Essen, with a population of 63,, is the sixth largest city in Germany, and it is the center of the Ruhr area, the industrial center of Germany. In fact, the large and medium-sized cities in the Ruhr area are almost completely connected. If you want to walk on the "small road" instead of driving on the expressway, you may not see the "small road" at all, Murheim, Duisburg, and so on. From one city to another, you just walk in the city, and you don't even know that you have entered another city. Germans may particularly like "Federation". Urban groups like this would have merged into one in China long ago, but Germans don't seem to have considered merging them into one city-a megacity with a vast area and a population of more than 7 million.
With the sunset industry, Great changes have taken place. For decades, Germany's industry has been in transition. Most of the coal mines in those years have been closed, and those coal mining areas have been transformed into scenic spots with mountains and lakes. Even those large enterprises located in Eisen have produced completely different things from those of 2 years ago.
Eisen, as an industrial center, is not ugly. It also has lakes and mountains, forests and clean cities. It is also very modern. Industry and nature are often well combined. Krupp, a veteran industrial family in Germany, is a typical example. The Villa Huegel where the Krupp family used to live is a big landscape of Eisen, which is no less magnificent than a generation of monarchs, symbolizing the era when Germany moved from feudal aristocratic rule to capital rule. Two photos displayed in the villa are particularly interesting. One is Li Hongzhang's visit to Krupp's home in 199, and the other is Krupp's visit to Premier Zhou Enlai in 199.
There were no universities in Ruhr. Since the 196s, the German government has invested a lot of human and financial resources here, and built a series of institutions of higher learning, such as Eisen University and Eisen College, which are all products of that era. Maybe you won't make a special trip to Eisen, but if you go there to negotiate business issues or study, you will. This city is quite good.
It used to be the largest industrial city in Germany, but Essen is not a famous city in Germany, but a gathering place of German factories in the past. The name of the city Essen is the same as Essen (food, eating) in German. Many people will ask curiously: "Why is Essen called Essen (eating) instead of Trinken (drinking)? According to the local grandmother, in fact, this Essen is not the same as Essen (food), and this Essen evolved from the plural Essen of DieEssen (chimney). In the past, Essen naturally had many chimneys because there were many factories, so Essen means chimney; So next time, don't think Essen is called Essen because it has a lot of food!
In World War II, Essener Dom, also known as Münsterkirche, was heavily bombed, so there are not many surviving monuments. According to the system and order of the Holy See, it is the Pope. Kardinal (Cardinal), Bischof (Cardinal), Pastur (Priest), Kaplan = Priest (Priest), while monasteries are called monks. The Catholic tradition is that all priests are buried in the atrium garden of Kreuzgang in the cathedral after their death, and the tombstones are all engraved with the Latin "Vivas in deo" at the end. German means "Leben in Gott" (living in the Lord), while bishops and above are dressed in coffins and sealed in the stone wall of the basement of the cathedral. Essen Cathedral was founded in 852 AD. After many expansions and renovations, the architectural style of Essen Cathedral has also evolved from the early Romanesque style to the early Gothic and Baroque style. Finally, it is colorful because of the late Gothic style. There are statues of Jesus nailed to the cross everywhere in the cathedral, which are written in Jewish: IN RI, which means king of the Jews. Domschatzkammer has many hand-painted manuscripts of the Bible (Evangeliar), which can be traced back to 8 BC, and there are many kinds of treasures. For example, there is a gem-studded cross with the words Rex, Pax, Lux and Lex written on the top, bottom, left and right, all in Latin, and their meanings are: k? Nig (King), Frieden (Peace), Licht (Light) and Gesetz (Law). Website:
The development of Essen is closely related to the Kuruppu family. It can be said that Essen would not be today without the Kuruppu family. Kuruppu's family started from scratch in the early 19th century, and its success was due to its accurate vision. When Kuruppu heard that someone had just successfully invented the train in Britain, he immediately went to Britain to buy the inventor's manufacturing patent right and took the lead. This later angered the British people, so Kuruppu expanded day by day. Because it needed a lot of iron to build trains and had to be imported by sea, Kuruppu moved from making trains, steelmaking and shipbuilding to arms manufacturing. He often pays attention to new inventions and research, and then buys patents. In terms of expanding factories, he built many residential areas near the factories and provided employees with free living, so there were more and more factories in Essen, with more than 1,6 chimneys everywhere at its peak.
