Mineral deposits with mining value that have been discovered in the county include coal, sulfur, iron, selenium, lead, zinc, uranium, limestone, clay, silica, refractory clay, bauxite, purple sandstone, marble, East Lake There are 20 types of sandstone, quartz sandstone, Wuhua rock, phosphorite, and gypsum, accounting for 19 of the 109 types of minerals discovered in the county; accounting for 31 of the 60 types of minerals found in the state.
Jianshi is one of the 141 key coal-producing counties in the country, with high-quality anthracite reserves of 198 million tons, accounting for 32% of Hubei's total reserves. In 2011, Jianshi County's GDP reached 4.533 billion yuan, 2.6 times that of 2006; general fiscal budget revenue reached 292 million yuan, an increase of 166 million yuan over 2006, with an average annual growth rate of 18.3%; it is estimated that the per capita disposable income of urban residents, The per capita net income of farmers reached 12,050 yuan and 3,700 yuan respectively, an increase of 4,656 yuan and 1,877 yuan respectively over 2006, with an average annual increase of 10.3 and 15.2 respectively; the total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to reach 1.545 billion yuan, an increase of 914 million yuan over 2006. The average growth rate is 19.6; it is estimated that the total fixed asset investment in the whole society will be 12.25 billion yuan, which is 5.3 times that of the previous five years.
The three industrial structure ratios were adjusted from 47.2:17.4:35.4 in 2006 to 31.5:30:38.5 in 2011. The agricultural economy develops steadily. Grain production has continued to increase and incomes have increased, and it has been identified as a major grain-producing county in the country. In 2011, the county's total grain output reached 250,000 tons, an increase of 12% compared with 2006; the six major agricultural industries are tobacco, konjac, livestock, forest fruits, Chinese medicinal materials, and commercial vegetables. Leading industries have been basically formed, with base areas of various sectors reaching 400,000 acres; animal husbandry has continued to develop, and has been identified as a major county for pig transfer in the country; 17 leading agricultural enterprises at the state level and above have been cultivated; a total of 155 agricultural product trademarks have been registered, creating a well-known agricultural product There are 11 brands, and the number of "three products and one standard" certification has reached 38; 288 farmers' professional cooperatives have been developed. The industrial economy continues to grow. There are 77 industrial enterprises with an annual output value of more than 5 million yuan. It is expected that the industrial added value will be 800 million yuan in 2011, with an average annual growth of 34.3%. Among them, 24 large-scale enterprises with an annual output value of more than 20 million yuan will achieve an industrial added value of 603 million yuan. . There are 23 enterprises in the industrial park. The tertiary industry is booming. It has successively developed tourist attractions such as Yesanhe and Yunwulingshan, with a total investment of 275 million yuan completed. In 2011, it is expected to receive 650,000 tourists and achieve a comprehensive tourism income of 300 million yuan. At the same time, service industries such as transportation, postal services, communications, logistics, catering, and commerce have developed significantly. Jianshi County is China's high-quality burley tobacco export base county. The annual planting area of ??burley tobacco is about 6,500 hectares, with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons of high-quality burley tobacco. Its products have been sold to more than 20 countries including the United States, France, Japan, and Hong Kong. The country and region is known as the "Kingdom of Tobacco"; it is the largest konjac county in the province. 60% of the county's cultivated land and 40% of the reclaimable wasteland are suitable for planting konjac. The county's konjac planting area reaches 80,000 acres, forming taro horns, Konjac powder processing production line, the products are sold to Hong Kong, Japan, Southeast Asia and other regions; it is also the largest Japanese larch production and scientific research base county in southern China. It is also among the first batch of rural primary electrification pilot counties in the country.
In 2010, Jianshi County *** started the construction of 1 new rural demonstration township, 2 new rural demonstration areas, and 32 new rural demonstration villages; in 5 years, it completed the construction of 5 eco-home biogas pools. Thousands of people live in rural areas, solving the problem of unsafe drinking water for 165,000 people in rural areas. 100 administrative villages in the county have access to roads and 80 administrative villages have access to asphalt roads (or cement roads). The county's annual grain output has stabilized at more than 220,000 tons, and tobacco leaf output has exceeded 250,000 tons. The number of pigs raised exceeds one million, the konjac planting area exceeds 50,000 acres, the industrial timber forest base reaches 450,000 acres, and the medicinal material base reaches 125,000 acres; it has won 2 provincial famous trademarks and 9 state famous trademarks.
