Yuanmingyuan destroyed ten treasures. Yuanmingyuan is a very famous treasure house in Qing Dynasty, which contains all kinds of priceless cultural relics. Unfortunately, many cultural relics were either robbed or burned. The following are ten treasures destroyed by Yuanmingyuan.
Ten treasures destroyed in Yuanmingyuan 1 Top 1, bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac in Yuanmingyuan.
Speaking of the top ten rare treasures of Yuanmingyuan, the most valuable one is the bronze animal head of the zodiac, which was once a part of the fountain outside Haiyan Hall in Yuanmingyuan. 1860, the British and French allied forces invaded China and burned Yuanmingyuan, and the bronze statue of the animal head began to be lost overseas. Fortunately, as of March 20021year, the heads of cattle, monkeys, tigers, pigs, rats, rabbits and horses have returned to the motherland. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the other five statues are still unknown.
Top2, long-necked gourd
This is a treasure collected by Qing Qianlong in Yuanmingyuan, with a picture of "long life", pale yellow land and foreign icing on the cake. The final auction price of Sotheby's Hong Kong 20 10 10 07 is 220 million yuan! The decorative patterns painted on the bottle body of the long-necked gourd are colorful, overlapping and staggered, and the composition is exquisite, meticulous and colorful, which looks extremely beautiful.
Ps: After adopting and being familiar with the painting techniques pioneered by Qianlong in the early years, Jingdezhen porcelain makers in the Qing Dynasty created a luxurious and complicated decorative craft-"rolling the brocade on the track", which is a craft to depict grass patterns, phoenix-tailed patterns and flower patterns on the glaze with fine needles to show the effect of "brocade". The long-necked gourd bottle in Yuanmingyuan is the masterpiece of this period.
Top3, forty scenes
One of the top ten rare treasures of Yuanmingyuan is the 40 scene pictures drawn by court painters and ci ministers according to the will of Emperor Qianlong in the ninth year of Qianlong (1744). 1860, the Yuanmingyuan was burned down, and forty scenes were taken away by the invaders, which were dedicated to the French emperor Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, and are now in the National Library of Paris, France.
Top4, "Emotional Ink Flower" Handscroll
In Yuanmingyuan, there are also many famous paintings and calligraphy, which are especially precious. Chen Gua's "Mood and Ink Flowers" is one of them. In fact, it is an old collection of Chunhua Xuan in Yuanmingyuan, with complete seals and stone canals. 20 10 12, at Christie's auction house in Hong Kong, the final auction price of "Love Rhyme Ink Flower" was 1. 137 billion yuan, which is now collected by collectors Liu Yiqian and Wang Wei.
Top5, seal of Yuanmingyuan
Speaking of the rare treasures in Yuanmingyuan, the seal of Yuanmingyuan is definitely one and absolutely priceless, but there are not many records about it. At the end of the same year, diplomat Xue Fucheng recorded in the Diary of the Four Kingdoms that in the 16th year of Guangxu (AD 1890), the "Imperial Seal of Yuanmingyuan" was found in the China showroom of Paris Oriental Museum. One said:' Baohe Taihe', sapphire square seal, slightly larger; A' Yuanmingyuan Seal', white jade square seal, slightly smaller. "
Top6, Panorama of Yuanmingyuan
Forty scenes of Yuanmingyuan, including 40 groups of 80 panoramic pictures of Yuanmingyuan drawn during Qianlong period, were drawn by court painters Shen Yuan and Tang Dai in Qing Dynasty and inscribed by Qianlong. In terms of preciousness, it can definitely be included in the top ten rare treasures of Yuanmingyuan. 1860, the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing, and a large number of precious cultural relics, including the Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan, were also taken away by the British and French allied forces.
