Classification of French wines:

1. Wines with Appellation of Origin Control (AOC) are the best of French wines. The government has strict regulations to control the production of this type of wine. These regulations involve production, grape varieties, minimum alcohol content, maximum yield per unit area, viticulture methods, winemaking methods, and sometimes even storage and aging conditions. The "wine under the control of appellation of origin" can only be produced after meeting the specific standards of the wine. , is qualified to use the title of "place name supervisor", otherwise it has no right to use "place name supervisor".

2. The production of special wine (VDQS) must be strictly controlled and managed by the "National Origin Appellation Association". Its production conditions include: production area, grape varieties used, and minimum alcohol content. , maximum yield per unit area, grape cultivation methods, winemaking methods, etc., this type of wine cannot obtain the VDQS label from the local enterprise federation before successfully passing the tasting test conducted by the official committee

3. Locally produced wine ( VINS DE PAYS), also known as country wine, can only be brewed from approved grape varieties, and the grape varieties must be local products of the place named on the wine label.

4. Table wine (VINS DE TABLE) is table wine other than local wine. The alcohol content is generally between 8.5-15. They can be a mixture of wines from different regions or even different countries. Taste.

Whether it is table wine or AOC wine, French wine is subject to strict control from the beginning until it is consumed. The control content involves production, wholesalers, sales and consumption.

Bordeaux, Burgundy and Champagne are also known as France's three major wine-producing regions.

Bordeaux (BORDEAUX) is located in southwestern France, in the Garonne, Dordogne and Gironde Valley regions. It has nearly 110,000 hectares of vineyards and an average annual production of about 500 million bottles of wine. It is recognized as a The world's largest wine producing area. Due to the vast land and fertile soil and the complete variety of grapes, almost all wines are produced, including mellow red wine, spicy or sweet white wine, and rose wine. There are everything from high-end wines to ordinary table wines, especially red wine, which has the most elegant and delicate taste.

Medoc (MEDOC) is located on the left bank of the Gironde River, in the northwest of the Bordeaux region. The terrain is flat, the topsoil is mostly gravel and pebbles, and the lower soil is russet-brown iron-containing soil. The better wines come from Austria. There are 8 regions including Madok Village, and the name of the wine is named after the village name.

St. The wine produced in ST.ESTEPHE is bright crimson, rich and sweet. Famous wines include CH.COSD'ESTOURNEL.

PAUILLAC is a vineyard that produces the highest quality Bordeaux red wine. The red wine produced has a rich ruby ??color, elegant aroma and delicate taste. It is a red wine that has been matured for a long time. Four of the top five wines of Medoc come from this village, such as: CH.LAFITROTHSCHILD, CH.LATOUR, etc.

St. Julien Village (ST. JULIEN) is adjacent to Puyike. The wine produced in this area is rich red with a slight purplish color. The red wine produced in this area is very famous because of the perfect balance of astringency and acidity control. But the output is not much and the price is relatively expensive. Such as: LEVOVILLE-LAS-CASES, LEOVILLE-POYFERRE, etc.

The wine produced in MARGAUX has a very beautiful ruby ??color. It mainly produces wines with weak astringency and soft and delicate taste. Due to the proper balance of astringency and sourness, the taste is mellow and delicious. This village has AOC regulations, and all product trademarks are marked, such as CH. MARGAUX, which is the best.

MOULIS is a wine-producing village near the forest in the upper reaches. Its products do not have any products that are recognized as high-end wines, but they are of high quality.

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France is one of the countries with the longest history of wine production in the world. It not only has a vast area of ??grape plantations, large wine output and consumption, but also the quality of wine is recognized as the best in the world.

There are many grape plantations in the Bordeaux region, and their products are relatively independent. In order to control their quality, the French government classified them in 1855 and conducted a second classification in 1973. The results were basically the same as those in 1855. The same: 4 species in the first garden, 15 species in the second garden, 14 species in the third garden, 10 species in the fourth garden, and 18 species in the fifth garden.

