Excuse me, does Hefei No.8 Middle School have winter vacation homework in 20 10 physical chemistry?

Are you from Hefei No.8 Middle School? I demand extra points! ! !

Chemistry homework 4 is very similar to a set of papers on the internet, except that several multiple-choice questions are taken away in the middle. The questions and answers are as follows. You should check the multiple-choice questions and don't copy them wrong.

First, multiple choice questions

1. At present, the air pollutants in urban environmental pollution in China are mainly ().

A.NH3, NO, CO2, fog B. CO2, N2, Cl2, acid rain

C. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, soot, sulfur dioxide, N2, sandstorm

2. It is the duty of scientific workers to publicize scientific knowledge, introduce high technology and expose pseudoscience. Among the following items, pseudoscience belongs to ().

A, making graphite into diamond at high temperature and high pressure; B. using catalyst to change water into fuel oil.

C, compounds that change free nitrogen in the air into nitrogen D, artificial rainfall with silver iodide.

3. When the graphite bomb explodes, a large number of graphite fibers can be taken away within a few hundred meters of Fiona Fang, resulting in the loss of power lines and power plant equipment. This is due to graphite ().

A. Radioactivity B. Flammable and explosive C. Conductivity D. Extremely toxic

4. Some people abroad use laser to blow loose the carbon atoms on the graphite target placed in the iron room, and at the same time use RF electric spark to spray N2. At this time, carbon and nitrogen atoms combine to form a carbon-nitrogen compound film. It is said that this compound may be harder than diamond, and the reason may be ()

A. crystals with a network structure composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms B. carbon-nitrogen bonds are shorter than those in diamond.

C. There are more electrons in the outermost layer of nitrogen atoms than carbon atoms. The chemical properties of carbon and nitrogen are inactive.

5. Chloramine (NH2Cl) is an effective and powerful disinfectant under neutral or acidic conditions. Accordingly, the substance produced by the hydrolysis of chloramine in aqueous solution is ().

A.HCl 0 and HCl b.nh4c 1 and HCl c.nh4cl and HCl 0d.nh4cl and HClO3

6. The following groups of substances are composed of a dry gas and a liquid, and the combination in which the fountain experiment can be carried out and the liquid almost fills the flask is ().

A.Cl2, saturated salt solution B. SO2, ammonia C. NH3, dilute hydrochloric acid D. NO2 water.

7. It is reported in1999 that the compound N5ASF6 containing high-energy positive ion N5+ was synthesized and separated. The following statement is wrong ().

A.n5+* * has 34 extranuclear electrons. B. N-N atoms in N5+are combined with * * through electron pairs.

C the valence of As in compound N5AsF6 is+1, and that of f in compound N5AsF6 is-1.

8. In order to apply fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the same time, the suitable combination of the following fertilizers is (): ① plant ash ② KCl ③ CA (H2PO4) ② (NH4) 2SO4 ④ ammonia water.

A.①③④ B.②③④ C.①③⑤ D.②③⑤

9. Common pollutants are divided into primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. Secondary pollutants are new pollutants produced by the changes of primary pollutants discharged into the environment under the action of physical, chemical factors or microorganisms. For example, reaction 2NO+O2-2NO2, and nitrogen dioxide is the secondary pollutant. The following three gases: ① sulfur dioxide, ② nitrogen dioxide and ③ hydrogen sulfide, of which () can produce secondary pollutants.

A. only 12B. Only 23C. Only 13D. All of them

Look. At 20℃ and 1 atmospheric pressure, three equal-volume flasks containing ammonia, hydrogen chloride and nitrogen dioxide were placed in a water tank. When water enters the flask and the gas is completely dissolved, assuming that the solution in the flask is not lost, the ratio of substance concentration of the obtained solution is ().

a . 1: 1: 1 b . 5:5:4 c . 1:2:3d . 1: 1:2

1 1. In acidic solution, there are one or more NO3-, I-, Cl- and Fe3+ ions. When bromine water is added to the solution, bromine is reduced, so () in the solution is inferred.