Top7, historical map of women
Among the treasures in the Yuanmingyuan, celebrity paintings and calligraphy are absolutely the most precious. Among them, A History of Women is a silk painting by Gu Kaizhi, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is a rare treasure in ancient scroll paintings in China. 1860 was snatched from Yuanmingyuan by the British and French allied forces. The original picture of a woman's history has been lost, and there is a copy of the Tang Dynasty, the original picture 12 paragraph. Because of its age, there are only nine paragraphs left, which are used to color silk books and are now collected in the British Museum.
Top8, Qing Yongzheng Royal Cloisonne Double Crane Incense Burner.
"Qing Yongzheng Royal Silk and Enamel Double Crane Incense Burner" is a royal silk and enamel incense burner, which was made for Li Hong to celebrate Yong Zhengdi's birthday. A pair of * * * are orphans, and the height of incense burner is 145 cm (57 inches). This pair of incense burners has been living abroad for a long time since the late Qing Dynasty, and it is an old collection of British "mountain houses". 20 10 was auctioned by Christie's in Hong Kong, and Liu Luanxiong, the richest man in Hong Kong, bought it for 1. 1 1 100 million yuan and collected it.
Top9, Kangxi jade ruyi
Kangxi Jade Ruyi, carved from precious white jade, is white and green in color and carved into the shape of porous fungus. The inscription on the top of the handle is "Yu", and the inscription on the lower part is: "I wish you many years, Xian Yi on earth. When Minister Wu came in, it can be regarded as one of the top ten rare treasures of Yuanmingyuan in terms of the preciousness of Kangxi Jade Ruyi. 1860 was plundered from Yuanmingyuan by the British and French allied forces, and now it is collected in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, USA.
Top 10, yellow pastel Fushou Wan Nian Yun Kou bottle
"Yellow pastel longevity rhyme bottle" is the official kiln porcelain bottle in the early Jiaqing period. Its workmanship is fine, and the bottle mouth is turned backwards, which is very rare. Painted with turquoise and green glaze, the mouth is golden. Using foreign color technology, you can feel the obvious three-dimensional effect by touching it with your hands. Porcelain bottles were exiled to Yuanmingyuan in 1860, and were once collected in Fangshan House. 20 10 was auctioned by Christie's in Hong Kong, with an auction price of 77.62 million yuan, a record high for Jiaqing porcelain.
Ten treasures destroyed in Yuanmingyuan 2 What are the cultural relics destroyed in Yuanmingyuan?
1, Proverbs of Female History
A Historical Map of Women is a silk painting created by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The original has been lost. There is a Tang Dynasty book with the original 12 paragraph. Due to its long history, there are only nine paragraphs left, which are colored for silk books and are now in the British Museum.
The work depicts the deeds of the female fan, including the story of Feng Yuan who blocked the bear and protected the Han emperor in the Han Dynasty. There is a story that Ban Jieyu refused to die with Han Chengdi, in case the emperor was infatuated with women and made political mistakes. The rest of the paragraphs describe the moral feelings that upper-class women should have, with a certain didactic nature.
2, "Luo Shen Fu Tu"
Luo Shen Fu is a work by Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The original volume of Luoshen Fu Tu is a colorful silk book. It is a long scroll composed of multiple storylines, similar to comics, and has been lost. At present, there are four books handed down from ancient times, which are collected in the Palace Museum (two books), the Liaoning Provincial Museum and the friel Art Museum. The two figures in the Palace Museum are basically similar, but the scenery is complex and simple.
3. Li Sao Jing
Lisao is a poem written by Qu Yuan, a poet in China during the Warring States Period, and it is also the longest lyric poem in ancient China. This poem centers on the poet's life experience, experience and mental journey. The first half repeatedly devoted the poet's attention to the fate of Chu and people's life.
Express the desire to reform politics, and the will to persist in ideals and never compromise with evil forces even in times of disaster; The second half reflects the poet's thoughts and feelings of patriotism and love for the people through the statement of dreaming, pursuing ideals and dying after failure.
