Tengzhou City, Shandong Province is the potato town of China named by the Ministry of Agriculture. Around May 5th every year, potatoes in early spring have been put on the market on a large scale, and merchants from all over the country come in an endless stream.
Jiehe Town is the main potato producing area in Tengzhou. The potato planting area in spring and autumn reaches 8 hectares, making it the largest potato producing area in China. A few years ago, most farmers in this area carried out decentralized and empirical production, with single variety and average quality, which became the bottleneck restricting the potato industry to become bigger and stronger.
In p>24, Zaozhuang Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, after investigation and demonstration, listed potato production as a key point of its agricultural standardization construction, which made the potato industry enter the track of standardization development. The bureau takes Jiehe Town as a demonstration site. First, it expounds the importance of agricultural standardization through contact with relevant departments of the local government, which has won great attention and support from relevant departments. The second is to establish a potato production standard system, and all aspects of potato from the beginning of seed selection (seed selection), fertilization, greenhouse coverage and field management are all included in standardized management; The third is to guide the establishment of five high-standard demonstration parks by means of professional and technical personnel entering the fields and propaganda vehicles, printing and distributing propaganda materials and exchanging experiences; Fourth, organize local farmers to set up potato agricultural standardization production association to help introduce high-quality varieties such as "Holland 7" and ensure potato quality; The fifth is to assist the local government to build the potato "King of Golden Potato" brand, which has greatly improved the popularity and sales of potatoes in this area and increased the income of farmers.
Tengzhou potato has become a pollution-free agricultural product (17.12%, 1.33% and 8.42%) due to the vigorous implementation of agricultural standardized production. In 27, Tengzhou potato passed the registration procedure of geographical indication certification trademark, becoming the first geographical indication product in Zaozhuang, filling the blank of geographical indication certification trademark in Zaozhuang. At present, all potato production in this area adopts standardized production and management methods, realizing standardization of planting, standardization of management, industrialization of management and marketization of sales. At present, Tengzhou potatoes have successfully entered the markets of large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, and are sold to more than 2 provinces and cities in China, such as Guangdong, Shenzhen, Beijing, Heilongjiang and Xi 'an, and are sold to Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand, Russia and other countries through foreign trade ports such as Qingdao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
geographical scope
Tengzhou city is located in the center of Huaihai Economic Zone in the southwest of Shandong Province, at the junction of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces. It has jurisdiction over 17 townships, 4 offices and 1,226 administrative villages, with a total population of 1.56 million and an agricultural population of 1.288 million. The city's total land area is 1,485 square kilometers, the cultivated land area is 1.12 million mu, the east-west width is 45 kilometers, and the north-south length is 46 kilometers. The terrain inclines from northeast to southwest. Potatoes are planted in spring and autumn in 161 administrative villages in Jiehe Town, Longyang Town, Jiangtun Town and Dawu Town in the north of Tengzhou City, with a total production area of 43, hectares and a total output of 1.625 million tons. Geographical coordinates are 116 53'-117 12' east longitude and 35 4'-35 18' north latitude.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Tengzhou is surrounded by mountains in the north, south and east, which belongs to the southwest foot extension of the mountainous area in central and southern Shandong, and borders Nansi Lake in the west. There are three types of landforms in Tengzhou: low hills, piedmont plains and lakeside depressions, among which plains account for 7% of the city's land area. The soil types in Tengzhou City are mainly fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon soil, accounting for 81.71% of the total soil area. The soil layer is deep, the soil structure is good, the soil is loose and breathable, the pH value is between 6.1 and 7., the organic matter content is 1.25%, the available nitrogen is 158.7ppm, the available phosphorus is 65.4ppm, and the available potassium is above 185.9ppm, that is, the available nitrogen and available potassium are rich.
(2) Hydrological situation: The rivers in Tengzhou belong to the Huaihe River Basin and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. There are more than 1 large and small rivers in the city, including 6 rivers with a drainage area of more than 1 square kilometers. The main rivers with perennial water flow are Jiehe, Beishahe, Chenghe, Xuehe and Guohe.
