There are many kinds of continuous chamber humidifiers, which are used to remove tobacco stalks. During the movement in the moisture regain chamber, the cigarette packets are humidified step by step, and the tobacco leaves are stripped and shaken step by step with the humidification.
In China, vacuum humidifiers have been manufactured since the mid-1960s, with a water circulation vacuum pump as the vacuum source, and the vacuum degree is generally around 13330Pa. The combination of steam jet pump and vacuum pump was applied in 1970s, and the vacuum degree was below 6700Pa. It is mainly used to dry cut tobacco and tobacco stems to meet the requirements (called tobacco dryer at this time), and can also be used to dry tobacco leaves, tobacco stems, tobacco powder and so on. The main body of the silk dryer is a rotating cylinder placed obliquely, and the heat transfer medium is usually steam (or superheated water) and hot air. A steam exhaust pipe is distributed on the inner wall of the steam-heated tobacco dryer, and the surface of the exhaust pipe is in direct contact with cut tobacco for heat transfer. The inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a profiling plate, and the simple profiling plate is composed of tube bundles, and steam is introduced into the tube to increase the heating area. Most silk dryers are equipped with hot air system. Using hot air as auxiliary heat source and main adjustment means can obviously improve the adjustment sensitivity of silk dryers. There are two ways to send hot air: downstream and countercurrent. The former can obtain more uniform moisture content of cut tobacco, while the latter can reduce the shredding of cut tobacco.
The tobacco cooling device is installed behind the tobacco dryer. The cooling device can be drum type, vibrating conveyor belt type, fluidized bed type, etc. It can also be cooled by wind transmission. It is formed by connecting several studios, with mesh belt as the carrier. The studio generally consists of three stages: drying, cooling and moisture regain. The material is first dried to a lower water content in the drying part, and then humidified to the required water content after cooling. As a working medium, air circulates in stages in the machine. Mesh belt dryers are mostly used for redrying tobacco leaves and stems (see tobacco redrying) and curing burley tobacco after feeding.
When the mesh belt dryer is used for redrying flue-cured tobacco leaves, it is called a silk dryer. The temperature in the drying section is 70 ~ 120℃, the water content in the cooling section is 8 ~ 10%, the temperature in the moisture regain section is 50 ~ 60℃, and the final water content of the leaves is about 12%. When used for curing burley tobacco, it is called burley tobacco curing machine. The temperature in the drying section is 70 ~ 150℃, the moisture in the cooling section is 6 ~ 8%, and the final moisture in the leaves is about 18%. When it is used to dry tobacco stems, it is called a stem baking machine, which can be used without a moisture regain section. The baking temperature is about 120℃, and the moisture content of the baked tobacco stems is 1 1 ~ 14%.
The structure of the redrying machine for hanging rod redrying is similar to that of a mesh belt dryer, and the carrier is a chain for conveying tobacco rods. The redrying temperature is generally lower than 100℃. The equipment for separating tobacco leaves from tobacco stems can be divided into horizontal and vertical types. The thresher consists of two main parts: threshing drum and air separator. The threshing drum is a rotating drum with nails on the cylindrical surface and a frame fence around the drum. Through the relative action of the nail and the frame fence, the tobacco leaves are pulled off the tobacco stems. The winnowing machine divides the threshed mixture into two parts: leaves and tobacco stems by using the different floating speeds of leaves and tobacco stems in the air. Tobacco stems with residual leaves are sent to the next threshing drum for treatment.
Horizontal thresher is usually composed of 3 ~ 4 threshing drums connected in series, and each threshing drum is equipped with 1 ~ 3 air separator. The quality of threshing is better and the tobacco leaves are less broken. The vertical thresher concentrates the multi-stage threshing rollers on the same vertical shaft in a stepped arrangement, and takes the space between the frame rod and the shell as an air branch pipe, integrating the multi-stage structure. The vertical thresher has simple equipment, less land occupation and low power consumption.
For the tied tobacco leaves, there is a trip machine before threshing. When sharpening is needed, it is equipped with a sharpening machine. A machine for cutting tobacco leaves, stems, etc. Turn into tobacco. 1853, which has the functions of compaction, intermittent propulsion and cutting. Due to the vertical reciprocating motion of the cutter, the lower stroke is the cutting stroke and the upper stroke is the idling stroke, so it is also called the up-and-down wire cutting machine, which has been eliminated. Rotary cutter appeared in 1930s, and roller cutter appeared in 1950s. Its * * * features are as follows: ① The blade moves in a circle. There are several blades around the cutter head, and there are automatic feed and sharpening devices, which can work continuously for a long time. The axis of the rotary cutter is perpendicular to the plane of the cutter door, while the roller cutter is parallel to the plane of the cutter door. ② The compaction and feeding of tobacco leaves adopt chain arrangement structure and automatic leaf spreading mechanism to meet the needs of continuous production. Roller cutting machine is the most widely used equipment.