Production Before 1949, Jianshi County was a purely agricultural county with harsh production conditions and backward farming methods. "The roots of corn can be found in stone holes, and the soil in stone fields is like gold." "Hope for 30%" (Zhou Kunhua's "Yezhou Bamboo Branch Poems" by Zhou Kunhua, the preceptor of Jianshi County in the 8th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty. In order to make the crops strong and healthy, farmers in the county kill roosters every year on March 3 of the lunar calendar to sacrifice the land for young crops: after killing the roosters, Sprinkle chicken blood on the paper, hang the paper on a branch or bamboo pole and insert it in the field, or burn the paper on the ground to kill the grass. During the gong and drum farming season, in order to save time, rural areas in the county have the habit of "switching jobs" (that is, asking others to help first, and then "returning the work" to others for help). At this time, the owner often hires a group of gong and drum masters. Playing gongs and drums and singing folk songs on the edge of the fields to cheer up, which is called "playing gongs and drums for picking up grass". Gongs and drums for picking up grass usually consist of drums, gongs, gongs, cymbals, suona and other musical instruments. Shibanshan and Sanbaoguan in Changliang Township. In the areas of Xiaojiabao and Chailinshan in Yezhou Town, there are also huqin and flute, which are called "silk-stringed grass gongs and drums", accompanied by high-pitched or flat-tuned folk songs, which are elegant and melodious.
In places where rice wine is planted, people are usually hired to plant rice. At that time, the host will prepare wine and meat to entertain the guests. Breakfast and dinner are usually eaten, and glutinous rice dumplings are often eaten for lunch. (It is called "planting rice dumplings". Rice dumplings are larger than ordinary glutinous rice balls. Guests can eat as much as they want, and it is believed that the more they eat, the better the future will be.
Daitu County. Most of the Neijiulao eighteen craftsmen study with their masters for a period of 2-3 years, with only room and board provided and no salary paid. After the apprenticeship is over, the apprentices can start their own business or continue their work. When you work in a master's shop, the master will provide you with food and accommodation, and you will receive a certain amount of remuneration.
For larger civil projects such as building a house or building a bridge, the master will not break ground before or after building a house. When elevating the beams, in order to pray for safe and smooth construction, the craftsmen must first burn incense wax and paper money to offer sacrifices to Lu Ban before starting work. (This custom is also held before the funeral workers send the old man up the mountain to set off. "Bang".) Residential homes in the county are mostly located near mountains and rivers, facing east, west, east, north, south, and "four-dimensional" (i.e. not due east, due south, due west, or due north) , it is forbidden to sit in the south and face north. There is a saying that "the north wind sweeps the house, the family is ruined". Before the Republic of China, the houses of wealthy gentry in towns or villages usually had stone foundations and high walls. The main house was usually a two-story wooden building. There are stone patios (a few giant houses have several or even dozens of patios), wooden wing rooms, gardens, and large painted and splendidly decorated courtyards. There are firewalls between the courtyards and a gatehouse in front; other households have three There are "zuojikou" type houses with more than three main rooms and wing rooms on stilts at both ends, "key head" type houses with more than three main rooms and wing rooms on stilts at one end, single-headed houses with three or five rooms side by side, and some extremely poor farmers. Use caves to live in. In terms of building materials, there are houses with pure wood structure, stone and wood structure, brick and wood structure, and civil structure houses. The stilt house is usually a side house, and the terrain is about 3 meters lower than the main house. The stilt house is used as a pig or cattle shed. Stacked debris, upstairs is the living room. Wing rooms are generally wooden buildings with stilts, with interconnected balconies or external wooden corridors on one or both sides, and are equipped with carved railings. Most houses are built with cloth tiles, while those with poor families are built with cedar bark, shingles, slate or thatch. There are also "dog claw sheds" where widows and widowers live or people who are begging for rice live. They use three wooden sticks as supports and are covered with thatch to protect them from the cold and heat. In rural areas, they call them "thousands of stigmas falling to the ground". If a farmhouse has more than three main rooms, the central room is usually the main room, which is used as a place to worship ancestors and welcome guests. The two sides are the stove room (kitchen) and the fire pit room. A fire pit house, also called a fire shop hall, is a place for heating and making tea. Two-thirds of the area is covered with wooden floors and one-third is ground. The floor is about 20-30 cm higher than the earth. . There is a fire pit about 1.5 meters square on the side of the wooden floor close to the earth. A wooden frame and an iron or wooden adjustable-height tripod with a hook (commonly known as a "hook") are hung above the fire pit for burning. Water or cooking rice, bacon, corn, etc. can be smoked on the wooden rack.
