and Mianyuan River flow out of the mountains and flow through the plains. The city's total water resources are 1.7 billion cubic meters. meters, the total usable volume is 900 million cubic meters, and the exploitable groundwater volume is 113 million cubic meters, which meets the water supply requirements. The city's hydropower developable volume is 65,000 kilowatts, and 31 small water stations have been built with an installed capacity of 44,000 kilowatts. Agricultural irrigation conditions are good.
The Dujiangyan People's Canal and the Hongyan Canal cross the entire territory, and the Mianyuan River's Guansongbonuan Junction dams the river to draw water. The city has 21 small (I) and (II) type reservoirs, and 1,263 main, branch, and bucket canals with a length of 1,373.4km. The city has built a network of storage, diversion and lifting; 82.44km of various types of embankments have been built in the city, including 60.44km of standard embankments, which benefit and reduce disasters, and 16,800 acres of floodplain land can be developed.
Ecological environment
Mianzhu has fertile land, mild climate, abundant rainfall, rich products, developed economy and a long history of agricultural production. The Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have strengthened their leadership on ecological and environmental protection, conscientiously implemented the basic policy of "strict protection, unified management, rational development, and sustainable utilization" and formulated the "Tenth Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection in Mianzhu City" and the 2015 Planning Outline 》, implement the environmental protection target responsibility system, strengthen environmental protection law enforcement inspections, and accelerate the protection, utilization and construction of the industrial ecological environment and natural ecological environment. We have carried out comprehensive pollutant discharge declaration and registration work, conducted investigations on mining enterprises, and comprehensively grasped the ecological and environmental protection status of industrial pollution discharge in the city; strengthened the treatment of old pollution sources and the control of new pollution sources, and implemented strict control of new pollution, New expansion and renovation projects adhere to the "three simultaneous" system. Enterprises with poor efficiency and heavy pollution will take measures to close, stop, merge, transfer, and relocate. Old enterprises with serious pollution will be treated within a time limit, and urban domestic sewage will be treated harmlessly. Wait for new measures. In 1998, the slogan "Build an Ecological Demonstration Zone" was put forward, and it became a Sichuan Provincial Ecological Demonstration Zone and a Sichuan Provincial Nature Reserve. Based on the principles of applied urban ecology, with the comprehensive improvement of the urban environment as the core, the urban ecological layout design is carried out on the basis of maintaining the original natural ecosystem as much as possible. Improved urban living environment and ecological environment. Plant trees and protect the ecological environment. The distribution of Mianzhu forests is mainly concentrated in mountainous areas. The city's forest coverage rate reaches 49.5%, and the forestry land area is more than 58,000 hectares, accounting for 56.4% of the city's total area, of which 53,400 hectares are forestry land in mountainous areas. 348,572 acres of farmland were converted into forests, 14,000 acres of barren hills were greened, and 20,000 acres of fruit trees were planted. Strengthen the construction of agricultural ecological environment, participate in the Central Sichuan Agricultural Comprehensive Development Project in 1989, and conduct comprehensive management of the city's mountains, waters, forests, fields, and roads. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Ninth Five-Year Plan" periods, 40,000 acres of floodplain land were managed. In order to intensify rectification efforts, the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have formulated and issued a series of policies such as the "Decision to Further Strengthen Environmental Protection Work" and the "Mianzhu City Implementation of Cleaner Production Plan". Some polluting enterprises have been closed and relocated as planned, and environmental impact assessments of new construction, expansion and technical renovation projects have been adhered to. The water quality of the outbound sections of Mawei River and Sheshui River has reached Category III standards; the quality of the urban atmospheric environment has reached good quality. This ensures that new sources of pollution are eliminated from the source. The city's urban and rural environmental quality has been significantly improved, environmental pollution has been effectively controlled, and environmental protection awareness has been significantly enhanced.
Population
The natural growth rate of the city’s population continues to decline, and the city’s population shows a negative growth trend. According to statistics, the city's total population at the end of 2006 was 513,859. Among them: 102,241 non-agricultural population, 410,304 agricultural population; 261,770 males and 250,775 females, with a population sex ratio of 102.39:100.
In February 2021, the list of advanced counties in the national village cleaning action in 2020 was released, and Mianzhu City was on the list.
In December 2020, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced the second batch of national all-region tourism demonstration zones, and Mianzhu City was on the list.
In December 2020, the list of the top 100 counties and cities with investment potential in the country in 2020 was released, and Mianzhu City ranked 95th.
In November 2020, the list of the top 100 counties and cities with China's county tourism development potential in 2020 was announced, and Mianzhu City was on the list.
In September 2020, the list of "Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western China 2020" was announced, with Mianzhu City on the list, ranking 34th.
In May 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission announced a list of demonstration projects for new urbanization construction in counties, and Mianzhu City was on the list.
In October 2018, Mianzhu City was selected into the 2018 Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western Region, ranking 37th.