1. principle
Oil and sodium hydroxide are boiled and hydrolyzed into higher-grade sodium fatty acid and glycerol, and the former is soap after processing and molding.
Step 2 supply
150 and 300mL beaker, glass rod, alcohol lamp, asbestos net, tripod, lard (or other animal and vegetable fats or oils), NaOH, 95% alcohol and saturated saline.
operate
(1) In a beaker of 150mL, put 6g lard and 5mL 95% alcohol, and then add 10mL40% NaOH solution. Stir with a glass rod to dissolve it (heat it with low fire if necessary).
(2) Put the beaker on the asbestos net (or in a water bath), heat it with low fire, and stir it constantly with a glass holder. In the heating process, if the evaporation of alcohol and water decreases, it should be replenished at any time to maintain the original volume. Therefore, 20 ml of mixed liquor of alcohol and water (1: 1) can be prepared in advance for new addition.
(3) After heating for about 20min minutes, the saponification reaction was basically completed. For inspection, a few drops of samples can be taken out with a glass rod, put into a test tube, and add 5 ~ 6 ml distilled water to the test tube for heating and shaking. When standing, there is oil precipitation, which indicates that saponification is not complete, and alkali solution can be added dropwise to continue saponification.
(4) Slowly add 20mL of hot distilled water into the completely saponified viscous liquid, and stir to make them mutually soluble. Then slowly pour the viscous liquid into 150mL hot saturated salt solution, and stir while adding. After standing, the soap will salt out and float. After the soap is completely precipitated and solidified, it can be taken out with a glass rod, and the soap is made.
explain
(1) oil is insoluble in alkaline water. Alcohol is added to increase the solubility of oil in alkaline solution and accelerate saponification reaction.
(2) If you don't need water bath heating, you must use a small fire.
(3) During the saponification reaction, the original volume of the mixed solution should be kept, and the mixed solution in the beaker should not be boiled or overflowed. Note: Saponification reaction: hydrolysis reaction of oil under alkaline conditions.
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