Source of works
This paper starts with the military debate in Chapter 7 of Sun Wu's The Art of War in the Spring and Autumn Period, and talks about how to "take pedantry as the straight line" and "take suffering as the advantage" to seize the combat advantage.
original work
Sun Tzu said: Any method of using troops must be under the command of the monarch, and the troops will gather for peace, so it is not difficult for the army to fight. Those who struggle in military struggle should take pedantry as a straight line and suffering as their interests.
Therefore, if you take a detour, you will be tempted to benefit, and future generations will have orders, and ancestors will have it. This is also the case. The army struggles for profit, and the army struggles for danger. It is better to raise the army for profit, and appointing the army for profit is a great kindness. Therefore, following the trend is a rush, everywhere day and night. Walking all the way, striving for a hundred miles, catching three generals, the strong is the first, and the tired is the eleventh. If you strive for profit in fifty miles, you will be a general, and the law will be half done; Three miles is good, then two thirds is good. Therefore, the army will die without baggage, food and commission. Therefore, those who don't know the plan of governors can't make friends; People who don't know the shape, obstacles and depressions of mountains can't March; You can't find a suitable place without a country guide. Therefore, stand by and cheat, move to benefit, change to divide and make peace. Therefore, its disease is like the wind, it is like fire, it does not move like a mountain, but it is difficult to know that it is like yin and moving like. Pay attention to the masses in rural areas, distribute land benefits, and move with power. The prophet's circuitous plan wins, and this method of military struggle is also.
"Military and Political Affairs" said: "Words don't match, so it is a golden drum; I didn't see each other, so I marked them. "Those rich with golden drums and banners are the eyes and ears of the people. Since the people are single-minded, the brave cannot advance alone, and the fearful cannot retreat alone. This has been done by many people. So there are many golden drums at night and many flags during the day, which is refreshing.
The three armies can seize the air, and the general can seize the heart. So the vitality is fierce, lazy during the day and returning at dusk. Those who are good at using soldiers, avoiding their spirits and hitting them on the ground, are also treating qi. Treat the chaos by treating it, and wait for it to be treated. This is also the way to treat the heart. Try to be near, be relaxed about work, and be satisfied with hunger. That's the rule, too. If you don't invite the right flag and open the array, this change will also be cured.
Therefore, the method of using troops, Gaoling, does not oppose the hills, does not pretend to the north, does not attack sharp soldiers, does not eat bait soldiers, not only belongs to the division, does not force the enemy, this method of using troops is also.
A detailed explanation of a sentence
Join forces to gather people: join forces to assemble, which is extended to organizational establishment here. Unite to bring people together to form an army.
Give up after making peace: harmony leads to "harmony" The military gate in ancient China was called "combined gate". Making peace and giving up means that the two armies are in a state of confrontation.
Military struggle: military, military, here refers to war. Military struggle, in battle, is a favorable condition for winning.
Taking detours as the straight road: refers to turning tortuous detours into convenient roads. Benefit from suffering: refers to turning harmful things into beneficial things.
First come, last come: Be dispatched after the enemy and reach the battlefield before the enemy.
It is better to support the army and compete for profits: support, complete and complete. Raising an army refers to an army that all carries weapons and trench. By raising soldiers to gain benefits and leading an army with all weapons to gain the advantage of opportunities, it will be unable to arrive on time because of slow action.
Entrust the army to compete for profits, but donate a lot: entrust, abandon and choose. Entrusting troops refers to the army that abandoned heavy equipment and trench. Entrust the army for profit, then donate the trench, the whole sentence means to lead the entrusted army to compete for the advantage of opportunity, then it will throw away all the heavy equipment and trench necessary for combat.
Capture three generals: three generals refer to the generals of the upper, middle and lower armies or the left, middle and right armies. Capture, be captured. Three generals were captured, and all the generals of the three armies were captured.
The eleventh law: law, law. Eleven, one tenth. The eleventh method is coming. In this way, only one in ten people can reach their destination on time.
Non-commissioned products: commissioned products and reserved materials. Without commission, it means that there is no reserve material. Yu Jiao: Yu, pass "harmony". Make friends with them.
Township guide: township, through the "direction".
