Baxia Politics
Unit 1
1. The nature of our country (p4)
Our country is led by the working class, A socialist country based on the people's democratic dictatorship based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
2. The people of our country at this stage include (p4)
Workers, farmers, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of socialist causes, supporters of socialism
Socialist patriots, patriots who support the reunification of the motherland.
Note that Chinese citizens who do not belong to the Chinese people include:
Criminals deprived of political rights
②Foreigners with Chinese nationality
③People who split the country
④Hostile forces and elements that are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.
3. The people are the masters of our country and society. (p4)
(Exhibition of master status: equal rights to enjoy national and social affairs)
4. What are civil rights; what are the basic rights of citizens? (p5)
Citizen rights refer to certain rights and interests confirmed by the constitution and law and granted to citizens.
Since the civil rights stipulated in the Constitution are the most important and fundamental rights of citizens, they are called citizens’ basic rights
5. People What are the similarities and differences between citizens and citizens? Who are the citizens of our country? (p6)
People are a political concept. In different countries and in different historical periods of the same country, there are different classes
Content
Citizens are The legal concept refers to a person who has the nationality of a certain country and enjoys rights and assumes obligations in accordance with the constitution and laws of that country.
Chinese citizens: You must have Chinese nationality to be considered a Chinese citizen. (Some Chinese people who have given birth to children do not have Chinese nationality, so they cannot be regarded as Chinese citizens)
6. How are the rights of Chinese citizens protected (p7)
Our country has established a rights protection system with the Constitution as the core and legislative protection and judicial protection as the main content to protect the rights of citizens.
Legislative protection: It is to confirm the rights of citizens in the form of law and to use state coercion to safeguard them.
Judicial protection: refers to the legal sanction of various infringements and the protection of citizens’ rights.
7. What are the basic rights of our citizens? (p9)
Citizens’ basic rights involve various fields such as politics, economy, and culture, covering family life, school life,
social life and many other aspects. Specifically, they include: ① The right to equality ② Political rights and freedoms ③ Freedom of religious belief ④
The right to personal freedom ⑤...⑨
(The constitution is a confirmation and guarantee of citizens’ basic rights.)
8. How should citizens exercise their rights correctly? (p10--11)
① Citizens must respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.
② When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the interests of the country, society, or the collective.
③ Exercise your rights within the scope permitted by law.
④ Rights must be exercised in a legal manner.
9. How to exercise the right to freedom of speech (page P11)
First, citizens must not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others.
Second, citizens shall not use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity,
undermine social morality, or disrupt social order.
10. Citizens’ obligations are divided into two categories: legal obligations and moral obligations. What are legal obligations?
What are the basic obligations of our citizens as stipulated in the Constitution? (p16)
The civil obligations stipulated in our country’s constitution are legal obligations and are also the basic obligations of our citizens. Legal obligations refer to
the obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated in the constitution and laws.
(Mark the specific content in the textbook, ***6 items)
11. What are moral obligations, what is the role of moral obligations, and the basic moral norms that our citizens must abide by
Which ones are there? (p17)
It means that members of society consciously and voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society in accordance with social moral norms. Love the country and abide by the law, be courteous and honest, be united and friendly, be diligent, thrifty and self-reliant, dedicated and dedicated
12. Why must citizens fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (Page 14-15)
① We cannot just get without paying, and we cannot just enjoy rights without fulfilling obligations. ②For legal obligations,
We must fulfill them because this is stipulated in the constitution and law ③In our country, the rights and obligations of citizens are consistent
. Each of us is both a subject enjoying rights and a subject performing obligations.
13. What is the relationship between my country’s law and socialist morality? (p19.d1)
my country’s law and socialist morality cooperate with, promote and complement each other. All behaviors prohibited by law are
condemned by socialist morality; there are many legal obligations and are also requirements of socialist morality.
14. How to faithfully perform obligations?
①We actively do what the law encourages us to do
②We must do what the law requires us to do
③We resolutely do not do what the law prohibits. Do
Unit 2
1. What is personality right? (p25)
Personality rights are the rights of being a human being.