A. There must be iodine ions, but not sure whether there are chloride ions. B. there must be nitrate ions.

C it must contain iodine ions, chloride ions and nitrate ions. D. no iron ions and nitrate ions.

12. The commercial "household disinfectant generator" takes refined salt and tap water as raw materials. When the generator is powered on, a large number of bubbles are generated on the electrode plate in the generator (at the same time, the generated gas is in full contact with the electrolyte), and the prepared mixed liquid has strong sterilization ability and will not cause harm to human body. The chemical reactions involved in the preparation of disinfectant by this generator are ()

①2 NaCl+2h2o NaOH+H2 ↑+ Cl2↑②cl2+2naoh═nacl+naclo+h20

③h2+cl2═2hcl ④cl2+h20═hcl+hclo ⑤2hclo═2hcl+o2

A.①④⑤ B.①② C.③④⑤ D.②③④

13. soda ash is usually prepared by ammonia-alkali method in soda ash industry. Introducing ammonia and carbon dioxide into the saturated salt solution to separate out baking soda, and then filtering and roasting to obtain soda ash. But potassium carbonate can't be prepared by ammonia-alkali method, the reason may be ()

The solubility of A.khco 3 is relatively high, and that of b. khco 3 is relatively low.

C.K2CO3 has poor solubility and D. K2CO3 has good solubility.

14. Aluminum nitride (AlN) does not conduct electricity after melting, and is often used as grinding wheel and high-temperature resistant material, so it is inferred that it belongs to ().

A. ionic crystal B. atomic crystal C. molecular crystal D. impossible to judge

15. According to Space Science and Technology, carbon trioxide (C2O3) is one of the components of Venus' atmosphere. The following statement about C2O3 is wrong ()

A.C2O3 and CO2 are oxides of carbon. C2O3 and CO2 are anhydrides of carbonic acid.

C.C2O3 and C0 are reducible. The combustion product of C2O3 and C0 is CO2.

16. The following statement can prove that the colorless transparent liquid is pure water ().

A. the pH=7 of the liquid = 7 is measured as 7.

B, electrolyzing the liquid to obtain hydrogen and oxygen with a volume ratio of 2:1.

C, adding metallic sodium, the sodium swims rapidly on the liquid surface and hisses.

D, the boiling point is 373. 15K under the pressure of10.0l×105pa.

17. Introduce sufficient CO2 into the mixed dilute solution of KOH and Ca(OH)2, and the relationship between the amount of precipitate (n) and the volume of CO2 introduced (v) is correct ().

18. At room temperature, inject the following groups of gases (first group, then the other group) into four vacuum sealed containers with the same volume. After all the gases are injected, the pressure sequence in the container is ().

①2mol of hydrogen and 1mol of oxygen; ②2mol of hydrogen sulfide and 1mol of sulfur dioxide.

③2mol nitric oxide and 1mol oxygen; ④2 mol of ammonia water and 1 mol of hydrogen chloride.

A.①=②=③& gt； ④b .①& gt； ②=③& gt； ④c .③& gt； ④& gt； ①& gt； ②d .①& gt； ③& gt； ④& gt； ②

19. After introducing a certain amount of chlorine into the mixed solution of NaBr, NaI and Na2SO3, the solution evaporates and burns fully, and the composition of the obtained solid residue may be ().

A. Sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium borohydride, sodium borohydride and sodium sulfate

20. In the picture below, the conical bottle is filled with gas X and the dropper is filled with liquid Y. If the rubber head of the dropper is squeezed, the liquid Y will drop into the bottle and oscillate. After a while, balloon A will be inflated. The following statement is true ()

A.x is NH3, y is concentrated ammonia B.x is SO2, and y is concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.

C.x is CO2, y is dilute sulfuric acid, d.x is HCl, and y is NaN03 dilute solution.

