Chenggu Mandarin is a geographical indication certification trademark. Chenggu mandarin oranges are agricultural products with geographical indications.
Chenggu citrus cultivation has a long history, dating back more than 2,000 years. Chenggu citrus is sweet and sour, with unique flavor and excellent quality. It is favored by northern consumers, mainly in the northwest. Vigorously developing the citrus industry has effectively promoted the formation of advantageous industries such as Chenggu citrus (17 photos) and increased farmers' income. The total area of ??citrus in the county reaches more than 200,000 acres. There are 16 towns, 209 administrative villages, 55,000 households and 149,000 farmers engaged in citrus cultivation. 100,000 acres of citrus have obtained the national green food certification, and 2,000 acres of citrus have passed the national good agricultural practice certification. It has cultivated two provincial and municipal leading citrus agricultural industrialization enterprises, Pan Asia and Dongsheng, and more than 10 citrus professional cooperatives such as Huayuan, Zhengjiapo, and Sanhe. The citrus industry has become a strong characteristic industry with the best benefits and the greatest potential in the rural economy of our county
Every 100 grams of edible part of Chenggu citrus contains 0.05 mg of riboflavin and 0.3 mg of niacin. Chenggu citrus ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 16 mg, protein 0.9 g, fat 0.1 g, sugar 12 g, crude fiber 0.2 g, inorganic salt 0.4 g, calcium 26 mg, phosphorus 15 mg, iron 0.2 mg, calorie 221.9 joules. The carotene (provitamin A) content in oranges is second only to apricots and higher than other fruits. Citrus also contains a variety of vitamins. In addition, it also contains elements such as potassium, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine and silicon.
Chenggu County in Hanzhong has produced "tribute oranges" since ancient times and is known as the "Orange Township". It is the only eugenic land of "sweet and sour" citrus in the world. Among them, varieties such as "Zhangqian Mandarin", "Shengxian Mandarin" and "Hanjiang Mandarin" have obtained national green food registration certification. Chenggu mandarin oranges have a unique flavor of sweet but latent sourness, refreshing taste, and have an early maturity period. Autumn is the season when oranges mature, and the oranges you buy at this time are the freshest. You can also go to the orange gardens in Chenggu to pick oranges, which are cheap and delicious.
Specific qualities
Bright color, smooth fruit surface, rich flavor, moderate sweetness and sourness, crisp and tender meat, refreshing fragrance and good slag dissolving properties
Cultural allusions
Citrus is a traditional specialty industry in Chenggu, with a long cultivation history of 2,000 years. Chenggu citrus is famous throughout the north for its characteristics of early maturity, good coloring, sweet and sour taste, and rich fruity flavor.
Regional Scope
The Chenggu tangerine production area is Jueyuan Town, Yuangong Town, Wenchuan Town, Laozhuang Town, Baoshan Town, Chenggu County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, Fourteen towns and villages, including Wulang Township, Longtou Town, Cuijiashan Town, Bowang Town, Shaheying Town, Liulin Town, Sanhe Township, Dongjiaying Township and Shangyuanguan Town, currently have administrative areas under their jurisdiction, with a total production area of ??16,700 hectares. Annual output is 220,000 tons. The area is located at 107°03′-107°30′ east longitude, 32°45′-33°40′ north latitude, with an average altitude of 800 meters. The county borders Yang County in the east, Hantai and Liuba County in the west, and Nanzheng and Xixiang County in the south. The main citrus producing area in the county starts from Baoshan Town in the east, Wenchuan Town in the west, Jueyuan Town in the north, and Dongjiaying Township in the south.
Natural ecological environment and humanistic and historical factors
(1) Soil and landform conditions: The terrain of Chenggu County is high in the north and low in the south. The territory is divided into three major geological and landform regions: south, middle and north. , the north is the Qinba mountainous area and hilly area, and the middle is the river flat dam area. The arable soil is mainly loamy soil, with a deep soil layer, an organic matter content of more than 1.5%, rich in phosphorus and potassium, a pH value between 5.5-7.2, a low groundwater level, and good water and fertilizer retention capabilities. The content of cadmium, arsenic and other metals in the soil is lower than the green citrus production indicator requirements.
(2) Hydrological conditions: Chenggu County has an excellent ecological environment, with a forest coverage rate of 54%, fresh air, and clean water quality. The county has the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, the Han River, which runs from east to west. It is rich in water resources. The irrigation water source in the production area is mainly the _Shui River. There are no large industrial enterprises in the county and there are few small and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises. The irrigation water quality is good and pollution-free. Chenggu tangerine production provides good irrigation conditions.
(3) Climate conditions: Chenggu County has a north subtropical humid monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 14.3-15℃, the effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ is more than 4800, the annual rainfall is 800-1000 mm, the relative humidity is about 74%, the annual sunshine hours are more than 1500 hours, the frost-free period is 218-238 days, and the citrus ripening season ( Autumn) The temperature drops early and the temperature difference between day and night is >12℃.