2. What does personality right include? What are their characteristics? (p25)
(1) Material personality rights (right to life and health)
(2) Spiritual personality rights (right to freedom, right to name, right to portrait, right to reputation, right to privacy) rights)
3. What is the primary personality right? (p25d.2)
Among citizens’ personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position
4. Characteristics of personality rights (p24, 25)
①Personal rights are the prerequisite for people to connect themselves with society and have various connections and interactions with others.
②Personality rights accompany life and have been with us since birth
③It is enjoyed by everyone alone and cannot be transferred, abandoned, inherited, or subject to illegal restrictions by others. , let alone
cannot be separated from our human body.
5. What does the right to personal freedom include? (P26)
Answer: ① Within the scope permitted by law, citizens’ bodies and wills are completely at their own disposal
② Citizens’ bodies are not subject to illegal searches
③Citizens’ bodies are not subject to illegal confinement
④Citizens’ bodies are not subject to illegal confinement
6. What special protection does our country’s law provide to minors? (p26.d2)
Answer: ① Our country’s laws prohibit the abuse and abandonment of minors, and prohibit infant drowning and abandonment.
② Employers are prohibited from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16.
③It is prohibited to arrange underage workers (laborers who are over 16 years old but under 18 years old) to engage in underground, toxic, hazardous, labor-intensive labor in mines.
7. What are the laws in my country that protect citizens’ rights to life and health? (p27)
Answer: "Constitution", "Criminal Law", "General Principles of Civil Law" and "Public Security Administration Punishment Law"
8. What are the laws that specifically protect minors?
"Minor Protection Law" and "Minor Delinquency Prevention Law"
9. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health? (p28)
Answer: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise, improve health, so that we can have a strong
body and a radiant spirit< /p>
② The right to receive timely treatment when sick, restore health, and enhance physical fitness
③ When one’s life and health are illegally infringed upon by others, the right to self-defense and request legal protection in accordance with the law
10. What does the right to personal dignity include? (p35)
Reputation rights, portrait rights, name rights, privacy rights, life and health rights, freedom rights, etc.
11. The meaning and expression of the right of reputation (P38)
The right of reputation is the right that people enjoy in accordance with the law to exclude the infringement of others on their objective social evaluation.
The main manifestations are: the right to control reputational interests and the right to maintain reputation.
12. What are the behaviors that infringe on the right of reputation? (p38, 39)
①Insult: refers to behavior that derogates another person’s personality and harms his or her reputation through language, writing or violence, which is divided into verbal insults, written insults and violent insults. .
②Defamation: Refers to the act of fabricating and spreading false facts out of thin air, and maliciously slandering others. It is divided into oral
slander and written slander.
③News reports are inaccurate.
④False accusation.
13. What is portrait right? (p40)
A portrait is a representation of the human body centered on appearance.
14. What are the ways of expressing portraits? (p40)
Painting (self-portrait), sculpture, paper-cutting, photography, videography, etc.
15. What is the status of portraits? (p40)
Portraits are also the basic symbol of each person’s personality.
16. What does the right of portrait include? (p41)
Portrait rights include: portrait production rights, use rights and remuneration rights.
17. What are the infringements of portrait rights? (p41.d2)
(1) If you use a citizen’s portrait for profit (advertising, magazine cover, calendar), you must obtain the consent of the person who owns the portrait
otherwise it will be constitute infringement.
(2) Maliciously damaging, besmirching, and besmirching citizens’ portraits.
(3) Personal attacks using portraits, etc.
18. What is the right to name? (p43)
The right to name refers to the right of citizens to decide, use, and change their names in accordance with the law, and to exclude infringement by others.
Adults over the age of 18 have the right to decide on their own what to name themselves; the right to decide and use their own names,
pen names, and stage names; and the right to change their names in accordance with regulations. However, the name rights of minors and mentally ill persons shall be exercised by their guardians.
19. What content does a person’s name include? What is the status of a name? (p43)
(Content) Name includes formal name, former name, pen name and stage name.
(Status) Name is the basic symbol of each person’s personality.
20. What are the forms of infringement of name rights? (p44)
21. The meaning of privacy (P46)
Privacy refers to personal private life that citizens are unwilling to know or disclose, and have nothing to do with public interests. Secret
Secret. It includes three aspects: private information, personal matters, and private space (Page 46)
22. The significance (necessity) of protecting privacy (pages 46 and 47)
( 1). It is people’s need for independence and freedom (2). It is people’s need for their own peace and security (3). It is the need to build a modern society that is people-oriented and advocates human nature and individuality.
