Orange, mandarin orange, mandarin orange and mandarin orange are rutaceae plants, which have the same botanical characteristics, but there are also significant differences. Huazhou orange should be different from other oranges. The twigs, leaves and fruits of Citrus grandis are covered with fluff, with tender and greasy skin, fragrant flowers and fruits, thick mesocarp and sour and bitter glands. The tender branches and leaves of Guangqing Orange are hairless, the glandular hairs are sour and bitter, and the flowers and fruits are slightly fragrant. The yellow skin is rough and the glandular hairs are sweet. The orange peel is smooth, the mesocarp is thin, and there are many tendons, and the glandular hairs are sweet or sour. Their chemical composition is different from the smell of traditional Chinese medicine. In the plant kingdom, exocarpium Citri Grandis should be an independent species and should not be collectively referred to as pomelo.

In medicine, Zhengmao Exocarpium Citri Grandis should correct the chaotic state in history.

Judging from the development history of medicinal materials of oranges, oranges are developed on the basis of orange peel. Orange is used for reducing qi and resolving phlegm, producing orange white and orange red. Before the Qing Dynasty, "orange red" mostly refers to the processed products with white orange peel. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Huazhou Citrus was further affirmed because of its outstanding curative effect, which was well known by doctors and bureaucrats at that time. During the reign of Kanggan, there were many accounts about Huazhou orange, which, together with the propaganda of many scholars later, attracted the attention of the world. In the Qing Dynasty, especially after Qianlong, the word "orange red" basically refers to the orange red of Huazhou.

Because of the historical evolution and development of orange peel and Huazhou orange, the varieties have crossed and confused. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the general trend of medicine was that Huazhou orange could be used as medicine, but orange peel orange could not be used as a substitute for Huazhou orange. That is to say, if the prescription is written with orange peel, it can be matched with Huazhou orange or orange peel orange according to local customs, but if it is written with Huazhou orange, orange peel red or Lai's red, it cannot be replaced with orange peel orange. After the Qing Dynasty, Huazhou orange, a herbal medicine, set up another item, which was separated from orange peel and orange in history. This is in line with the development and evolution of Huazhou Orange.

The supply of oranges in the market is still very chaotic, and some areas have developed from what they are used to to what they can supply, or what they can safely supply and what they can supply cheaply. In some areas, all kinds of cheap oranges, tangerines and grapefruit skins are used as orange medicine, which saves the process of "whitening". This is not in line with traditional habits, nor with the use value of Huazhou orange.

There are many varieties of pomelo, as well as pomelo (such as Shatian pomelo, etc. ), generally used as fruit, there is no habit of oranges used as medicines. In Huazhou production area, because there are few oranges, businessmen use a sour and bitter green grapefruit as a substitute. This kind of grapefruit tastes bitter and is not suitable for making fruit. When used as medicine, it is processed into five teeth or seven teeth, and its trade name is light blue or light yellow. (Grapefruit is peeled and sliced, then exposed to the sun at night, and its skin turns yellow, hence the name. According to the research, the expectorant, antitussive and intestinal muscle relaxing effects of Zhengmao Exocarpium Citri Grandis are far superior to those of Guangqing and Huangguang. Therefore, Huazhou orange should not be mixed with other miscellaneous skins.

Exocarpium Citri Grandis, namely Huazhou Exocarpium Citri Grandis, is a specialty of Pingding Town, Huazhou City, Guangdong Province. It is a real specialty, and the exocarpium citri grandis produced in other places can't be called exocarpium citri grandis, which is far less effective than exocarpium citri grandis.

This paper will introduce you to the identification skills of Huazhou orange and teach you how to distinguish between true and false oranges.

Exocarpium Citri Grandis has a long history and has been recorded in many Chinese medicine works, such as Ben Feng Jingyuan, Compendium of Materia Medica, and Guide to Ancient and Modern Medicine. Ancient imperial doctors were often used in the palace and were listed as court tributes.