1. GRAVES is located on the left bank of the Garonne River. This region produces red wine and also has some fine wine products. The more famous village is Ao. CH.HAUT-BRION and Pape. PAPECLEMENT. The red wine produced in this area is richer and more intense than the Medoc area, and the aroma is also very special, while the white wine is divided into sweet and spicy. Among them, the spicy quality is the best. Maddock's wine classification in 1855, will be Austrian. Berlion Castle is included in the first garden. The SAUTERNES region is located in the south of the Graves region and is surrounded by it, with 5 villages including Pomis. This area produces the world's most famous sweet white wine, and the production method is unique. Winegrowers first let the grapes fully mature on the trees. After the grape leaves wither, direct sunlight shines on the grapes, which concentrates the overripe glucose. Not only is the sugar content sufficient , and will form "noble rot" (NOBLEROT) due to the action of fungi. This phenomenon increases the production of glucose, so there is still sweetness remaining in the wine after fermentation, thus producing a naturally sweet and aromatic white wine. Basak Village is the only plantation with an AOC system among the five villages in the district. The wine taste is different from the other four villages, with less sweetness and rich aroma. Holy. Emilion (ST. EMILION) is famous for its rich Bordeaux red wine. The wine produced is light ruby ??in color, has less astringency, matures quickly and has a well-proportioned body. Famous wines include: Chateau Uzanne (CH. AUSONE) CHEVAL-BLANC (CH.CHEVAL-BLANC), etc. POMEROL is located in St. A small grape plantation in the northwest of Emilion. The famous red wine from this property is deep red in color, soft and mellow, has good endurance, and can be stored for a long time without deteriorating.

2. BOURGOGNE is one of the ancient wine producing areas in France and the only region that can compete with Bordeaux wine. It produces both famous red wine and world-renowned white wine. There are many varieties, each with its own characteristics. Some are vigorous and full, some are delicate and elegant, and they are very different. Therefore, relatively few AOC wines are produced, mainly Chablis. COTEDENUITS and CODOR. Fine red and white wines from COTEDEBEAUNE and other places, as well as Zao. White wine from the Loire region. Famous producing areas include: Chablis is located near the town of Oxler, with an average annual output of 1.1 million gallons of dry white wine. The wine from this place is very famous. It is characterized by golden and green color, clear and crystal clear, pungent and spicy taste, beautiful and light aroma, fine and elegant, delicate and refreshing taste, pure and elegant, and full of grace. It is especially suitable for eating oysters. Therefore, it is known as "oyster wine". The alcohol content is around 11. There are 7 Grand Cru vineyards in the Chablis region. The wines produced in these areas are all high-end wines with clear spicy taste, refreshing flavor, dry type and well-proportioned wine body. In addition, there are 21 first-class vineyards. COTED'OR is made of COTED'OR. Niyi and Co. Bona consists of two parts. division. Niyi is also known as the "golden hills". This area mainly produces red wine, and produces the best red wine in Boquette. Famous varieties include: Jiff sea. GEVREY-CHAMBERTIN This is a strong red wine full of original flavor. Fragrant pineapple. CHAMBOLLE-MUSIGNY has elegant quality and soft fragrance. VOUGEOT Founis. Roman milk (VOSNEROMANEE), etc. division.

Beaune mainly produces the top white wine of Bourken, the region's Bulligny. The village of PULIGNY MONTRACHET is the origin of the world's most advanced spicy white wine. It has 4 grand-cru vineyards, the most famous of which is Monlachet, which has a mellow and attractive aroma and a steel-like spiciness, so it is known as the "King of White Wine". South Bokenland includes Co. The three districts of COTECHALONNAISE, MACONNAIS and Beaujolais have rich wine varieties, varied styles and many famous wines.

Co. Chalon mainly produces Bourkento sparkling wine. The POUILLYFUISE wine produced by MARCUREY in this area is the most outstanding white wine in Bourquette. Light green, rich in luster, light and delicious in spiciness, it is a very refreshing dry white wine.

Beaujolais is the largest grape producing area in Beaujolais, with an area of ??more than 50,000 acres and an average annual output of more than 2 million gallons. "Beaujolais" is almost synonymous with fine red wine. Red wine made from Gamay grapes is light and delicious. It is well received, but all Beaujolais wines must be drunk young. The wines in this area are often named after the village, such as JULIENAS, CHENAS, FLEURIE, and MOULIN. -A-VENT), Fengmo wine is a famous wine from Beaujolais. It has a thick taste and good quality, a deep color, a prominent fruit aroma, a unique and charming style, and a large export sales volume.