23. The meaning of the right to privacy (P48)
The right to privacy refers to the right of citizens to enjoy a peaceful private life and keep private information confidential in accordance with the law. Our country's laws protect citizens' right to privacy.
24. Contents of the right to privacy (p48-50)
(1) Right to peace of private life (2) Right to confidentiality of personal information (3) Right to confidentiality of private communications
25. How should we respect the privacy of others? (p51-52)
(1) Establish privacy awareness
Understand that everyone is an independent individual and everyone has their own privacy. We cannot interfere in other people’s private affairs. < /p>
Don’t pry or spread other people’s secrets, and correct the bad habit of not respecting other people’s privacy.
Strengthen the awareness of responsibility and credibility
(2) It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of responsibility and credibility, and keep secrets for relatives and friends.
Infringement of privacy rights
26. What are the behaviors that infringe on privacy rights? (p53)
Monitoring and peeking into other people's private lives, doing everything possible to pry into other people's secrets by peeking into diaries, opening letters privately, etc.
Publishing other people's privacy through hearsay, and illegally using other people's personal information Information, etc. are all violations of privacy
.
27. Methods to protect your privacy (p55)
(1) Use the law to protect your privacy.
When privacy rights are infringed, we should bravely take up legal weapons, negotiate with the infringer on our own, request
seek judicial protection, etc., and ask the infringer to stop infringement, Apologize; if this causes greater mental pain
you have the right to demand mental compensation.
(2) Enhance your awareness of self-protection and lock your privacy.
Methods of legal protection P55: The infringer stops the infringement, apologizes, eliminates the impact, demands for mental compensation, etc.
Unit 3
1. The meaning and role of education (p58--60)
Meaning: Education is to promote human development and social development. Progress is the purpose, and imparting knowledge and experience is the means to cultivate people's social activities.
Function: to individuals (P59), to society (P60)
2. What is the right to education? (p60)
The right to education refers to the right of citizens to have the opportunity to receive cultural education from the state and to obtain material assistance for education.
3. What is compulsory education? What is its legal basis? (p61)
Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and teenagers must receive in accordance with legal provisions and must be guaranteed by the state, society, schools and
families.
The "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China" is the legal guarantee for the implementation of compulsory education in our country.
4. What do “compulsory” and “education” mean in compulsory education? (Related links on p61)
"Obligations" refer to obligations stipulated in legal form that the country, society, schools, families and school-age children and adolescents must
follow and fulfill. "Education" refers specifically to school education.
5. What are the characteristics of compulsory education? (p61)
(1) Compulsory education is compulsory by the state: its promotion and implementation are guaranteed by state coercion. It is reflected in both the family
and society.
(2) Compulsory education is universal: it is stipulated that children over the age of 6, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or race, should
enroll in school and receive compulsory education for a specified number of years.
(3) Compulsory education is free
6. As a student who is receiving nine-year compulsory education, how should we fulfill our obligation to receive education? (p64)
First, conscientiously fulfill the obligation to enroll in school on time;
Second, conscientiously fulfill the obligation to receive compulsory education for the specified number of years, and shall not drop out of school;
< p>Third, conscientiously fulfill the obligations of abiding by laws and school disciplines, respecting teachers, and striving to complete prescribed learning tasks.
7. What are the categories of property, and what are the legal properties of citizens? (p68--69)
Classification: state-owned, collective-owned, individual-owned.
Citizens’ legal personal property includes: citizens’ legal income, houses, savings, daily necessities, cultural relics, pictures, books and materials, forests, livestock and means of production permitted by law to be owned by citizens. and other legal property.
8. What is property ownership? (p70)
Property ownership means that the owner has the right to possess, use, benefit from and dispose of his own property in accordance with the law.
It is the legal expression of who owns the property.
9. What means does our country’s national judicial organs use to protect the ownership of citizens’ legal property? (p72--73
)
It is the most common practice to protect citizens’ legal property ownership through civil legal means, often by ordering the infringer to Protect citizens' legal ownership of property by restoring damaged property to its original state and compensating victims for economic losses.
