There is an industrial cluster producing fruit packaging cartons in Weifeng Township and Dingzhou Village, Huxian County, about 30 kilometers west of Xi. There are more than 260 enterprises specializing in the production of cartons in the cluster. In addition, many enterprises manufacture and provide all kinds of raw materials, auxiliary materials, supporting parts and services around cartons. Carton production has formed a division of labor and cooperation among enterprises in the local area. Since the spring of 2003, we have made many field trips to this industrial cluster. We try to collect the story of industrial cluster development through field observation and thinking, and explore the development path of industrialization in the western region.
General situation of carton industry cluster in Dingzhou village, Huxian county
Second, the local distribution of carton industry chain.
The division of labor and cooperation between the production links of a typical carton factory and the local cluster enterprises is shown in the following figure. The dotted box in the figure is the enterprise boundary of a carton factory.
A few years ago, the investment in building a carton factory was about 654.38 million yuan. Now, due to the price reduction of machinery and equipment, only 40 thousand to 50 thousand is needed Cartons are mainly used for fruit packaging, so production is seasonal. Generally speaking, production can start in summer and last until the end of the lunar calendar. Autumn fruit ripening season is the busiest time for carton production. A small-scale carton factory employs 20 ~ 30 workers and can produce 7000 ~ 8000 cartons every day. Large enterprises, with about 80 employees, can produce 30,000 cases a day during the peak production period in autumn. When the weather is fine, cartons that are drying can be seen everywhere on local roads and streets. Around the carton manufacturing, related enterprises have started division of labor and cooperation in the local area.
I. Origin
The formation of Huxian carton industry is directly related to the prosperity of Huxian local apple industry in the second half of 1980s. In the fruit market at that time, Huxian apples sold very well, and the trend of replacing bamboo baskets with cartons gradually appeared in apple packaging. At that time, there were two carton factories in Weifeng Township, and the production of cartons was mainly manual operation. The quality of fruit is closely related to the growing environment. Comparatively speaking, Huxian county is not suitable for growing apples. In the early 1990s, Huxian apples gradually lost their market, and fruit farmers cut down fruit trees one after another. However, apple cartons in Huxian county have a good market in Liquan, Baishui and other apple producing areas. By 1992, in just a few years, there were more than 60 carton factories in Dingzhou Village, Weifeng Township.
According to the statistics of enterprise offices in two townships, there are 2 16 carton manufacturers in Weifeng Township, 50 in Dawang Town, and Dingzhou Village in Weifeng Township is the most densely distributed. Administratively, although this industrial cluster spans two towns, it is adjacent to each other and closely linked with enterprises.
1。 Raw material supply and upstream industry of carton manufacturing;
(1) Acquisition of waste paper. Buy waste paper products and waste paper boxes for pulping and recycling paper. There are many family specialized households in Niudong and Cangyou of Huxian County, which are engaged in all kinds of waste purchase, sorting and rough processing. They collect waste paper boxes and paper products bought from various places and sell them to local paper-making enterprises. Shaanxi local waste paper products can no longer meet the needs of Huxian paper enterprises, and must be purchased from Ningxia, Henan and other nearby provinces.
(2) paper mills. There are 33 paper mills in Huxian County. About 65,438+00 paper mills produce carton paper. They converted waste paper boxes and waste paper into pulp and made paper for cartons. According to the estimation of the county township enterprise bureau, the county's annual carton paper is about 1 10000 tons. By the end of 2003, the local output can only meet half of the demand, and the other half needs to be purchased from Xi 'an Third Bridge and other places.
(3) coating printing. That is, white powder and latex are evenly mixed and coated on paper to form a white background color, which is cut into paper with uniform size to facilitate subsequent color printing. A coated paper factory produces about 10 tons of coated paper every day, and there are three such coated paper factories in the local area.
(4) suppliers of sodium silicate. Sodium silicate used for carton gluing is a mineral product, which is produced in Inner Mongolia. Previously used sodium silicate needs to be purchased by enterprises themselves in other places.
(5) making glue. It is used to heat and boil sodium silicate to make carton paste and corrugated paper glue. In the past, every carton factory boiled its own glue and gradually separated it. Professional enterprises provide finished rubber for carton factories.
(6) Big white powder manufacturing. Big white powder is a kind of stone powder that has been mechanically crushed and ground. Usually widely used in wall painting in construction industry, it is also the raw material for producing coated paper. The large demand of local coated paper mill and the transportation cost of this low-value goods stimulated the production of local white powder.
(7) Flat wire manufacturing. Flat wire is to stretch and flatten the finished iron wire on a wire drawing machine. In the process of carton binding, flat thread should be used as staple, similar to staple of stapler.
(8) corrugated board production. With the gradual opening of the industrial packaging carton market and the deepening of local division of labor, a new enterprise specializing in the production of corrugated cardboard has emerged in Dawang Town, with complete sets of machinery and equipment. The corrugated cardboard produced can be directly supplied to the local carton factory to produce cartons.
2。 Carton manufacturing related supporting enterprises and auxiliary materials
(1) template design and manufacture. That is to say, design and customize the knife die for the die-cutting machine of the carton factory. Different specifications of cartons make different templates. Template design and production used to be the auxiliary production link of carton plant, which has been separated from carton plant. At present, there are four family workshop enterprises specializing in template design. The service life of a template is about 654.38 million boxes. (2) Production of fence boards and linings. Baffle and liner belong to a matching "component" inside the carton, and their production technology is slightly different from that of the carton. This kind of production has been separated from the carton factory and has become a professional supporting enterprise.
(3) Manufacture of foam net cover. The production process of plastic foam net has nothing to do with the manufacture of cartons, but the foam net can be sold together with cartons to facilitate customers' purchase.
(4) Carton pattern design and plate making. This business is mainly undertaken by some computer typing shops in Dawang Town.
(5) color printing. The printing of carton paper is different from the printing of books and magazines in technology, and there are many local color printing enterprises. ?
(6) drying and bundling. This link used to exist in carton factories, and some locals specially dried cartons for various carton factories. This production activity has gradually become an outsourcing service.
3。 Supporting industries and related service industries
(1) Maintenance and guarantee of mechanical equipment. Including the after-sales maintenance service of machine manufacturing enterprises, the supply of wearing parts, etc. In hotels in Dawang Town, permanent representatives or service personnel of equipment manufacturing enterprises are stationed all the year round. In addition, there are suppliers of wearing parts. For example, the nylon sleeve on the die-cutting machine belongs to the wearing parts, and there is such a supplier in Dawang Town.
(2) Carton vendors.
(3) the transporter.
(4) Acquisition of carton scraps.
(5) Workers
Looking back, the ancestors of Dingzhou village struggled for a better life in a difficult environment. Today, their descendants have created their own beautiful life with hard-working hands and become civilized and wealthy villages far and near. Looking forward to the future, we fully believe that under the strong leadership of the Party, with the horn of the western development blowing, the people of Dingzhou Village will join the people of the whole country in stepping into a well-off society and realize the glory that people from generation to generation expect.