For hundreds of years, Huazhou people have been studying and exploring the cultivation techniques of Huazhou orange and improving the technology of orange products. So far, they have created a famous brand in China-Huazhou Orange, which has been sold at home and abroad.

However, due to various reasons, there are many problems in the production and sales of Huazhou orange, especially the naming rights of Huazhou orange. Many orange producers and sellers outside Huazhou branded the oranges produced outside Huazhou as "Huazhou Oranges", and some foreign factories branded them as "Huazhou Authentic Oranges", which ruined the reputation of Huazhou Oranges and disturbed Huazhou Oranges.

Authentic "Huazhou Orange" has been severely impacted. In particular, some people sold the western orange produced in Guangxi as Huazhou orange, which caused a very bad influence.

Please remember two characteristics of authentic Huazhou orange:

1, fluff: the authentic orange peel in Huazhou is covered with fine fluff, which is one of the main features, including the finished orange fruit, which is fluffy when bought back. Oranges or grapefruit in other places have no fluff. When they are fresh, their skin is very smooth, and when they are dry, they have no fluff.

2. Smell: Authentic Huazhou orange has obvious orange peel fragrance, which is not available in ordinary oranges.

Ordinary oranges are said to have the effect of treating cough, but they are far from Huazhou orange. Many consumers think it won't be too far away. After all, they are all oranges, so it is better to eat more ordinary oranges. Why do you have to pay such a high price for oranges? This is definitely a misunderstanding. Think about why the Ming and Qing emperors listed Huazhou orange as a tribute, which should be exported every year and should not be circulated among the people.

Ordinary orange products on the market are often sold mixed with Huazhou oranges. Here are two main kinds of common oranges:

Grapefruit, commonly known as bright blue orange, bright yellow orange and big five-claw orange. It is quite different from Huazhou orange in plant morphology, raw materials and efficacy. Mainly produced in western Guangdong and eastern Guangxi, with the most output in North China and Luchuan, commonly known as pomelo and rag. It is an evergreen tree with obvious trunk, 4-5 meters high, many branches, long and thick, blunt spines on the trunk and branches, single leaf with compound leaves, oval shape, thin leaves and long 10-65438+. There is no fluff on the surface of branches and leaves, axillary racemes, cup-shaped calyx, 4-lobed, 4-petalled, white. There are 25 male berries, the ovary and fruit are spherical, multicentric, with sweet glandular hairs and edible. The pericarp of the medicinal part is hairless and the surface is rough. The red skin of ebony is turquoise or turquoise, the orange skin of ebony is yellow, and its eyes are big and oily. Processed into seven claws, folded in half, ten pieces tied together, dried or dried. The big five claws are orange green [brown] yellow, connected with a ladle, and the claws are folded inward, and ten pieces are tied together. The young fruit is hairless and rough in appearance. Both of them are not genuine products of Huazhou Orange, and their quality is far less than that of Huazhou Zhengmao Orange. Therefore, when using drugs, we must distinguish the authenticity.

Citrus and tangerine: The medicinal part is pericarp, which is quite different from Huazhou Zhengmao Exocarpium Citri Grandis. Different fruits are usually made from the skin of rutaceae lime. Oranges and oranges are evergreen shrubs with short trunks, thin branches and thorns. Leaves alternate leathery, elliptic or lanceolate, slightly pointed, slightly smaller, about 8 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, and the whole wing is not obvious; Flowers are small, white, solitary or clustered, calyx 5-lobed, flowers 5-petaled, stamens 18-24, flowers 3-5-merous. The fruit is oblate, spherical or ovoid, with many cells and sweet and sour glandular juice. The medicinal part is pericarp with 3 ~ 4 petals vertically or irregularly. The outer surface is brownish red, orange red or bluish yellow, with shrinkage, obvious oil chamber, and the inner surface is yellowish, spongy, rough, fluffy and slightly spicy. Young fruit is dry and thin, and its surface is rough and fluffy. You can't use Huazhou barrel red.