4. The Ritual of Empress Dowager Cixi
The "Empress Dowager Rites Buddha" is a relief on the east wall of Binyang Middle Cave in Longmen Grottoes. It was created in the Northern Wei Dynasty and is an important relief work in ancient China, which was later sold abroad. Among them, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Ritual Buddha Map" is in new york Art Museum, and Queen Zhao Wen's "Ritual Buddha Map" is in Nelson Art Museum in Kansas City, USA.
5. bronze statue of the zodiac
The bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac in Yuanmingyuan was originally a part of the fountain outside Haiyan Hall in Yuanmingyuan, and it was a bronze statue of the Qing Dynasty. 1860, the British and French allied forces invaded China and burned Yuanmingyuan, and the bronze statue of the animal head began to be lost overseas.
By June of 20 19,1/0/year, seven bronze statues of lost animal heads in Yuanmingyuan, such as ox head, monkey head, tiger head, pig head, rat head, rabbit head and horse head, have returned to the motherland in different ways. Among them, the bronze statues of pig's head and horse's head were purchased by Mr. Stanley Ho in 2003 and 20 19 respectively, and returned to China.
20 13 On April 26th, the French Pino family announced that they would donate rat heads and rabbit heads to China for free. 2019165438+1October 13. Stanley Ho donated the bronze statue of horse head to National Cultural Heritage Administration and returned it to the Yuanmingyuan for permanent collection. The whereabouts of the remaining four statues are still unknown.
Ten treasures destroyed in Yuanmingyuan 3 What architectural remains were there before the destruction of Yuanmingyuan?
Yuanmingyuan, located in Haidian District, the western suburb of Beijing, is adjacent to the Summer Palace. Built in the 46th year of Kangxi (1707), it consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden. Garden landscape 100, with a construction area of about 6,543,800 square meters. It is a large royal palace founded and operated by emperors of the Qing Dynasty in 654.38+0.50 years. Yuanmingyuan is called the Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens.
Grand Palace Gate: Five grand palace gates face south, with a large platform in front, and five rooms face east and west respectively.
Zheng Da Guangming Hall: Zheng Da Guangming Hall is the main hall of Yuanmingyuan. Every year, the emperor holds a birthday party, a banquet for relatives and friends, a banquet for courtiers, a banquet for the Chinese Yuan Dynasty, a dragon dance, an examination, a provincial examination and a second interview.
Diligence Hall: Diligence Hall is the front hall of hall of mental cultivation West Warm Pavilion, located on the east side of Guangming Hall in Zheng Da, where the emperor used to spend the summer, with a total of five halls.
Hall of mental cultivation's Xinuange is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs, meets ministers alone and examines imperial examination papers.
The largest building, Qin Shu Tang, is located in a courtyard in the west. In front of it, there is a palace gate and a hanging flower gate. Inside the Diaohuamen is a big yard, and Qinshutang is just to the north of this yard.
Kyushu Qingyan: Kyushu Qingyan is located on the shore of a thousand lakes, facing Zheng Da Guangming Hall across the lake. It consists of three halls, the first one is Yuanmingyuan Hall, the middle one is Fengsan Selfless Hall, and the northernmost one is Kyushu Qingyan Hall. To the east of the central axis, there is a "spring of heaven and earth", where Daoguang was born; There is "Le An He" in the west, which is the living room of Qianlong; There is Qinghui Pavilion in the west, and a huge panorama of Yuanmingyuan is hung on the north wall. The original painting is now in the Paris Museum.
In the tenth year of Daoguang, temples such as "Shende Hall" were built near the "History of Love Letters", all of which were the emperor's bedrooms; In the 16th year of Daoguang, Yuanmingyuan Hall, Fengsan Selfless Hall and Kyushu Qingyan Hall. At the same time, it was burned; Yong Zhengdi and Daoguang Emperor both died in Qingyan Temple in Kyushu.
Changchun Fairy Hall: Changchun Fairy Hall was built in Qianlong for nine years, 1744. Changchun Fairy Hall is located in the west of Qianhu Lake, where Qianlong lived before he ascended the throne. There are three temples and five main halls.
