IQ (Intelligence Quotient) is an index that compares an individual's intelligence test scores with those of subjects of the same age. It is a standard for measuring the level of an individual's intelligence.

IQ is affected by genetics, environment, diet and other factors.

At the beginning of the 20th century, French psychologist Alfred Binet (1857-1911) and his students compiled the world's first set of intelligence scales. Based on this set of intelligence scales, the average person's The average IQ is set at 100, and according to this set of tests, the IQ of normal people is mostly between 85 and 115. IQ mainly depends on heredity, but human intelligence is definitely not static. It develops with age and changes due to education and training. In 1905, French psychologist A. Binet and doctor T. Simon screened in order to popularize compulsory education. For children with intellectual retardation, the world's first set of intelligence test scales, the Binet-Simon Scale, was compiled. It has 30 test items, arranged in order from easy to difficult. In 1908, based on the results of using the 1905 scale, Binet and Simon made further modifications and proposed a new scale, adding test items from the original 30 to 54, and deleting those items that required special training to complete. There are a certain number of test items for each age group from 3 years old to adults. In 1911, based on his own experience and that of other scholars, Binet revised the scale for the last time and published a new scale, which he called the 1911 scale. [4]

Later, Professor Terman introduced this scale to the United States and revised it to the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and used the ratio of mental age to physiological age as an index to evaluate children’s intelligence level. This ratio is called IQ, expressed by the formula: IQ=MA (mental age)/CA (physiological age) × 100. People call this kind of IQ ratio IQ [6].

The scale developed by American psychologist D. Wechsler (1896-1981) is referred to as the Wechsler Scale. It is another widely used intelligence test scale, including children's intelligence. Table, Adult Intelligence Scale, Preschool and Early School Age Intelligence Scale. The Wechsler scale abandons the concept of mental age and retains the concept of IQ, but it cannot use the traditional IQ formula. Instead, it applies statistical principles to calculate the deviation IQ based on people's intelligence and the fact of normal distribution. To express the level of intelligence. Wechsler assumed that people's IQs are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Therefore, as long as we can calculate the difference between a person and the mean of his group in units of standard deviation, we can find his IQ.

Influencing factors

1. Heredity: Generally speaking, if parents have high IQ, their children will not have low IQ. This genetic factor is also reflected in blood relationships. Children whose parents are both locals have an average IQ of 102; children born to parents who marry in other provinces have an IQ of 109; and if the parents are cousins, there is a significant increase in children with low IQs. [5]

2. Breast milk: Breast milk contains a variety of active substances that promote children's intellectual development. In particular, taurine, which has an important impact on intellectual development, is 10 times higher than that of milk. According to surveys, children who grew up on breast milk have IQs about 3 to 10 points higher than those who grew up on milk substitutes. [5]

3. Diet: A monotonous diet leads to a lack of certain trace elements, or a diet that is too small, or a serious lack of protein and other nutrients can lead to stunted IQ development. Excessive intake of multiple metal elements such as lead and copper can also affect IQ. [5]

4. Weight: Children whose weight exceeds 20% of normal children will have lower vision, hearing, and ability to receive knowledge. This is because too much fat in obese children enters the brain, which will hinder the development of nerve cells and nerve fiber proliferation. [5]

5. Environment: Children who live in a boring environment, such as abandoned babies, do not receive maternal love and good education, and their IQs will be lower. According to research and surveys, the average IQ of such children is only 60.5 when they are 3 years old. On the contrary, the average IQ of 3-year-old children in a good environment is 91.8. [5]

6. Drugs: Certain drugs can affect children’s intelligence. For example, long-term use of anti-epileptic drugs can lower IQ. After stopping the drugs for a few years, IQ will improve [5] ].

Differences from EQ

First of all, IQ and EQ reflect two different psychological qualities. IQ mainly reflects a person's cognitive ability, thinking ability, language ability, observation ability, calculation ability, rhythmic ability, etc. In other words, it mainly expresses people's rational ability. It may be the function of the cerebral cortex, especially the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for abstract thinking and analytical thinking. Emotional intelligence mainly reflects a person's ability to feel, understand, apply, express, control and regulate his or her emotions, as well as his ability to handle emotional relationships between himself and others. Emotional intelligence reflects an individual's ability to grasp and deal with emotional problems. Emotion often precedes reason. It is irrational and its material basis is primarily associated with the brainstem system. The frontal lobe of the brain controls emotions. [3]