Mountainous areas are prone to rain and high humidity. The stilted building can prevent moisture and poisonous snakes. It does not need to occupy flat land and requires less foundation leveling. It has high economic value. Etiquette: In the county, the death of an old person is called "white joy", which is a special kind of "joy". People also use a special form to express their feelings, that is, mourning. Mourning dance is also called mourning drums, saler ho, making spiritual songs, spreading sorrow, making night noises, etc. It is a special mass dance that uses artistic means to express the content of mourning in the form of music. It is popular throughout the county. . Most of the performers are men; they can usually only perform at night inside and outside the mourning hall of the deceased, dancing and singing at the same time. During the funeral dance, drums, hall gongs, horse gongs, and cymbals are used to accompany the dance, with simple and rough dance postures. The songs sung vary depending on the specific region, and the singing styles can be divided into high-pitched tunes and flat tunes; the songs sung include "This Mountain Looks High to That Mountain", "A Lively Night's Rest", "Twenty-one of the First Month", etc. Due to different popular regions, funeral dances in the county can be divided into high pole (dance standing) and low pole (dance squatting). There are three forms of dance: two-person dance, three-person dance and group dance. There are four different dances. The same style. Among them, "Naoling Song" from Xiangjing in Gaoping Town went to Beijing to participate in the Second National Folk Music and Dance Report Performance in 1957, and participated in many amateur art performances in Hubei Province and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
Traditional houses in Jianfang County are all wooden bungalows, mostly one-story, three- or five-bay, with sundries stored upstairs. Before starting work, worship Luban. After the roof truss is erected, it is necessary to "block the water". Relatives and friends go to congratulate, and beat gongs and drums to send "beam trees" (the fir trees that make up the main beams of the main house, usually painted in the middle, and are decorated with red decorations when presented), and help to install the beams. Nailing rafters and covering tiles. It is customary to marry a caterpillar on the eighth day of April in the lunar calendar. Farmers "marry a caterpillar" on this day: write on two red pieces of paper "Buddha was born on April 8, the caterpillar will marry today, marry into the mountains, and never return home" in the shape of a cross. Sticking it on the walls of your home is said to reduce insect infestations.
Ox King Festival The 18th day of the fourth lunar month is the Ox King Festival. On this day, it is forbidden to use cattle, and cattle must be fed refined grains to celebrate their birthdays.
The 13th day of the fifth lunar month is the "Knife-Sharpening Festival", which is said to be the anniversary of Guan Yu's solo trip to Soochow. There is a slang in the countryside: "If you don't sharpen your sword for me, I won't let you dry your dragon robe." That is to say, if it rains on May 13th, the sun will shine on June 6th. On the contrary, if it rains on May 13th, the sun will shine on June 6th. It's sunny, but it will rain on the sixth day of June. If it rains today, the year will be good.
Drying dragon robes on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month. It is said that in the history of the Tujia people, a prince died in a bloody battle to safeguard the rights and interests of the nation. His blood stained his robes. Later generations would dry their clothes on this day to show their respect for him. of commemoration. It is said that after being dried in the sun on this day, the clothes will not be infested with insects. Food and wine culture
Smashing wine is a sweet wine made from glutinous rice, sorghum, corn, etc. It is put in a jar and stored for one or several years. Then it is taken out and brewed with cold water, and a bamboo tube is inserted into the In the altar, people sucked it in turn to entertain guests at banquets or to dispel fatigue during work. Volume 16 of "Changle County Chronicle" records in detail how the chieftain entertained the guests with wine at the banquet. "Enshi County Chronicle" records the folk practice of smashing wine: "It is customary to put koji and grains in the jar, and it will become wine after a long time. When drinking, open the jar with boiling soup, put a bamboo tube in it, and call it 'smashing bamboo'; first, one person sucks it." "Smashing the bamboo basket" is called "opening the altar"; and then they take turns sucking each other." Long Tan appeased Si Tian and wrote a popular poem about smashing the wine basket: "Ten thousand pearls are smashed into one basket, and the princes bowed their heads here, holding five dragons in their hands. Holding on to Optimus Prime, the water from the Yangtze River flows back. "Peng Gan, a poet of the Tujia people in Changyang, has a poem about smashing wine with bamboo branches: "The wine is brewed with a fragrant aroma, and the bamboo stick is as good as the pot of pork and lotus bowl. I would like to invite you to try it. ”
Tea culture
Tujia people’s tea drinking varies from place to place. In terms of types, they mainly include cold water sweet wine tea, cold water honey tea, Ginger soup tea, salt tea soup, oil tea soup, salt tea soup, cans of tea, etc. Among them, oil tea soup, salt tea soup and cans of tea are unique. Camellia oleifera soup is made by mixing tea leaves with fried rice, walnut kernels, sesame seeds, peanuts, soybeans, etc., plus seasonings such as ginger, onions, garlic, etc., and stir-fried with vegetable oil or lard. It is delicious, refreshing and thirst-quenching. The Tujia people's salt tea soup has a long history, and there are records about salt tea soup in the "Tea Classic" written by the tea sage Lu Yu. Canned tea has a unique flavor and long lasting flavor.