Xu Rulin: It's like a forest swaying gently to relieve the pressure on soldiers.
Prophet's detour plan wins: the first person who understands and uses the detour plan will win.
Those who don't listen to the other side: when fighting, they rely on language to command, and the voice can't be heard clearly.
A person's eyes and ears: First, unite as one. People call it foot soldiers. A person's eyes and ears means to unify the actions of soldiers.
Change people's eyes and ears: change, here is the solution of "adaptation" and "convenience" Change people's eyes and ears and adapt to the eyes and ears of foot soldiers.
The three armed forces can seize the spirit, and the generals can seize the heart: the crowding of the three armed forces can make them lose their spirit and the generals lose their strong determination and will.
Unsolicited flag: Don't invite enemy troops with neat flags and magnificent queues.
Don't attack: don't attack the enemy with strong lineup and strength.
Governance: change, here refers to machine change. Manage change and master the method of machine change.
Don't go to Gaoling: Don't attack the enemy who occupies the highland.
Don't turn your back on the hill: don't attack the enemy with your back on the hill.
Turn a blind eye to the north: don't attack the enemy who pretends to be defeated.
Don't eat bait soldiers: bait, bait.
Translation of works
Sun Tzu said, "Use the tactics of fighting, general, and accept your orders. There is nothing more difficult than winning first, from assembling troops and camping to going to the battlefield to fight the enemy.". The most difficult thing in "military struggle" is to reach the scheduled battlefield faster by circuitous marching and turn seemingly unfavorable conditions into favorable conditions. Therefore, because I made a detour and lured the enemy to benefit, the enemy didn't know where I was going, so although I set out, I was able to reach the battlefield before the enemy. Whoever can do this will know this cunning plan. "Military struggle" is beneficial, but also dangerous. Fighting for profit with all the baggage will affect the marching speed and prevent the enemy from reaching the battlefield first; If you leave the trench and go into battle lightly, you will lose your equipment. If the generals of the three armies March day and night without rest and run for hundreds of miles, they may be captured. Strong soldiers can arrive at the battlefield first, but tired soldiers are bound to fall behind, and only one-tenth of the troops arrive on time; Forced to March fifty miles for profit, the leader of the vanguard troops will be frustrated, and only half of the sergeants will arrive as scheduled; March 30 miles for Yizhou, and generally only two-thirds of the troops arrive on time. In this way, the troops can't live without the trench, can't live without the food supply, and can't live without the reserve of combat readiness materials.
Therefore, if you don't understand the design of vassal States, don't form an alliance with them; You can't March without knowing the terrain distribution of mountains, obstacles and swamps; Without a guide, it is impossible to master and use favorable terrain. Therefore, the use of troops depends on fraud and surprise attack to win. Decide actions according to whether it is conducive to victory, and divide or concentrate major changes according to the situation of both sides. According to the needs of the battlefield situation, when the troops act quickly, the wind is swaying; When marching calmly, it unfolds slowly like a forest; When attacking the city and plundering the land, it is in full swing; When stationed in defense, it is like a mountain; When the military situation is hidden, it is like a dark cloud covering the sun; When the army came out, it was thunderous. To seize the enemy's property and plunder the people, we must divide our forces and act. Open up territory, share benefits, divide forces and keep key points. All these should weigh the pros and cons and act according to the actual situation. The first to know the "devious plan" wins, which is the principle of military struggle.
"Military Affairs" said: "On the battlefield, you can't hear clearly, and you can't hear words, so you set up a golden drum; Command by action, you can't see clearly or clearly, so use a standard. Golden drums and flags are used to unify soldiers' audio-visual and combat operations. Since all soldiers obey the unified command, the brave soldiers will not advance alone, and the timid soldiers will not retreat alone. This is the way to command the army to fight. Therefore, when fighting at night, it is necessary to light many places and often beat drums; During the day, many flags should be erected. These are used to disrupt enemy audio and video.