3. The Alps (ALSACE) is located on the east side of the Oriental Mountains, across the Rhine River from Germany. It has been occupied by Germany several times in history, and its wine style is very similar to German wine.

4. COTEDURHONE is located in the southeast, in the Luona River Basin, with a grape planting area of ??more than 97,000 acres and an average annual wine production of 35 million gallons. The varieties include red, white, dry and sweet. , and even sparkling wine, which is relatively complete.

5. PROVENCE is the earliest grape plantation in France. Greek colonists entered France from here, settled here, and began to plant grapes. The famous rosé wine produced here has the most beautiful aroma when frozen to 10°C. Most of the products are within the AOC grade.

6. Loire (LOIRE) is located in the Loire River Basin in the northwest and produces various rose wines and red wines.

7. Champagne (CHAMPAGNE) is located about 100 miles northeast of Paris. It produces Champagne, known as the "King of Wines". From the 3rd century AD, the Champagne region began to produce red and white wine until 1700. The production of champagne began in 2001. The grape varieties used to produce champagne mainly come from the Pinot grape family, including Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier and Pinot Blanc. Champagne is made after the wine is fermented, emptied into barrels, clarified, and mixed. Then the blended wine is sweetened, bottled, and then fermented a second time. The carbon dioxide released at this time is dissolved in the wine. This is Champagne. The reason why foam is produced when the bottle is opened. Aged Champagne must be bottled and stored for at least three years before being released on the market.

Classification of foreign wine

From the perspective of production methods, foreign wine can be divided into three categories: distilled wine, brewed wine and prepared wine.

Distilled liquor

Distilled liquor is made by distilling and purifying fermented raw materials. It has a high alcohol content. According to different raw materials, it can be divided into grain distilled liquor, grape distilled liquor and so on. Distilled spirits and other distilled spirits. The following types of distilled liquor are commonly used in restaurants:

(1) Whiskey

Whiskey is made from barley, rye, corn, etc., and is fermented and distilled into wood. One of the most representative distilled spirits brewed by aging in made wine barrels. The sales volume in the market is huge. Whiskey has a wide range of origins and production methods are not exactly the same. There are four main varieties: Scotch whiskey and American whiskey are more common on the market.

A Scotch Whiskey

is a famous brand product in Scotland. It is made from barley malt with a unique aroma that has been dried and roasted with peat as the brewing raw material.

The wine is aged for a minimum of 8 years, but usually 10 years or more. Scotch whiskey has a unique style, with a color of brownish yellow and red, clear and translucent, and a burnt aroma with a strong smoky flavor. The famous brands of Scotch whiskey are: Black Label, Chivas Regal, Old Brand, and Special Grade.

B Irish Whiskey

It is brewed from barley, oats and other grains. It is distilled three times and aged in wooden barrels for 8-15 years. The style is close to that of Scotch whiskey. The most obvious difference is that there is no smoky burnt taste and the taste is soft, making it suitable for mixing with other drinks. The brands that people are more familiar with include: Jimson & Sons, Bowell, Laobushmiao, and Turamo.

C Canadian whiskey.

Canada began to produce whiskey in the mid-18th century. At that time, only barley whiskey was produced, which was highly alcoholic. After the 19th century, whiskey made from corn began to be produced, with a lighter taste. It is steamed, stored, blended and bottled under Canadian government regulations. Aging time in wooden barrels is 4-10 years. The main brands are: Canadian Club, Seagrams, Crown.

D American whiskey.

Although the United States only has a history of more than 200 years, because most of its immigrants came from Europe, they also brought brewing technology with them. Bourbon whiskey is a place in Kentucky, USA. The whiskey produced in Bourbon is called bourbon whiskey. The main raw materials of bourbon whiskey are corn and barley. After fermentation and distillation, it is aged for 2-4 years and no more than 8 years. Its famous brands include: Four Roses, Grandpa, Jim Bean, and Wild Turkey.