(4) Humanities and history: Chenggu is the hometown of Zhang Qian, a famous diplomat in the Western Han Dynasty and pioneer of the Silk Road, and has a profound cultural and historical heritage. Citrus has always been a traditional specialty industry in Chenggu County, with a long cultivation history that can be traced back to the Han Dynasty, more than 2,000 years ago. There is also a description in "Historical Records of Huo Shi Biography" that "there are thousands of orange trees in Jiangling of the Shu Han Dynasty, and all of them are like thousands of marquises". It can be seen that during the Han Dynasty, citrus cultivation was already taking place in the Han River Basin in southern Shaanxi, and it was already valued by the ancients. Another example is the "New Tang Book Geography" written by Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty: "Xingyuan Prefecture paid tribute to oranges." Xingyuanfu includes Chenggu and its west, which shows that the quality of citrus in Chenggu and other places in Hanzhong was excellent at that time. In the fifty-sixth year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1717), "citrus fruits in Chenggu County were much better than those in other counties" (Kangxi's "Chenggu Chronicles" and "Hanzhong Prefecture Chronicles"). By the thirty-first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1905), Chenggu County's In Gu County, "Danjie and yellow tangerines are produced in the village near the mouth of Shengxian Valley in the north of the county. Hundreds of thousands of tangerines are harvested every year and are sold throughout Hanzhong Prefecture and in the province by land transportation." 》). The above records fully prove that Chenggu citrus cultivation has a long history and is of excellent quality.
In 2001, Chenggu was named the “Citrus Hometown of China” by the Ministry of Forestry. In 2002, "Miyachuan", "Xingjin" and "Chengmi 02" produced by Chenggu were recognized as "high-quality fruits" by the Citrus Seedling Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, and were issued "High-quality Fruit Certificate" and " Variety Registration Certificate”. In 2005, at the Beijing International Agricultural Products Fair, Chenggu citrus was awarded the "Best-Selling Product Award". From 2003 to 2007, the 100,000-mu green citrus base successfully passed the green fruit base certification and product A-level certification of the National Green Food Development Center.
Production technical requirements
(1) Selection of origin: Choose loose and fertile soil, with an organic matter content above 1.5g/kg, a soil layer above 80 cm, and a texture of loam, sandy loam and Build the garden in light clay soil with a soil pH of 5.5-7.2 and a groundwater level below 1 meter. The environmental conditions of the place of production should meet the requirements of the environmental conditions of the place of production of pollution-free food, forest and fruit products (NY5013-2006).
(2) Variety selection: Extra early maturing varieties: Ninan No. 1, Oura, Shanchuan, Shiwen, etc. Early maturing varieties
Variety: Xingjin, Miyagawa, Yamashita red, etc. Mid-late maturing varieties: Chenggu Bingtang Orange, Zhuhong Orange, etc.
(3) Production process management: Chenggu Mandarin follows the requirements of the Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Food Citrus (NY/T5015-2002).
(4) Product harvest and post-harvest treatment: Harvest at the right time, in batches and by double-cutting to avoid fruit damage.
(5) Production record requirements: During the entire process of Chenggu mandarin production, field production files must be established, fully recorded and properly preserved for reference.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics: Chenggu tangerine fruit is oblate, with dignified fruit shape, smooth fruit surface, and They are medium to small, bright orange or orange-red in color, and have thin skin that is easy to separate.
(2) Intrinsic quality indicators: The fruit is tender and juicy, easy to digest, moderately sweet and sour, and rich in flavor. The soluble solid content is 11-12%, the total acid content is 0.62g/100ml, the solid-acid ratio is 17.4, the edible rate is over 72%, the Vc content is 30.27mg/100ml, reducing sugar is 2.94g/100ml, and invert sugar is 9.5g/100ml. , total sugar 9.17g/100ml.
(3) Safety requirements: Chenggu Mandarin follows the hygienic requirements of pollution-free food citrus fruits (NY5014-2005).
Relevant regulations such as packaging labels
After the fruits are strictly graded according to standards and pass the quality inspection, the Chenggu tangerine packaging logo will be uniformly used and a credit card system will be implemented, that is, it will be printed in each box Product credit card with origin (township, village group, name of farmer), variety, grade, quantity, etc. to ensure the quality of the fruit.
(1) Fruit selection and grading: According to the national standard "Fresh Citrus" (GB/T12947-91), Chenggu tangerines (Chenggu tangerines) are divided into high-quality products, first-class products, There are three levels of second-class products.
(2) Packaging: Comply with the provisions of "Apple and Orange Packaging" (GB/T13607-92).
(3) Labeling: The packaging labeling of the same batch of Chenggu mandarins must be completely unified in form and content.
The content of the label includes the geographical indication words and grade of the "Chenggu Miji" agricultural product, origin, net weight, consignor's name, packaging date, and selection personnel code. If the product has a fruit quantity requirement, the quantity of fruit should be indicated.
(4) Storage and transportation: Storage and transportation comply with the "Green Food Storage and Transportation Guidelines" (NY/T1056-2006).