Secondly, the formation basis of IQ and EQ are different. Although EQ and IQ are both related to genetic factors and environmental factors, their relationships with genetic and environmental factors are different. The relationship between IQ and genetic factors is much greater than that of social environment factors. According to the entry in the British "Concise Encyclopedia Britannica·Intelligence Quotient": "According to survey results, about 70%-80% of the differences in intelligence are due to genetic genes, and 20%-30% of the differences in intelligence are caused by different environmental influences. "There are also innate factors in the formation and development of emotional intelligence. Research by American psychologist Ekman shows that New Guineans who have never had contact with the outside world can correctly judge the expressions in photos of other ethnic groups. There are great cultural differences in emotions. Folklore research shows that there are significant differences in the emotional expressions of different ethnic groups. Child psychology research shows that congenitally blind children have relatively weak emotional abilities due to the impact of socialization barriers caused by barriers to social communication. Anthropological research shows that the emotions of primitive humans are very different from those of civilized people. They are irritable, moody, and have poor self-control ability. Some anthropological researchers in the United States believe that human beings have very weak emotional control abilities in childhood. From today's perspective, it looks like they are suffering from collective psychosis. It can also be seen from the study of modern history that human emotions are easily affected by the social environment, and people always have a deep-rooted herd mentality. [7]

Again, IQ and EQ play different roles. The main function of IQ is to understand things better. People with high IQs have excellent thinking quality, strong learning ability, and deep understanding. They are prone to make outstanding achievements in a certain professional field and become experts in a certain field. Surveys show that many people with high IQs have become experts, scholars, professors, judges, lawyers, reporters, etc., and have high attainments in their fields. Emotional intelligence is mainly related to irrational factors, which affects the ability to understand and practice activities. It strengthens or weakens the driving force to understand things by affecting people's interest, will, and perseverance. Although people with low IQ but high EQ may not learn as efficiently as those with high IQ, they can sometimes learn better and achieve greater success than those with high IQ. Because of the spirit of perseverance, diligence can make up for weakness. In addition, emotional intelligence is the ability to grasp and regulate the emotions of oneself and others. Therefore, it has a greater bearing on the handling of interpersonal relationships. Its function is closely related to social life, interpersonal relationships, health status, and marital status. People with low emotional intelligence have tense interpersonal relationships, their marriages are prone to breakdown, and their leadership skills are not high. People with higher emotional intelligence usually have healthier emotions, have more complete marriages and families, have good interpersonal relationships, are more likely to become leaders of a certain department, and have higher leadership and management capabilities. Emotional intelligence (EQ) will Affects the performance of intelligence quotient (IQ). Relationship with intelligence

IQ is the abbreviation of intelligence quotient, which measures a person's intellectual development level at their age through a series of standardized tests. [9]

Intelligence is a comprehensive cognitive psychological characteristic. It mainly includes: 1. Perception and memory ability, especially observation ability: 2. Abstract generalization ability (including imagination ability), abstract generalization ability Ability (that is, logical thinking ability) is the core component of intelligence; 3. Creativity is an advanced manifestation of intelligence. [10]

Average intelligence level

Professor Richard Lynn is a senior researcher in the field of IQ. He began researching racial IQ in 1977. In 2005, Professor Lin En announced a "bold" research result, saying that "men have 5 points higher IQ than women." Later, Lynn also compared the average IQ of college students from various countries around the world, and found that American college students had the highest IQ in the world with an IQ of 110, while British college students followed closely behind, with an average IQ of 109.

[2]

In 2006, Professor Richard Lynn published a new book called "Differences in Racial Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis", which summarized the differences in the rankings of racial IQ in different regions and reasons, and drew the IQ world map accordingly. On the IQ world map drawn by Professor Linn, Jews have the highest IQ, with an average of over 125, followed by Germany at 109, the Netherlands at 107, and Poland at 106. Europeans and East Asians have the highest average IQ in the world, with an average of 105. The following rankings are Eskimos (91), Southeast Asians (87), Native Americans (87), indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands (85), South Asians and North Africans (84), and Sub-Saharan Africans (67). ), Australian Aboriginals (62). The areas with the lowest racial IQ are the jungles of the desert plateau of South Africa and the Pygmies of the Congo (Brazzaville) rainforest, with an average IQ of 54. [2]

Objectively speaking, scientifically testing children’s intelligence can help parents find the golden key to unlocking their children’s intelligence as early as possible and correctly understand their children’s strengths and weaknesses. For children with mental retardation, they can be discovered and treated earlier. If the method is improper and the child is blindly identified prematurely and rashly, it may directly affect the child's future healthy growth. [11]

If a child shows extraordinary intelligence or ability, it is recommended that the IQ test be done without the child’s knowledge. Testing methods for extraordinary children are relatively complex, and experts will use a variety of assessment methods to identify their potential and abilities, such as nomination methods, observation methods, motivation assessment methods, performance and archiving and other non-traditional methods.