Whiskey should be drunk with ice cubes and soda water, so that it will not taste so strong and the taste will be milder. Soda causes the wine to produce a large amount of carbon dioxide gas. When you drink it, the cold wine odor rushes out of your nose. It's similar to the feeling of hiccups after drinking a lot of cold beer. But the smell is much more fragrant and very comfortable.

(2) Gin

Gin, also called gin, can be divided into two categories: Dutch-style gin and British-style gin.

A Dutch gin.

Using barley, malt, corn, barley, etc. as raw materials, it is saccharified and fermented and then distilled. During the distillation, juniper berries and other herbs are added, and it is distilled twice. Hualan style gin is transparent and clear in color, has outstanding aroma and unique style, and is suitable for single drinking. Its famous brands include Bols, Poma and Hans.

B British gin.

Use barley, corn, etc. as raw materials. After fermentation, they are put into a continuous distiller. After distilling the liquor with high alcohol content, juniper berries and other spices are added, and then placed again. Distilled in a single still. British gin can be drunk as a drink or used to mix drinks. British gin is also called Qianjin liqueur. The liquid is colorless and transparent, with a distinctive fragrance and a mellow and refreshing taste. The more popular brands are: Gordon's Gin, General's Gin, Budos Gin, and Tankari's Gin.

(3) Vodka

Vodka is divided into two categories, one is colorless, odorless high-quality vodka, and the other is vodka with various spices added Vodka is Russia's representative spirit, made from potatoes and corn. The distilled vodka is slowly filtered for more than 8 hours to fully contact the original liquor with activated carbon molecules and purify it into pure vodka. Vodka is colorless and odorless, and is the least odor-free of all alcoholic beverages. The more famous brands of vodka are: Crown, Skinrishna, and Moscow Volskaya Green.

(4) Rum

Rum is a by-product of the sugar industry. It is refined from sugar cane and is mostly produced in tropical areas. The production process of rum is similar to that of most distilled spirits. After raw material processing, alcohol fermentation, and distillation, the wine must be aged for another 1-3 years so that the wine can take on the color and aroma of oak. Rum can be divided into three categories according to taste, namely light rum, medium rum and strong rum. Rum can also be divided into three categories according to color, namely white rum, golden rum, and dark rum. Famous brands of rum include: Blanchard White Rum, Meyer Dark Rum, and Captain Morgan.

(5) Tejira

Tejira is produced in Mexico. It is a strong liquor made from a cactus plant called dragon tongue. The growth period of agave is 8-10 years. When making wine, the spherical cactus is used. It is first split and placed in a still for distillation. The agave taken out is crushed in a tumbler, poured with warm water, and fermented with distiller's yeast. , distilled again and aged in wooden barrels. Tejela is amber in color, has a strange aroma and a fierce taste. Common tejira wines include: tejira ancho, oure, mariasi, socha.

(6) Brandy

Brandy is a fine wine made from fermented grape juice and distilled twice. France is the world's leading producer of brandy. The brandy that the French are proud of is called Cognac, which is known as the King of Brandy. Cognac was originally the name of an ancient city in southern France. The French believe that only wine brewed in this region and using local high-quality grapes as raw materials can be called cognac. Another famous brandy region in France is Manne.

French brandy uses letters or star seals to indicate the storage time and length of the brandy. The longer the storage time, the better.

“V.S.O” refers to 12-20-year-old brandy; “V.S.O.P” refers to 20-30-year-old brandy;

“X.O” generally refers to 40-year-old brandy Wine; "X" is the abbreviation of Extra, which means extra.

Brandy uses star seals to indicate storage time: one star means 3 years old, two stars means 4 years old, and three stars means 5 years old. At present, the most famous brandies in the world are: Korovitsi, Hai-Hennessy, T.F. Martin, Remy Martin, and Kaimax.

Brewed wine

Brewed wine can also be called raw wine. The largest category of brewed wine is wine. Wine can be divided into four flavors according to its sugar content: dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet and sweet. According to the international classification method, wine can be divided into four categories: table wine (still wine), sparkling wine, fortified wine and flavored wine.

(1) Table wine

Including red wine, white wine and rose red wine, which are fermented from natural grapes and have an alcohol content of less than 15 degrees. At a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, any bottle with an air pressure lower than one atmosphere is still wine. There are many countries that produce table wines. France is a famous producer of red and white wines, producing hundreds of famous brand wines. In addition, Italy, Germany, Spain, the United States, etc. are all major wine producing countries.