The machining ability of the cutter is related to the following parameters: ① the cross-sectional area of the cutter door; ② Number of knives per minute; ③ Cutting width. The number of cuts per minute of the hobbing machine reaches 4000, and the processing capacity can reach 5 ~ 9t per hour. A special machine for attaching filter tips to cigarette ends. The structure of filter tip splicing machine is based on the principle of parallel docking, which is connected into a pair first, and then cut into two filter tip cigarettes from the middle.
Filter tipping machine mainly includes three parts: cigarette, filter, packing paper supply, rubbing, cutting and testing. Most actions are performed by a series of rotating drums or grooved wheels. Grooves are evenly distributed on the outer edge of the drum, filter rods and cigarettes are filled in the grooves, and holes are arranged at the bottom of the grooves, which are communicated with the air pipeline through the distribution valve. Connect the negative pressure pipeline when the filter rod and cigarette are needed to be sucked, and connect the compressed air pipeline or atmosphere when the filter rod and cigarette are needed to be released.
Cigarettes from the cigarette maker pass through the exhaust pipe, so that every two cigarettes are relatively arranged in the same slot, and the distance between the two cigarettes is enough to accommodate the filter rod segments. The filter rods in the filter rod hopper are taken out one by one by the grooved wheel and cut into segments at the filter rod cutting drum, and the length of each segment is equivalent to the length of two filters. Filter rod segments fall between each pair of cigarettes in turn at the exhaust tube. Baotou paper passes through the rubber roller, is cut by the paper cutter, and meets the cigarette filter rod. The three materials are rolled and molded on a kneading drum. Finally, two filter-tip cigarettes are cut at the cutting wheel of the rotary drum and output after air leakage inspection. Generally, it consists of pretreatment and rolling. ① In the pretreatment part, the filter material is made into a shape suitable for rolling, and its structure varies with the filter material. For acetate fiber materials, it is necessary to open tow and coat plasticizer. The most commonly used method of fiber opening is Lola method and air nozzle method. Plasticizer mostly adopts centrifugal disc method or brush roller method. For paper materials, the paper core should be folded in the pretreatment part. When the paper core consists of multiple layers of paper, it also includes paper cutting. (2) The winding part is to wind the formed filter material into strips and cut them into branches. Its structure is basically the same as the winding part of the cigarette machine, but the structure of the smoking gun and the gluing part can be different. This is because the resilience of the filter material is relatively large during molding, which requires rapid lap bonding and firm bonding. High-speed filter rod forming machine mostly uses hot melt adhesive as adhesive, which is accelerated by cooling after overlapping and shaping.
There are roughly two kinds of composite filter rods (filters), one is the combination of filter rods and filter rods; One is filter rod composite particle adsorption material, and the structure of the forming machine is also different. Including small bags, long bags, all kinds of transparent paper outsourcing and boxing machines.
1899, machines for loading cigarettes into empty cigarette cases began to appear. 1900 there is a machine that can complete box making and cigarette loading at the same time. The transparent paper outer packaging machine was invented in about 1924. There were charter flights in the mid-1930s. It was not until the early 1950s that packaging machines were used.
The most common small package is soft package. The packaging machine structure mainly includes two parts: cigarette arrangement and packaging. Cigarettes are stored in the cigarette warehouse, and they should be counted first. In the packaging part, it is necessary to complete the actions of loading cigarettes, wrapping paper, wrapping trademark paper and labeling. According to the characteristics of packaging action, soft package packaging machines can be roughly divided into two types: ① Vertical packaging type, in which the counted and arranged cigarette groups are pushed forward along its axis, and most of them are directly wrapped with liner paper and trademark paper, so the packaged package form is called vertical packaging, and cigarette cases are finally formed on both sides of the package. (2) Horizontal wrapping type, the cigarette groups move along the radial direction, and the turntable structure is adopted. In the process of pushing, the lining paper is wrapped, and the shell of the hollow thin-walled box mold is used as the mold to fold into an empty cigarette case. When the cigarette group wrapped with lining paper is pushed out of the box die, it is put into the cigarette case, so the wrapped packet form is called horizontal packet, and the cigarette case is finally formed at the bottom side of the packet. Since 1980s, with the help of computer, the automatic detection, automatic adjustment and self-diagnosis system has been developing continuously, and it is becoming an important part of a new generation of packaging machinery. The maximum speed of small package packaging machine is 350 ~ 400 packages/minute. On-line production, such as the connection between cigarette storage and cigarette machine, or the combination unit from small package packaging machine to strip packaging machine is also developing.