Ge, a well-known literary and historical expert, discovered that among the concubines of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there was also a "foreign noble concubine" from Central Asia.
Tang Xuanzong had 29 daughters and 30 sons. There are 20 recorded concubines, namely Concubine Liu Hua, Concubine Zhao, Concubine Qian, and Concubine Liu Jieyu. Some concubines have been lost, and the most suspicious one is "Cao Ye Naji". The "Biography of Emperors and Princesses" in "New Book of Tang" only contains: "Shou'an Gongzhu was born in Cao Ye Naji."
Cao Ye Jina's name is a transliteration of Chinese. Cao is the common name of the Sogdians. The word 'Yena' is a commonly used name among Sogdian people, and its original meaning in Sogdian is 'the most loved one'. It can be used by both handsome men and beautiful women, which means that men look energetic and women look beautiful.
The Sogdians are one of the ancient countries in the Western Regions recorded in ancient Chinese books, and are also the name of an ethnic group. Its activity range is in the Zerafshan Valley between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers in Central Asia. Its capital "Marakunda" is located in today's Samarkand.
How did Cao Yeji come to the prosperous age of Kaiyuan and enter the harem?
According to the annual statistics of "Cefu Yuangui", during the 100 years from the seventh year of Wude, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, to the seventh year of Daizong Dali, the emperor paid tribute 94 times, including 8 tributes from Cao. Especially in the first half of the eighth century, the Arab Empire continued its military offensive eastward, advancing step by step towards Central Asian countries, forcing them to seek help from China. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, it accounted for more than half. In the fourth year of Tianbao, King Cao Gropulu paid tribute, clearly hoping to get rid of the threat of the Arabs and become a small country in the Tang Dynasty. In this way, it is natural to pay tribute to Hu.
Shi Zai, during the Kaiyuan period, Hu Xuan’s women were presented by the United States, Hu Xuan’s women were presented by Guo Kang, Hu Xuan’s women were presented by the Shi State many times, and the three Hu Xuan women were presented by the Americas. One offering. According to tradition, it is natural for Cao to pay tribute to Hu.
In addition, Cao Ye was probably a female slave sold by foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty. Because he was good at singing and dancing and was in tune with "Hu Feng" in the palace, he was favored by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Hu Xuan Dance is one of the most popular dances in the Tang Dynasty.
Volume 146 says: "The dance turns as fast as the wind, commonly known as Hu Xuan."
Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, liked Hu Xuanwu very much. His favorite concubine Yang Yuhuan and his favorite An Lushan often danced with Hu Xuanwu in the court to please Tang Xuanzong.
Yun: "In his later years, he was obese and strong, with his belly hanging down past his knees and weighing 330 pounds. He could only move by lifting his body over his shoulders in each row. Before Xuanzong, Hu Xuan danced as fast as the wind." Dynasties There are always people who betray their country. Surrender, this word is very contemptuous, but forced by the situation and trying to survive, many people still walked on this desolate road with the condemnation of the world. Li Yongfang, a famous general of the Ming Dynasty, was the first traitor to surrender to the Manchus.
Li Yongfang, whose birth and death dates are unknown, was a member of the Tieling Guards in Liaodong Province during the Ming Dynasty. During the Wanli period, he became the highest military commander in Fushun, with more than 600 people under his command. Although Fushun is a small place, it is very close to Hetuhara and is the first front line of the Ming Empire's defense against Nurhaci. When Nurhaci unified the Jurchen Yehe tribe, he had contact with Li Yongfang, exchanged letters, and was familiar with each other.
In April of the forty-sixth year of Wanli, Nurhachi secretly set out to attack the Ming Dynasty on the grounds of the so-called "Seven Great Hatreds". The first hurdle he needed to cross was Fushun. Nurhaci's men tried to open and close the gate on the pretext of requesting entry into the market, and then the army surrounded Fushun City. Li Yongfang became the turtle in the urn. Nuhaqi sent a letter of surrender to Li Yongfang. On the one hand, he was induced by engagements and promotions; on the other, he threatened massacres. Faced with this dilemma, Li Yongfang agreed to surrender, but he still lined up to defend the city. Finally
Nurhachi was not very strong at the time, and having such an Amin army had a great influence on him politically and militarily. Despite Li Yongfang's resistance, Nurhachi was overjoyed and tried his best to fight for him not to lose his preface. He "gave Yongfang a third-class lieutenant to rule his people" and betrothed his granddaughter to Li Yongfang as his wife. From then on, Li Yongfang changed his appearance and became a member of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, serving Nurhachi wholeheartedly. As for Li Yongfang’s surrender and rebellion, history books say, “Since the Ming Dynasty, the border city was cut off from Fushun;
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After Li Yongfang surrendered, in view of his special status, the main task Nurhaci gave him was to gather information and bribe the Ming Dynasty generals. This is what is now commonly referred to as espionage and rebellion. Don’t mention it, Li Yongfang’s The defense of the city was lax, but it was possible. One hundred taels of silver a day were not wasted, and the decadent generals were moved all over Liaodong and were willing to open their doors and surrender. In the Battle of Shenyang and the Battle of Sipingbao, Nurhachi won one after another. Due to his achievements, Li Yongfang was also promoted to company commander.
Li Yongfang has a charming side, but he also has a shy and cowardly side. In 1999, the fourth year after Jin's death, when the Saarhu War ended, he entered the tent of the captured North Korean marshal, scrawled on the ground with chopsticks, and wrote: "If you are unfilial and unchaste, your steps will be ugly." His disgrace as a traitor. In May of the eighth year of Jian'an, Li Yongfang was worried that the news was untrue and rashly sent troops to persuade Nurhaci not to participate in suppressing the resistance of Fuzhou soldiers and civilians. As a result, Nurhachi severely reprimanded his sons and soon after, Li Yongfang defected because of Liu Xingzuo. In the Ming Dynasty, he was implicated and was dismissed from his position as company commander.
After Nurhachi's death, Huang Taiji came to the throne. In the first year of Tiancong, Li Yongfang accompanied Amin on his mission to North Korea, but he followed Huang Taiji's advice. Amin scolded him as a "beast slave" and even killed him. Afterwards, Huang Taiji, who always had a clear sense of rewards and punishments, did not give Li Yongfang any comfort when he heard about it. In Huang Taiji's view, he was just a rebellious slave. He didn't have to offend his brother.
As a result, Li Yongfang, who thought he was loyal to the Qing Dynasty, was severely stimulated and never said a word again. Taiji rewarded the meritorious service and said: "The meritorious service of the officials is divided into several times. The one who has been the most honest will be awarded the third viscount. The hereditary succession has not been successful. "However, this title and honor could not save Li Yongfang's inner morality and humiliation. Soon, Li Yongfang died with endless dissatisfaction.
Li Yongfang's descendants won the trust and respect of the Qing emperor, and their The fourth grandson, Li Shiyao, was promoted to Manchuria. Many people raised objections at that time, but one of the reasons why Emperor Qianlong refuted the Ministry of Civil Affairs' "Manchu officials are not awarded to Han soldiers" was that "Li Yongfang Sun, An Ke can compare with other Han soldiers." Li Yongfang's influence in the Qing Dynasty can be seen. Emperor Qianlong once said that "the law has the meaning of death and cannot be taboo", but he was finally classified as "Chen Er".