(2) Sparkling wine

Including champagne and various sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region of France. The production process is exquisite and the wine has a unique taste. The French government has stipulated by law that only sparkling wine produced in the Champagne region can be called Champagne, and sparkling wine produced in other regions can only be called grape sparkling wine.

Champagne is made from peeled and seeded purple grapes and white grapes. Since the grape juice produces a large amount of gas during the fermentation process, the carbon dioxide gas in the wine is naturally formed, so Unique. The alcohol content is about 11 degrees. The appropriate drinking temperature is 4-8 degrees. It usually takes 3 years to make Champagne, with 6-8 years of aging being the most popular. Champagne is generally named after the producer. The more famous ones are: Moet Wudang, Paulinche, Perrier Jour, and Charles Heidsik.

(3) Fortified wine

This type of wine is added with brandy during the brewing process to make the alcohol content reach 17-21 degrees. Including port wine, sherry, etc.

A. Port wine.

The one produced in Portugal is the most famous. Most port wines are red wines, but there are also a small amount of dry white port wines. Depending on the production process, Port wine includes aged Port, tartar Port, ruby ??red port and tea port. Dry white port wine is suitable as an aperitif, while tawny port wine is suitable for drinking with cheese. Famous Port wines include: Croft, Holy Gate, and Taylor.

B. Sherry.

Produced in Cadiz, Spain, it is made by blending local wines with brandy and aging for about 15 years.

The wine is divided into two categories, one is golden and bright, giving people a sense of freshness; the other is golden brown, has excellent transparency, has a rich and tangy aroma, and has a typical walnut fragrance, which becomes more fragrant as it ages. The famous brands of this wine are: Tianbei Sherry, Panmartin Sherry, and Shengdimen Sherry.

(4) Flavored wine

This type of wine is made by adding herbs, fruits, honey, etc. to ordinary wine, and some add spirits. The more representative flavored wine is vermouth. Strictly speaking, this type of wine is not pure wine.

Vermouth? Vermouth is made with white wine as the main ingredient and about 30 kinds of various spices. The recipe for producing vermouth has always been kept secret, and vermouth wines are divided into four categories. White vermouth is drunk as a pre-dinner aperitif in Western meals. The famous origins of vermouth are Italy and France.

The famous vermouth: made with distilled or brewed wine as the main wine and other ingredients.

Compounded wine

The fortified wines and flavored wines introduced earlier can also be counted as prepared wines. Blended wines can be divided into three categories, namely aperitifs, dessert wines and liqueurs.

(1) Appetizer

There are many wines that can be used as aperitifs, such as champagne, whiskey, gin, vodka, as well as certain varieties of wine and fruit wine, and some others. An aperitif with alcohol as the main alcohol, such as ouzo, bituminous wine, and vermouth.

(2) Dessert wine

Dessert wine is generally a wine consumed when Western-style food is served with sweets. Its main feature is its sweet taste. The difference between dessert wine and liqueur is that most dessert wines are based on wine. Liqueur is based on distilled liquor. Most of the famous dessert wines are produced in southern Europe, mainly including: A port wine. B sherry. C Madeira wine.

Madeira wine is produced on Madeira Island in the Atlantic Ocean. It is made by blending local wine and distilled liquor. The color of the wine ranges from light amber to dark reddish brown, and the taste ranges from dry to sweet. It is both the best dessert wine and the best aperitif in the world. The alcohol content is between 16-18 degrees, and its main varieties are: Madeira and Sesial.

Liqueur

Liqueur is an alcoholic beverage that is based on edible alcohol and other distilled liquors, supplemented with various flavoring materials, and has been sweetened. Drinking it after a Western meal can help digestion. Liqueurs can be divided into three types according to the flavoring materials used in their preparation: fruit liqueurs, herbal liqueurs and seed liqueurs. The alcohol content is between 30-40 degrees. Famous wines are produced in France and Italy. The more famous varieties are: Italian apricot liqueur, French pastis liqueur, French Abbey wine, French Benedictine wine, Cointreau, Golden Label, and Dutch egg yolk wine.