In some places, there is a custom of making tea with cold water, so there is a song about "tea made with cold water becomes stronger slowly".
Cuisine
The domestic cuisine has unique local characteristics and can be roughly divided into four categories: sour, spicy, dry and salty. Every household likes to use chili, garlic, radish, cabbage, etc. to make sauerkraut, dry chili, and use chili to make various pickles. Chili is also an indispensable condiment on the table; after killing pigs in winter, most of the pork is smoked Bacon is made into soil to be eaten slowly; there are many kinds of legumes, including tofu, fermented bean curd, fermented dregs, tempeh, dried tofu, bean sprouts, blood tofu (made from tofu mixed with pig blood); konjac made from fresh konjac Tofu.
Snacks
Traditional snacks include peach cakes, potato chips, glutinous rice cakes, rice krispie treats, cornflakes, dried and fresh fruits, etc. Traditional drinks in the county include corn wine and green tea. It is said that in the 33rd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1555), Japanese pirates continued to harass the southeastern coastal areas of our country due to political corruption. The imperial court sent large armies to fight against the Japanese many times, but all ended in disastrous defeats. Shangshu Zhang Jing reported to the imperial court to recruit local soldiers from western Hunan and Hubei to pacify the Japanese. Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty approved the report and sent the economic envoy Hu Zongxian to supervise the operation. Yongding Wei Maogang chieftain Qin Yaozhi and his son Qin Chengkun, Sang Zhisi Xianghefeng, Yongshunsi Peng Yinan, Rongmeisi (now Hefeng, Hubei) Tian Shijue and others were ordered to lead soldiers on the expedition. It was the end of the Lunar New Year, and Qin Yaozhi knew that it would be hard to come back, so he decided to spend the last New Year with his relatives, so he ordered: "Steam steamer rice, cut steamer meat, pour a large bowl of wine, and go out to celebrate the New Year one day in advance." Due to time constraints, , I didn’t have time to make many dishes, so I stewed bacon, tofu, and radish in one pot, which was called a "combination dish". After eating it, I was ready to go. This dish later evolved into "three pots". After the soldiers went to the front line, they quickly defeated the Japanese pirates and regained the lost territory. Emperor Shizong personally gave him a plaque with the words "The Southeastern Battle -". The chronicler recorded this period of history: "On December 29th, the soldiers were given a big reward. On New Year's Eve, the Japanese were unprepared and a great victory was achieved. Later generations followed it and it became a family tradition." Sipping wine is an ancient tradition of the Tujia people in Enshi Prefecture. And the unique phenomenon of wine culture. Sip wine is a sweet wine brewed from glutinous rice or corn, sorghum, wheat and other grains. It is packed in a large vat and stored in a kiln for one or several years. It is then taken out and brewed with cold water. Several people use bamboo tubes to suck it. A way of drinking is sipping wine. It is mostly used to entertain guests at banquets or for sipping wine during work breaks in fields and fields. It is used to add fun to banquets and to reduce fatigue during work. When sucking, "first one person sucks, which is called opening the altar, and then each other takes turns sucking." When sucking wine as a toast, the toast king is particularly fond of it. According to research, drinking wine is a custom that the Tujia people gradually formed during the farming period when they absorbed the wine-making methods of the ancient Shu region and when Tujia soldiers were recruited to fight in the southeast. It is true to say that the sipping wine sucked with a bamboo tube should be the originator of today's straw-drinking drinks. Sipping wine, gathering people to drink together in a jar, is a way for the mass psychology to blend with family affection, and is a way for the Tujia people to coordinate interpersonal relationships during drinking. It is full of the philosophical thought of "harmony" and reflects the Tujia people's advocating etiquette and warm hospitality. The national character of being hospitable, simple and kind. No wonder Long Tan comforted Si Tian with a poem about sipping wine: "Ten thousand pearls are in a bowl, and the king bows his head here. Five dragons hold up Optimus Prime, sucking up all the water in the Yangtze River and flowing back." Cans of tea "roasted in tripod cans" Wine, pots and pots to simmer tea. "Tujia people cannot drink tea without a tea pot, which is the most distinctive feature of Tujia tea customs. The Tujia simmering tea pot is slightly smaller at the top and bottom and larger in the middle. It has a handle at the back, an opening at the top, and a small groove protruding outward in the front for easy pouring of tea. Its shape is like Laughing Maitreya. Most of the simmering tea pots are ceramics, and a few families have old copper tea pots. Whether it is oil tea or bubble tea, Tujia people are accustomed to serving it in tea cans, simmering it in a fire pit, and drinking it after the flavor is fragrant. A tea can that can hold two or three large bowls of tea is suitable. If it is too small, it will not be able to serve guests well.