2 1.x (salt) reacts with y (acid), which can release smelly gas z; Z reacts with NaOH to obtain X (salt); The final product of Z oxidation is W gas, which is dissolved in water to obtain Y (acid). Then x (salt) and y (acid) are ()

A.Na2S and dilute sulfuric acid B. Na2SO3 and hydrochloric acid C. Na2S and hydrochloric acid D. Na2SO3 and dilute sulfuric acid.

22. SO2 and X gas were introduced into BaCl2 solution respectively, and no precipitation was found. If SO2 and X gas are introduced at the same time and there is precipitation, then X gas can't be ().

A.CO2 B . NH3 c . c . c 12d H2S

23. Controlling Taihu Lake pollution is an important environmental protection project in China. One of the measures is to promote phosphorus-free washing powder in Taihu Lake basin, which is another important "green chemical product" after the promotion of fluorine-free refrigerator and lead-free gasoline. The following statement about phosphorus pollution is incorrect ().

A. Phosphorus is a nutrient element, which promotes fish reproduction. B.phosphorus is a toxic substance, which will kill animals and plants in the water.

C phosphorus causes algae to grow wildly, and fish cannot survive due to lack of oxygen. Phosphorus promotes the decomposition of animal and plant carcasses in water.

Second, fill in the blanks

1. The white pigment in oil painting is lead white [Pb3(OH)2(C03)2]. When an oil painting is left in the air for a long time, its white part may turn black due to the action of a very small amount of H2S in the air. The chemical equation of this reaction is as follows. Carefully wipe the blackened area with aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution to restore white color. Its chemical equation is.

2. Is there 100mL2mol in the beaker? L- 1 H2SO4 solution, in which a plastic ball with smooth surface floats in the center of the solution (as shown in the figure below). Slowly inject 0.4 mol into this beaker? L- 1 Ba(OH)2 solution reacted completely. In this experiment:

(1) The observed experimental phenomena are as follows:

① ;

② ;

(2) The reasons for the above phenomenon are:

(3) The ionic equation of the reaction in the experiment is:

3. In order to prevent acid rain and reduce SO2 discharged into the atmosphere during coal combustion, quicklime is mixed with sulfur-containing coal for industrial use. Please write the chemical equation of "sulfur fixation" (preventing sulfur-containing compounds from entering the atmosphere) during combustion:

4. One of the ways to reduce the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust is to install a "catalytic converter" (using Pt-Pd alloy as catalyst) on the exhaust pipe of the automobile. Its function is to make CO and NO react to generate non-toxic gas which can participate in the circulation of atmospheric ecological environment, and promote the full combustion of hydrocarbons and the transformation of SO2.

(1) Write the chemical equation of the reaction of CO and NO:

(2) The disadvantage of "catalytic converter" is that it improves the acidity of air to a certain extent, for the following reasons.

5. In environmental protection testing, the concentration of harmful gas is usually expressed by mg/L of harmful gas in 1L gas sample. If the concentration of CO in the gas sample is determined, the method and steps are as follows:

① Firstly, 2.00L gas sample is passed through a heating tube filled with I2O5 solid, and CO2 and I2 are generated after reaction;

② Absorb the generated iodine with 30.0 ml of 5.00×10-3 mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution, and the reaction is as follows:

I2+2s 2032-= 2I-+s4o 62-；

③ Take out the solution of 1/5 in ②, and add1.00 mll.00×10-2 mol/L of iodine water, just to completely oxidize the excess sodium thiosulfate in the solution.

(1) Write the chemical equation of the reaction when CO passes through a heating tube containing I2O5 in step ①.

(2) Calculate the concentration of carbon monoxide in the sample.

6. Chlorination of organics in drinking water with Cl2 will generate organochlorine compounds, which are harmful to human body. The World Environmental Protection Union is about to completely ban the disinfection of drinking water with chlorine. It is suggested to popularize chlorine dioxide, a broad-spectrum and efficient disinfectant.