For the enemy's three armies, it can hit their spirits and demoralize them. For enemy generals, it can shake their determination and demoralize them. Therefore, when the enemy arrives early in the morning, his spirit will be full; By noon, Chen Bing was sleepy and lazy. When the sun goes down, people's mind will return and their chances of breathing will drop. People who are good at fighting will avoid the enemy's spirit and launch a storm when the enemy's morale is exhausted. This is the principle of using morale correctly. Use our well-managed army to deal with enemies with chaotic military and political affairs, and use my calm and stable morale to deal with enemies with restless morale. This is the way to master and use the morale of the army. I entered the nearby battlefield and waited for the enemy who could not attack for a long time; I calmly hold the tired enemy in a hurry; Fight the hungry enemy with my well-nourished teacher. This is the way to grasp the combat effectiveness of the army. Don't attack an army with neat flags and unified troops, and don't attack an army with clean lineup and full morale. This is to know how to improvise on the battlefield.
Therefore, the principle of using troops is: do not attack the enemy who occupies the highland and leans on the mountain; Don't follow the enemy who pretends to be defeated and flee; The enemy's elite troops should not storm; Enemy bait soldiers, not greedy; Don't intercept troops retreating to the mainland; For the besieged enemy, leave a gap; Don't force a desperate enemy. These are the basic principles of using troops.
Working background
Sun Tzu's Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, Wu Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, etc. , a brilliant treasure in China's classical military cultural heritage, is an important part of China's excellent cultural tradition, and is also one of the three major art books in the world (the other two are On War (clausewitz) and On War). The author is Sun Wu (word evergreen), a native of Qi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.
The thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War are highly praised by later military strategists, and are known as the "holy book of the art of war", ranking first among the seven books of the art of war. Sun Tzu (Sun Wuzi), also known as "the sage of military strategists", is known as "the teacher of military strategists through the ages" and "the originator of eastern military science".
First of all, the first plan is about the calculation of the temple, that is, before sending troops, we compare the situation of the enemy and ourselves in the temple, estimate the possibility of winning or losing the war, and make a battle plan.
The second part of "The Story of War" is about the mobilization of war after the calculation of the temple, and using it to fight against the enemy in order to defeat the enemy and strengthen the country.
The third part of "attacking for the purpose of seeking" is to attack the city with ingenuity, that is, not using special forces, but using various means to make the defensive enemy surrender.
The first three are about strategic operations.
The fourth chapter of Military Form is about objective, stable and obvious factors, such as the strength of combat effectiveness and material preparation for war.
Chapter V "Military Intelligence" refers to subjective, changeable and accidental factors, such as the distribution of troops, morale and courage.
The sixth part of the "Virtual and Real Department" is about how to disperse and assemble, surround and detour, and cause our strong enemy to be weak at the scheduled battle site, so as to win more than less.
The third is operational command.
The seventh chapter of "Military Argument" is about how to "take circuitous as a straight line" and "take suffering as an advantage" to seize the battle advantage.
The eighth chapter of "Nine Changes" tells that the general adopts different strategies and tactics according to different situations.
The ninth chapter of March is about how to camp and observe the enemy's situation in March.
The fourth is the battlefield machine change.
The tenth part of topography is about six different operational terrains and their corresponding tactical requirements.
According to the situation of "subject and object" and the degree of penetration into the enemy, the eleventh chapter of "Nine Places" talked about nine operational environments and corresponding tactical requirements.
The fifth is military geography.
Chapter 12 of fire attack is about fire attack assistance.
Chapter 13 "Users are forbidden to control production" is about the cooperative use of five kinds of spies. The language in the book is concise and the content is very philosophical. Many generals were later influenced by this book.
works appreciation
In fact, it is not only a combat method, but also a way of thinking to encircle and leave divisions behind. Its core is to ask people to handle things carefully, leave room, don't talk too much, don't do things too badly, and give each other or contradiction space time to change. Exceeding a certain limit is often counterproductive.
Brief introduction of the author
Sun Wu, whose real name was Changqing, was born in Le 'an, Qi State, China in the Spring and Autumn Period (now Huimin, Shandong Province, according to legend, was a boxing or Guangrao). Famous military strategist. He once led Wu Jun to defeat the Chu army, occupied the capital of Chu, and almost destroyed Chu. His masterpiece, The Art of War, has 13 articles, which is highly praised by later military strategists. Known as the "sacred book of military science", it ranks first among the seven military classics and has been translated into English, French, German and Japanese, making it the most famous military scientific work in the world.