A photoelectric sensor is a sensor that uses photoelectric elements as detection elements. It first converts the measured change into the change of optical signal, and then further converts the optical signal into an electrical signal with the help of photoelectric elements. Photoelectric sensor is generally composed of light source, optical path and photoelectric element. The principle of photoelectric sensor is to realize control by converting the change of light intensity into the change of electrical signal. In general, photoelectric sensor consists of three parts, which are divided into transmitter, receiver and detection circuit. The transmitter aims at the target to emit light beams, which generally come from semiconductor light sources, light emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes and infrared emitting diodes. The beam is emitted continuously, or the pulse width is changed. The receiver consists of photodiode, phototransistor and photocell. In front of the receiver, optical elements such as lens and aperture are installed. Behind it is the detection circuit, which can filter out the effective signal and apply it. In addition, there are emission plates and optical fibers in the structural elements of photoelectric switch.

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