(1) The advantages of using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant for drinking water are as follows:

(2) At present, some European countries use NaClO3 to oxidize concentrated hydrochloric acid to prepare ClO2, and at the same time, Cl2 is generated, and the volume of Cl2 is half that of ClO2. The chemical equation of this reaction is:

(3) Recently, China has successfully studied the preparation of chlorine dioxide by oxidizing sodium chlorite with chlorine dioxide (under the protection of N2). The chemical equation of this reaction is:

The advantages of this reaction are:

(4) In the presence of H2SO4, Na2SO3 can also reduce NaClO3 to generate ClO2, and the chemical equation of the reaction is:

7. As shown in the figure below, it can be seen that:

① A, B, C and D are simple elements of the first three periodic elements.

(2) Under certain conditions, A and C, A and D all react in the molar ratio of 1: 3 to generate X and Y respectively, and the element A in the product is negative.

③ Under certain conditions, B and C, B and D all react according to the molar ratio of L: 2 to produce Z and W respectively, and the element B in the product is negative;

Please fill in the blanks:

(1) A is, B is.

(2) The chemical equation for the reaction of A and C to generate X is:

(3) The chemical equation of the reaction between B and D to form W is:

8. As shown in the figure, A, B and C are three common simple substances, and X, Y and Z are common compounds. There are the following points between them

Transformation relation:

(1) If A is a reducible metal element and one of X, Y and Z is an ionic crystal, try to infer that:

(1) X, Y and Z contain element C (fill in the chemical formula of the substance);

② Z is the main component of qi at this time;

③ The chemical equation of the reaction between X and A is

(2) If A is an oxidizing yellow-green gas, C is usually a dark red liquid, the cations of Y and Z are the same, and the anions of X and Z are the same. Try to infer:

① Write the chemical formulas of A, B and C;

(2) Write the ionic equation of the complete reaction of X with enough A in the solution.

9.x, Y and Z are simple elements of three nonmetallic elements with different short periods. Under certain conditions, there are the following reactions: Y+X→A (gas), Y+Z→B (gas). Please answer the following two different situations:

(1) If X, Y and Z are gases at room temperature, and white smoke appears when A and B combine to form solid C, then:

① The chemical formula of y is;

② The chemical equation for generating solid C is.

(2) If Y is solid at room temperature, X and Z are gases, and A can be fully combusted in air to generate B, then:

① The chemical formula of b is;

(2) Excess A is introduced into the caustic soda solution, and the ionic equation of the reaction is:

③ Two kinds of strong acids can be generated when Y fully reacts with the aqueous solution of simple materials in (1). The chemical equation of this reaction is

[Reference answer]

Multiple choice

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12

A. D.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 1 22 23

A B B D D D AB BD A A C

Fill in the blanks

1.pb3(oh)2(co3)2+h2s═3pbs+4h2o+2co2

PbS+4H2O2═PbSO4+4H2O

2.( 1)① White precipitate appears in the solution; (2) adding barium hydroxide solution into sulfuric acid until the reaction is complete, and generating white barium sulfate precipitate. At this time, the liquid in the beaker is only water, and its density ratio is 2mol? When the density of L- 1 sulfuric acid is small, the original suspended ball in the center of the beaker sinks to the bottom (the density of the ball is 2mol? L- 1 the density of sulfuric acid is almost the same)

3.cao+so2═caso3； 2CaSO3+O2═CaSO4

(1) 2co+2no ═ N2+2co2 (2) transforms SO2 into SO33, and SO2+H2O═h2so 4 produces sulfuric acid smoke.

5.( 1)5CO+I2O5═I2+5CO2

② According to 5CO+I2O5═I2+5CO2 and I2+2S2O2-3═2I-+S4O62-

Carbon monoxide concentration:1.75mg/L.

6.( 1) ClO _ 2 has strong oxidation, is an efficient disinfectant, and does not react with organic substances in addition or substitution.

(2)2NaClO3+4CHl (concentrated) Cl2 =+ClO2+2 NaCl+2 H2O.

(3)Cl2+2NaClO2═2ClO2+2NaCl

(4)na2so3+2naclo3+h2so4═2clo2+2na2so4+h20

7.( 1)N2，O2

light

(2) N2+3mg == Mg3N2