Carve the moon and open the clouds: Carve the moon and open the clouds, formerly known as Peony Pavilion, located in the southeast corner of Houhu Lake. Building wood is mainly wood grabbing, and two-color glazed tiles are attached to the top of the hall; After Qianlong acceded to the throne, it was renamed "Carving the Moon and Opening Clouds". Thirty-one years after Qianlong, he inscribed the plaque "Jisitang"; Hundreds of peonies of various colors have been planted in the hospital.
Bitong Academy: Bitong Academy was built in Qianlong for nine years, 1744. Located in the northeast corner of Houhu Lake, it is a study.
Upper and lower skylights: located in the northwest of Houhu Lake, the upper and lower skylights are two-story buildings, and you can enjoy the lakes and mountains when you go upstairs.
Xinghua Spring Pavilion: Xinghua Spring Pavilion is located in the west of the upper and lower skylight, facing the lake in the east and west, Xinghua Village in the west courtyard and the vegetable garden in front of the pavilion.
Open and frank: open and frank, close to the west bank of Houhu Lake, it is a fish culture area specially set up in Yuanmingyuan, with buildings around it and a big pool dug in the middle.
Wanfang Anhe: Wanfang Anhe is located on the west side of Xinghua Chunge. It is a large winding hall building built by water, with 33 rooms in total.
High-rise building with high mountains and high water levels: The high-rise building with high mountains and high water levels is located in the open west, which is a two-story building with 9 floors above and below. There are streams in front and mountains in the back, and the terrain in the middle is flat. It is a place where banquets are held for foreign princes, and contests and archery are often held.
Children's Paradise: Located in the northeast of Houhu Lake, Children's Paradise is the largest stage in the park. It has a three-story Yin Qing Pavilion with a width of 65,438+00 feet, and the lower floor is equipped with a stunt shaft.
Anyou Palace: Anyou Palace is located in the northwest corner of Yuanmingyuan. Built in Qianlong for seven years, it completely imitates the Imperial Palace ancestral temple. Portraits of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong are displayed in the hall.
Shui Mu B&B: Shui Mu B&B is located in the center of a small garden gathering area north of Houhu Lake, imitating Yangzhou Shuizhu House, with hydraulic soil fans inside, which is the earliest water viewing method in the garden.
Acropolis: Located in the east of Mincer, Shui Mu, Acropolis is a small town specially open in gardens. It is modeled after the layout of Shaluo, the capital of the ancient Indian Bridge. It is a place to worship various Buddha statues and collect Buddhist scriptures.
Wen Yuan Pavilion: Wen Yuan Pavilion, located in the north of Minsk, Shui Mu, was originally named Sida Pavilion. After visiting Zhejiang in the south, the Tianyi Pavilion of Ningbo Ming Dynasty Library was rebuilt, and the Sikuquanshu was specially stored.
Dagong Kuanran: Dagong Kuanran, also known as Shuanghezhai, is located in the northeast of the Acropolis. This is a group of large buildings in the garden. The main building is near the big pool in the north, and the scenery in the garden is reflected in the water. There are also scenic spots such as Yinshitang and the depths of Linghe River.
Xifeng Xiuse: Xifeng Xiuse pigment is known as Lushan Mountain in the garden, modeled after Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province; The Flower Harbor in Hou Yuan is modeled after the scenery of the West Lake in Hangzhou. Every year on Tanabata, there will be a wonderful feast here.
Siyi Bookstore: Siyi Bookstore is located in the northeast of Kulan Dagong, Hall 5. The main hall, named An Lan Garden, was rebuilt after Qianlong's southern tour, imitating Haining Chenyuan on the Hangzhou Bay.
Beiyuan Mountain Village: Beiyuan Mountain Village is located to the east of the North Gate, and there are rice fields everywhere. The names of all the houses are related to farming, showing a strong pastoral scenery.
Fanghu Scenic Area: Fanghu Scenic Area is located in the northeast corner of Fuhai water surface, which is a huge gable building.
