Classification of families and genera
Angiosperms, Dicotyledons, Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Watermelon.
Annual vines. The fruit is crisp, sweet and juicy, rich in mineral salts and vitamins, and is the main fruit in summer. Watermelon can clear away heat and relieve summer heat, which is helpful for treating nephritis, diabetes and cystitis. Peel can be preserved, preserved, jam and feed. The oil content of seeds is as high as 50%, which can be used to extract oil, fry food or make pastry ingredients.
Characteristics: Watermelon has a main root system, the depth of which is more than 1 m, and the root groups are mainly distributed in the 20 cm-30 cm plough layer. The roots are slender, easily broken, weak in regeneration and not resistant to transplantation. Fruits are spherical, oval, oval, cylindrical and so on. The surface of the fruit is smooth or ribbed, and the epidermis is green-white, green, dark green, dark green and black, with fine meshes or stripes in between. The pulp is milky white, light yellow, dark yellow, light red, bright red and other colors. Meat is divided into meat and mortar.
Cultivation: Watermelon likes high temperature and dry climate. The suitable growth temperature is 25 ~ 30℃, and 6 ~ 10℃ is vulnerable to cold damage. In areas where the monthly average temperature is above 65438 09℃ and the annual average temperature is above 3 months, it is feasible to cultivate in the open field. It is a long-day plant, which likes strong light, and its light saturation point is 80,000 lux. Suitable for dry and hot climate, strong drought tolerance, sandy loam with good drainage and deep soil layer. .
Origin most parts of the country can be cultivated. Shilipu, Yishui County, Shandong Province and Laixi, Shandong Province are widely cultivated. Nanlan watermelon is produced in Hetoudian Town, Laixi City, and is famous for its sandy quality, sweet taste, high moisture content and rich nutrition.
Watermelon is the main fruit in summer. Mature fruit contains a lot of water, and the sugar content of pulp is generally 5 ~ 12%, including glucose, fructose and sucrose. The sweetness increased with the increase of sucrose in the late mature stage. Without starch, the sweetness will be reduced due to the hydrolysis of disaccharide into monosaccharide during storage. Melon seeds can be used as tea, and melon skin can be processed into watermelon sauce. Chinese medicine uses melon juice and peel as medicine, which can clear away heat and relieve summer heat.
It can be called the king of melons. It was introduced from the western regions in the Han Dynasty, so it was called watermelon. Watermelon also belongs to the genus Cucurbitaceae, which is native to Africa. At present, except for a few remote and cold areas, it is planted all over the country, and the fruit is sweet and cold.
Watermelon is a typical fruit and the main fruit in summer. As long as there is frozen watermelon in hot summer or hot tropical night, it will have the effect of relieving summer heat.
Variety: Watermelon can be divided into three categories according to different uses: ordinary watermelon, melon seeds and small watermelon. Black beauty: oval, small, pure black skin. Seedless watermelon: round, with peel stripes. Watermelon with flower skin: oval, large, with light green and dark green skin.
Skills of selecting watermelon
Look at the flowers and melons, the lines should be clear, profound and distinct; Black melon should be black and shiny. No matter what kind of melon, the pedicel and navel of the melon are concave inward, the rattan handle is close to the skin downward, and the pedicel is thick green, which is a sign of maturity. Touch the skin with your thumb. If the skin feels smooth and hard, it is a good melon; if the skin is sticky and soft, it is a second melon. The higher the maturity, the lighter the weight of watermelon. Generally, watermelons of the same size should be light, and those that are overweight are raw melons. Listen to the watermelon in your hand, flick it with your fingers and make a crisp sound of "dong, dong". The hand holding watermelon feels a little shaky, and it is a ripe melon; The sound of "suddenly, suddenly" is a reflection of relatively high maturity; "Poof, poof" is a ripe sweet potato; It is a raw melon, and it will make a "click, click" sound.
Misunderstanding of watermelon selection
1. Listen to the sound: Most people think that listening to the sound can pick out a good watermelon. All kinds of watermelons can be selected by listening. In fact, different watermelons have different sounds because of their thick skin and great toughness.
2. Look at the bottom of the melon: Generally speaking, if the bottom of the melon is yellow, it must be a ripe melon. In fact, sometimes when farming, because the bottom of the melon is not light, it may turn yellow in three or four minutes.
The correct way to choose watermelon:
1. Choose high-quality varieties: there are many watermelons in the market, small watermelons include Xiaolan and Black Beauty, medium-sized watermelons include 8424 and 87 14, and large watermelons are rarely eaten in coastal areas. When buying melons, specifying varieties may have unexpected effects.
2. Listen to the sound: At present, the skin of small watermelons is generally brittle. If you hear a crisp sound, you may not be familiar with it. Other places with skin color, such as black beauty, sound a little vague because of their thick skin. If it sounds like wax gourd, it will be very strange.
3. Look at the skin color: Generally speaking, mature watermelons are generally smooth and shiny. If you still have bristles, this melon may not be mature enough.
4, look at the pattern: after the flower skin melon matures, the pattern can generally spread out, if it is still tight, it will not work.
5. Look at vines: Now, in order to show the beauty of melons, farmers usually keep vines for sale. Just see if the tendrils of raw melons are burnt. If not, then its familiarity is still a little poor.
Cool but not greasy, watermelon is delicious, braised pork is soft.
Common sense of life about watermelon
At present, the watermelon production area in China is divided into two parts, the south is mainly Hainan Island, which is rich in watermelons all year round because of its unique climate. In the north, Hubei is the main producing area of watermelon, mainly concentrated in Yicheng City of Xiangfan. After more than ten years of brand promotion, "Liushui Watermelon" produced by Yicheng has become a famous watermelon brand in China, which is well received by consumers.