(3) Climate: Tengzhou belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, with a warm monsoon continental climate, four distinct seasons, abundant light and heat precipitation, and favorable agricultural climate conditions, with an average annual temperature of 13.6℃ and an average annual sunshine of 2383hs；; The annual average frost-free period is 21d, the annual monthly average temperature ≥℃ lasts for 298d, the accumulated temperature is 558℃, the daily average temperature ≥1℃ lasts for 213d, and the accumulated temperature is 4533℃. The annual average precipitation is 756mm, of which the precipitation from March to September accounts for 8% of the annual total. At the same time, Tengzhou is rich in groundwater resources, with a static water level of about 25 meters.
(4) Human history: Tengzhou is the main potato producing area and the largest potato planting area in the Central Plains. Potato is the leading industry, occupying a major position in the city's regional GDP, and Tengzhou City has established the National Potato Association, which has made the planting area of high-quality potatoes reach more than 65, mu. Potato in Tengzhou City is the result of careful selection and natural selection by local farmers. In the long-term potato planting practice, the working people have accumulated rich experience in planting and breeding. After nearly 1 years of planting, a representative Tengzhou potato variety "Feiwuruita Series" has been gradually formed, which has been widely planted in the local area and is well received by the market. The products are sold to Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Beijing, Shanghai and other parts of the country, with an annual sales volume of more than 1.62 million tons, and some commodities are sold to Southeast Asia, Singapore and other places.
Technical requirements for production
(1) Selection of producing area and special content: select plots with good irrigation and drainage conditions, light soil, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good permeability. The implementation of more than three crop rotation, with beans, corn, green onions, etc. as the previous crop, and continuous cropping and stubble opposition with solanaceae crops are forbidden. Soil preparation; Clean the fields thoroughly after the previous crops are harvested. Deep ploughing in winter, at the same time, about 5 square meters of soil and miscellaneous fertilizers are spread, and the ploughing depth is 25cm. Before sowing, rake carefully and evenly, so as to achieve sowing and sowing.
(2) Variety selection and designation requirements: select the representative local variety "Feiwuruita Series", and select virus-free G2 and G3 seed potatoes whose quality meets the national standard.
(3) production process management: in order to strengthen the work of geographical indications of potato agricultural products in Tengzhou, make the quality of potato products meet the requirements of green food standards, produce high-standard and high-quality potatoes, and improve the quality control system, the following management systems are specially formulated to carry out production process management. The first is the production management system of the base. The second is the management system of agricultural inputs. The third is the technical guidance and promotion system. The fourth is the training system.
(4) product harvest: it can be harvested and put on the market at the beginning of May, and it can be harvested according to the time when fresh potatoes are put on the market or sold and stored. Handle with care when harvesting, to avoid skin slipping. Packaging according to the specified requirements when selling.
(5) production record requirements: make a detailed record of product production place, soil tillage stubble, agricultural machinery and tools used, name, mode, time and amount of fertilizer applied, name, mode, time and target of pesticide applied, date, mode and quantity of product harvest and sales, etc.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics: Tengzhou potato has formed its own unique product characteristics under long-term cultivation and natural selection, and its varieties are mainly Fiwuruita series, and the produced potato is oval, with shallow buds, smooth skin and yellow flesh, which is suitable for fresh food.
(2) intrinsic quality index: intrinsic nutrition is abundant. Take 1g fresh potato as an example: starch content is 9.1%, protein content is 7g, fat is .2g, sugar is 17g, calorie is 337cal, crude fiber is 1.3g, minerals are 65.2g, and vitamins are 19.5mg. Tengzhou potatoes are especially rich in crude fiber, protein, iron, vitamins C, B1 and B2.
(3) safety requirements: implementation standards for air, irrigation water, surface water and pesticide control
GB 395-1996 air quality standard
GB 584-1992 farmland irrigation water quality standard
GB 3838-1988 national surface water quality standard
GB 4285-1989 pesticide safety use. The geographical indications of agricultural products are obvious, and the product, product name, grade and weight (gross weight and net weight) are marked clearly, and the name or code of the inspector is indicated.
during transportation, pay attention to prevent rain. It is forbidden to use warehouses and carriages contaminated with residual poison, and it is not allowed to mix them with toxic substances. Store them in a ventilated and dry room to prevent mildew.