1. Do a good job in standardized planting
1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. The strawberry field should be deeply plowed into sorghum, combined with deep plowing of the garden, and apply 2,000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure and calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers per acre. 50 kg and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizer, and the soil is carefully prepared according to a border width of 45 cm, a furrow width of 45 cm, and a border height of 25 cm.
2. Soil disinfection: Use 50% phoxim EC or 2.5% trifluthrin EC 1000 times to irrigate the border surface to prevent and control underground pests. 3. Colonization The planting time of greenhouse cultivation is based on climatic conditions. The annual planting time is in early September. Choose strong seedlings with 6 to 7 expanded leaves, short petioles, thick mesophylls, rhizome thickness of more than 1 cm, and well-developed root systems, and plant them in the evening on cloudy or sunny days. When planting, attention should be paid to arching the back toward the ditch, so that the fruits are produced on the back of the border, which is convenient for management and harvesting. It is better not to bury the heart above the planting depth and not expose the roots below. Plant in double rows with a row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 18 to 20 cm. Plant 7,000 to 8,000 plants per mu.
2. Plant management Strawberry seedlings are planted until flower buds grow. It is generally required to retain 5 to 6 leaves and one bud. Excessive old leaves, sub-buds, and axillary buds must be removed in time. After flowering and fruiting, Remove old and dead leaves that have turned yellow on the stems, and remove stolons promptly to reduce consumption. Remove small branches and weak fruits. Generally, 7 to 9 fruits are left per peduncle to enlarge the fruits and improve their quality.
3. Temperature and humidity control The optimal temperature for strawberry growth is 20~28℃. High temperatures above 36℃ and low temperatures below 5℃ are detrimental to strawberry growth. Generally, the temperature is controlled between 25 and 28°C during the day, not exceeding 30°C, and 7°C is appropriate at night. Keep the temperature at 25℃ during the initial flowering period and 23℃ during the mature flowering period. From late December to the end of January, when the greenhouse temperature is lower than 5 degrees, a small arch shed should be installed in the greenhouse to cover it with a buckle film. When the temperature is extremely low, a three-layer film should be used for insulation. The humidity in the shed should be controlled below 80% before flowering, and should be controlled at 60% from flowering to fruit enlargement. To prevent the onset of high temperature and humidity, use ventilation around noon. By April of the following year, when the temperature rises significantly, the membranes on both sides of the greenhouse can be removed to increase ventilation to reduce temperature and humidity and extend the fruit production period.
4. Release bees during the flowering period
Although strawberries can self-pollinate and produce fruit, there is a lack of spreading insects in the greenhouse, resulting in poor pollination and deformed fruits. The use of bees to assist cross-pollination has a significant effect on improving quality and increasing yield. Bee release should be carried out during the early flowering period, and pesticides should not be sprayed during the flowering period to avoid affecting pollination and producing deformed fruits. And appropriately thin the flowers and fruits, so as to remove the high ones and keep the low ones, and remove the weak ones and keep the strong ones.
5. Fertilizer and water management
Greenhouse strawberries have sufficient base fertilizer and most of it is organic fertilizer, so the amount of top dressing is less. However, timely supplementation of phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and multiple trace elements according to the growth conditions of strawberries cannot be ignored. Strawberries require sufficient water during the entire growth process. The soil moisture can be slightly dry during the flowering period, and more water is needed during the vigorous growth period of strawberries and the berry expansion period. Irrigation can be combined with fertilization. Fertilizer is dissolved in water to prepare a solution of about 1000 times for application. When the soil moisture is high and irrigation is not necessary, the fertilizer solution can be applied directly into the soil through pipes. When the soil is dry, the fertilizer can be diluted to 4,000 times, or pipe irrigation can be used, which is labor-saving and convenient. After the beginning of spring in the second year, as the temperature rises, the production speed accelerates. To avoid acidification of strawberry fruits, more potassium fertilizer should be applied, about 5 kg of 0.3% potassium sulfate per mu.
6. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests
As the area of ??strawberry cultivation continues to expand and the planting years increase, the degree of damage from diseases and insect pests also increases, and new varieties of pests and diseases are also constantly emerging. The main diseases and insect pests of strawberries include powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, red spider mites, aphids, thrips, Spodoptera litura, etc. Use biological, mineral and plant-based pesticides without residues to prevent and control diseases and pests, and strictly implement safe pesticide use intervals. Expect. Powdery mildew can be treated with 30% acetostrobin 2000 times; anthracnose can be treated with 25% prochloraz 1000 times; gray mold can be treated with 40% pyrimethanol 1000 times; red spider mites can be treated with 20% pyridaben 2000 times; aphids , thrips can be controlled with 20% acetamiprid 3000 times solution; Spodoptera litura can be controlled with 1.0% emamectin salt 1500 times solution.
Based on the development of strawberry, the following aspects should be noted:
First, the same field cannot be planted continuously for 3 to 5 years. If the same field is planted continuously for many years, strawberries will lack a large number of multiple trace elements required, resulting in low yield and reduced quality.
Second, because the strawberries grown have not been purified and rejuvenated, the variety characteristics will deteriorate, and it is necessary to purify and rejuvenate them or introduce new and superior varieties.
Third, in greenhouse cultivation, the use of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer should be vigorously promoted. Because the application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in the greenhouse can effectively increase photosynthesis, this measure can allow strawberries to be harvested 8 to 10 days in advance, improve the quality of strawberry fruits, and increase the yield by more than 10%, achieving the effect of increasing production and income.
The fourth is to vigorously introduce and promote excellent varieties.