Protecting citizens’ legal property ownership through criminal legal means is the most severe and effective method of protection. Penalties such as fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, and death penalty are usually used to protect the ownership of citizens' legal property.
10. What are the ways in which citizens can request the court to safeguard their legal property ownership?
(P74 first paragraph)
12. What is inheritance? What conditions must be met for it to be genetic? (P76)
The legal property left by the heir is called inheritance.
Three necessary conditions for inheritance:
1. It must be the property left by a citizen when he dies;
2. It must be owned by an individual citizen Property;
3. It must be legal property
13. What are the decedent and heir? (p76--77)
Legalally, the deceased who left property is called the decedent.
The person who inherits the estate of the deceased in accordance with the law is called the heir.
14. Who are the heirs? How is the scope of the heirs determined? (p77)
Heirs include: spouse, children, parents (first order), brothers and sisters, grandparents,
maternal grandparents (second order).
The scope of heirs is established based on blood relationship, marriage relationship and custody relationship.
15. What is inheritance right? (p77)
The right of inheritance refers to the right of the heir to obtain the inheritance of the deceased in accordance with the law.
16. What is legal inheritance, and how is the order of legal heirs divided? (p77-78)
Statutory inheritance refers to an inheritance method in which the law directly stipulates the scope and order of inheritance of the heirs, and the law directly stipulates the principle of distribution of inheritance shares
.
First-order heirs: spouse, children, parents; second-order heirs: brothers, sisters, grandparents, maternal grandparents
Grandparents
17. What is testamentary inheritance? ? What are the advantages of testamentary inheritance? (p78)
Testamentary inheritance refers to the way in which the heir inherits the estate of the deceased in accordance with the will made by the deceased. Its biggest
advantage is that the deceased can fully dispose of the property according to his own wishes. Testamentary inheritance takes precedence over statutory inheritance.
18. What is a legacy? (p79)
Citizens do not leave their property to relatives after death, but give it to people other than legal heirs. This is allowed by law
It is called a legacy. Bequests are not testamentary inheritance.
19. What conditions must be met for a valid will? (p79 related links)
The testator must have testamentary capacity, his intention must be true, the content of the will must be legal, the form of the will must be legal, and the heir must be the legal heir. One or more people within range.
20. What are intellectual achievements? (p81)
Refers to the fruits of labor created by human mental labor, manifested in scientific and technological achievements, inventions and creations, literature
artistic works, etc.
21. What is the right to intellectual achievements? (p82)
Right to intellectual achievements, that is, intellectual property rights. It is a legal recognition and protection of the exclusive rights or exclusive rights of "products" created by people (including citizens and legal persons) in science, technology, literature, art and other spiritual fields.
Including copyright, patent and trademark rights, as well as trade secret rights, etc.
22. What is the importance of protecting consumer rights? (p89)
Protecting consumer rights is conducive to promoting the development of production, ensuring the smooth progress of social reproduction, maintaining the normal order of society
and allowing people to live a better life.
23. What are the laws in my country that specifically protect the rights and interests of consumers? What rights do consumers have
are clearly stipulated? (9 items) (p91)
The "Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" clearly stipulates that Chinese consumers have the right to safety, the right to know
and independent choice There are 9 rights including the right to fair trade, the right to claim compensation according to law, the right to associate, the right to education, the right to respect for personal dignity and national customs and habits, and the right to supervise. Chief among these is the right to security. (See the textbook and notes for the meaning of each right
)
24. As consumers, what obligations should we fulfill? (p92)
Maintain market order and be a well-educated, orderly and moral consumer (modest attitude, polite speech,
choose goods should be considered in advance, and treat the salesperson well) Express gratitude for the high-quality service and safeguard the legitimate interests of producers and operators).
25. How should consumers protect their rights to avoid being deceived? (p93--94)
Cultivating a pair of "intelligent eyes" requires us to enhance our ability to judge and choose, learn and master knowledge about
consumption, and master relevant knowledge about consumption. Knowledge of protecting the rights and interests of investors.
26. When consumers’ rights are violated, what channels can be used to safeguard their rights? (p96)
Negotiate a settlement with the operator; request mediation from the consumer association; appeal to the relevant administrative department; submit to the arbitration agency for arbitration
based on the arbitration agreement reached with the operatorp>