Pengdao Yaotai: Located in the middle of Fuhai, Pengdao Yaotai has three islands, and its structure and layout are designed according to the painting "Castle on the Fairy Mountain" by the ancient painter Li Sixun.
Xiushan Room: Xiushan Room is located in the southeast corner of Fuhai. The interior decoration is all made of rosewood lacquerware, inlaid with gold and silver, precious stones and ivory. These rare treasures are carved with landscapes, pavilions, figures, flowers and trees, insects and birds. This kind of decoration, from design to carving technology, was created by a craftsman named Zhou in Hangzhou in the late Ming Dynasty, so it is called Zhou system, which occupies an important position in the history of sculpture in China.
Autumn Moon in Pinghu: Autumn Moon in Pinghu is located in the northwest corner of Fuhai, and its shape combines the essence of autumn moon in Pinghu, autumn moon in West Lake, autumn moon in Hangzhou and two peaks.
Quyuan Fenghe: Quyuan Fenghe is located in the south of Tongheyuan on the west bank of Fuhai, with a row of five halls, which was reconstructed after Hangzhou West Lake Quyuan, and there is also a 9-hole stone bridge in the pool.
Chunhua Xuan: Chunhua Xuan is the main building in the middle of Changchun Garden. Its completion coincides with the completion of the "Re-carved Spring Pavilion Sticker", so it is embedded in the left and right corridor walls, hence the name.
Haiyue placket: Haiyue placket is built in the pool, with a circular abutment, two floors above and below, and white marble railings around it. The stage has three floors, the lower floor is the front of the sea moon, and the south eaves are engraved with the words "Qingyao Island"; The middle layer is the golden pavilion, with the title "Tianxin water surface" 4 words; The top topic is "Take Six Dragons", and there is an archway on each side of the platform. Of all the pavilions in Yuanmingyuan, this group of buildings is the most luxurious.
Lion Forest: Lion Forest is located in the northeast corner of Changchun Garden. After Emperor Qianlong visited Suzhou, he imitated Suzhou Lion Forest, and built 8 scenes first, then 8 scenes, *** 16 scenes, forming a number of unique small garden attractions.
Ruyuan: Ruyuan is located in the southeast corner of Changchun Garden. In the thirty-second year of Qianlong's southern tour to Jiangning (now Nanjing), he modeled himself on Xu Da Zhan Yuan, a general of the Ming Dynasty.
Heqi: It was the first building built in the autumn of the 16th year of Qianlong. The main building is on the third floor. There is a large seawall fountain in the south of the building, which consists of bronze geese, bronze sheep and humpback grouper in the west. On the left and right sides of the building, the octagonal hall extends from the curved corridor, where Chinese and western music is played.
Haiyan Hall: It is the largest palace in the West Building. The main entrance of the main building faces west, and there is a big pool in front of the steps. Twelve bronze statues of animal faces (rats, cows, tigers, rabbits, dragons, snakes, horses, sheep, monkeys, chickens, dogs and pigs) are arranged around the pool in a figure of eight, and water is sprayed for one hour (two hours) day and night in turn. At noon, the zodiac sprays water together, commonly known as.
Dashuifa: It is the most spectacular fountain in the West Building. The building is shaped like a stone niche, similar to a doorway. There is a big lion head spraying water below, forming a seven-layer water curtain.
Water observation method: the water observation method is located at the southern end of the central axis of Yuan Yingguan. The main building has the pedestal of the emperor's throne, with a tall stone carving screen behind it and Bartholomew Gate on both sides. On both sides of the door, there is a giant water tower and a pool that receives water spray.
Flower Array: Flower Array, also known as Yellow Flower Array, is a garden modeled after the European maze. Brick walls engraved with characters four feet high are divided into several mazes, so they are called "Wanhua Array".
Line method mountain: there is a square river between line method mountain and line method wall. A water tank is set under the linear wall, and the model of Venice city is placed in the water tank. The emperor sat on the mountain of Linear Law to watch.