since p>1875, Kuruppu has formulated the company trademark (Mark), three rings that are combined with each other, symbolizing the division of labor and cooperation among employees, society and enterprises. Kuruppu built a Villa Hügel in Essen Hügel. Later, due to World War II, many factories were bombed, and the Kuruppu family signed a memorandum prohibiting the manufacture of arms and weapons in the future. Later, Kulupu successfully became a listed company. In addition to building a hospital, a foundation has been set up to support the development of photography art. However, at present, the Kuruppu family has separated because of family struggle, and Kuruppu family villa (Villa Hügel) has become a museum for the public to visit. Li Hongzhang once came here on behalf of the Qing court to discuss the purchase of arms with the Kuruppu family. Therefore, photos of Li Hongzhang can be seen in Kuruppu family villa (Villa Hügel)!
Many museums and theaters in Essen have been converted from abandoned factories, even IKEA! The famous red dot Design Center in North Rhine-Westphalia is also one of them. Essen Zollverein was originally the world's largest above-ground coal mine, and the mining industry did not lag behind. North Rhine-Westphalia transformed the abandoned coal mine into a museum. Including North Rhine Design Center, red dot Design Museum, Coal Mine Museum, Casino and Open-air Cinema, etc ... The Red Dot Design Center holds an international red dot design competition every year, which is divided into industrial design and visual communication design, and issues an authoritative design yearbook. The winning design works will be exhibited in the Red Dot Design Museum.
In addition, the graduation design works of students from Duisburg-Essen University will also be exhibited in Zollverein. The architectural design of the Red Dot Design Museum is very unique. Combining the original mine facilities with slight rust and corrosion with the newly-built exhibition hall, the surrounding walls are covered with conveying pipes and giant exposed steel skeletons, and the surface is covered with red rust. Under the dim light, it is amazing to see a silver car hanging upside down from the steel skeleton ceiling with a height of three stories, skillfully combining the ancient miners' yard with the modern design exhibition hall, which is impressive. In the Red Dot Design Museum, you can not only enjoy contemporary top industrial design works, including furniture, kitchen utensils, computers, cars and other works, but also shuttle through the original space of ancient mines, which is also a kind of fun and special experience. In order to welcome the World Conference on Architecture in 25, Zollverein will build an international design school, a design craft park and an international architecture, design and art laboratory near the original site. After the international competition, the architectural design of the international design school will be taken care of by SANAA, a female architect of SANAA architectural firm in Tokyo. The architectural shape of the international design school is a big dice with many square windows, which will be completed in 25.
In addition, Lichtburg, the largest and oldest cinema in Germany, is in Essen! The cinema of Lichtburg in Essen has 132 seats, and its film screen is also the largest in Europe, with an area of 15 square meters and a 36-degree film screen. Lichtburg has been listed as a historic site protection by the Essen municipal government for about 75 years since its establishment in 1928, mainly showing art films. Speaking of movies, Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Hollywood movie star elected as the governor of California, once lived in Essen. In 1972, Arnold, who was originally from Austria, won the World Bodybuilding Olympic Championship for the third time in Saalbau (now Essen Philharmonic Hall). At that time, Arnold stayed at a friend's house for several months and often went to autograph sessions held by Essen Gym and Bookstore. The last time Arnold came to Essen, he was invited by Essen International Fitness Equipment Exhibition ten years ago, and next time Arnold didn't know when he would come to Essen. Essen people are good at climbing relationships!
Overbeck, a coffee shop located in the center of Essen, is a famous traditional European coffee shop in Essen. Their fruitcakes are very delicious, not only not sweet, but also to the taste of orientals. Café Overbeck is not too expensive. A pot of coffee (two and a half cups) plus chunks of fruitcakes and cookies is about 5 euros.
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