(classic)

Different names are just before (classic), Herba Epimedii (theory of Lei Gong's baking), Herba Epimedii (collection of Liu Liuzhou), cauliflower, abandoned grass, thousand taels of gold, dried chicken tendon, Huanglianzu (Japanese herbal medicine), three branches of nine-leaf grass (herbal medicine), cornus flower and copper wire.

The source is stems and leaves of Epimedium, Epimedium cardiophyllum or Epimedium sagittatum of Berberidaceae.

Plant Morphology ① Epimedium

Perennial herb, 30 ~ 40 cm tall. Rhizomes are long, transverse, hard and have many fibrous roots. The leaves are 2-3 compound leaves, 9 leaflets, long stalks, thin leathery leaflets, oval to oblong, 4.5-9 cm long and 3.5-7.5 cm wide, sharp tips, serrated edges, barbed hairs at the serrated tips, deep heart-shaped base, oblique leaflets at the base, sparse hairs at the top when young, and villous at the bottom after flowering. 4 ~ 6 flowers form a raceme, the inflorescence axis is hairless or occasionally hairy, and the pedicel is about1cm long; Bracts at base, ovate-lanceolate, membranous; Flowers are large, about 2 cm in diameter, yellow-white or milky white; Calyx 8 pieces, ovate-lanceolate, 2 rounds, outer 4 pieces small, different shapes, inner 4 pieces big, the same shape; Petals 4, suborbicular, with long spur; Stamens 4; Pistil 1, long style. Follicles are spindle-shaped and 2-lobed when mature. The flowering period is from April to May. The fruiting period is May-June.

Growing in shady Woods and bushes. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Gansu.

② Epimedium cardiophyllum

Perennial herb, 30 ~ 40 cm tall. The shape is similar to that of the above species, but the leaflets are oval or nearly round, 2.5 ~ 5 cm long and 2 ~ 4 cm wide, with wide and sharp apex, serrated edge, deep heart-shaped base, asymmetric lateral leaflets and small tips on the outside. Flowers in thyrses, pedicels with glandular hairs; Flowers are usually white. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is August.

Born in a wet ravine. Distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Guangxi, Hunan, Anhui and other places.

③ Epimedium sagittatum

Perennial herbs, 30 ~ 50 cm tall. Rhizome creeping is nodular. Rooting leaves are 1 ~ 3, with 3 compound leaves. Leaflets are ovoid to ovate-lanceolate, 4 ~ 9 cm long and 2.5 ~ 5 cm wide, sharp or acuminate, with prickly hairs on the edge, heart-shaped at the base, asymmetric lateral lobules, oblique and large lateral lobes, triangular, and small and nearly round inner lobes. Cauline leaves are usually opposite to the top, similar in shape to root leaves, with curved arrow-shaped hearts at the base, extra large side lobes and tapering at the top. Many flowers, clustered into racemes or panicles branched from the lower part. Flowers are small, only 6 ~ 8 mm in diameter, and petals are short or nearly without spacing. The flowering period is from February to March. The fruiting period is April-May.

Born under bamboo forests on hillsides or in crevices along roadsides. Distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

The rhizome (epimedium root) of the above plants is also used as medicine, which is described in detail in another article.

Epimedium is used in Yunnan. Its original plant is Epimedium hirsutum, with 3 leaflets or simple leaves, narrow leaves and hairy back. The raceme has 10 ~ 15 flowers, and the peduncle is hairless, which is twice as long as the inner calyx.

Harvest in summer and autumn, cut off stems and leaves, remove impurities and dry in the sun.

Medicinal materials ① Epimedium (also known as Epimedium macrophylla)

The stem is slender and cylindrical, hollow, 20 ~ 30 cm long, brown or yellow, with longitudinal edges and no hair. Leaves grow at the top of the stem. Most of them are one stem with three branches and one with three leaves. Leaf blade ovate, heart-shaped, apex pointed, base heart-shaped. The edge has spiny serrations, the upper part is yellow-green and smooth, the lower part is gray-green, and the midvein and veinlets are prominent. The leaves are as thin as paper and elastic. It smells like grass and tastes bitter.

② Epimedium microphylla (also known as Epimedium microphylla) leaves are round, heart-shaped and slightly pointed. Others are the same as Epimedium.

③ Epimedium sagittatum

Leaf blade arrow-shaped, oblong, leathery; The tip of the blade is gradually sharp like a thorn, and the leaf base is arrow-shaped. Others are the same as Epimedium.

The above herbs have fewer stems, more leaves, yellowish green color and are not fragile.

Shaanxi, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places.

The stems and leaves of Epimedium contain icariin, and the leaves also contain volatile oil, wax alcohol, decane, phytosterol, tannin and oil. Fatty acids in fatty oils include palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.

Pharmacological action ① Influence on sexual function

Epimedium has an aphrodisiac effect, which is due to excessive secretion of * * *, and after the seminal vesicle is filled, * * * feels nerves and is indirectly excited * * *; Epimedium produced in Japan or the fluid extract made from Epimedium can not show tail-lifting reaction to dogs, but can promote the secretion of * * *, and its leaves and roots have the strongest effect, followed by fruits and stems. By increasing the weight of prostate, seminal vesicle and levator ani (mice), it is proved that Epimedium extract has androgenic effect, which is weaker than Fructus Cnidii, but stronger than Haitang and hippocampus. Injecting 20 ~ 40 mg of its extract, its efficacy is equivalent to 7.5 micrograms of testosterone. The water decoction of Herba Epimedii was used in ovariectomized mice, which proved that it had no estrogenic effect, and had no effect on the mating rate of rats, ovulation cycle and urinary estrogen excretion of rabbits. The result of soaking in hot water and cold water is the same. The ethanol extract of Epimedium produced in Japan has no effect on the sexual cycle of normal and ovariectomized female mice, nor does it increase the weight of uterus and ovary.

② Influence on microorganism

Herba Epimedii decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on poliovirus in vitro, and other enteroviruses can be inactivated within 1 hour after contact with the virus. It has obvious bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus albus and Staphylococcus aureus, and slightly inhibitory effect on Streptococcus, Pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae. 1% concentration has bacteriostatic effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis.

③ antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects.

Among various preparations of Epimedium, the fresh extract C from the stem and leaf of Epimedium and compound II (Epimedium: Eucalyptus leaves: Datura flower = 8: 2: 1) have certain expectorant effect (phenol red method in mice), and the ethyl acetate extract is initially considered to have antitussive effect (cough method in mice caused by SO2), but its antiasthmatic effect on bronchial asthma in guinea pigs is not ideal.

④ Other functions

Epimedium extract has antihypertensive effect on rabbits. A small amount of it will increase urine secretion, but a large amount of it will inhibit urine secretion. It inhibits the isolated rabbit intestine, while the isolated uterus is excited first and then inhibited. Oral administration can reduce blood sugar in hyperglycemia rats. Epimedium contains vitamin E (chicken identification method).

The water decoction and alcohol extract of Epimedium sagittatum can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized rabbits, normal rats and renovascular hypertensive rats. Some people think that the hypotensive principle of Epimedium sagittatum is mainly due to the expansion of peripheral blood vessels, while others think that it is mainly due to the inhibition of vascular motor center. Erxian Mixture (Herba Epimedii, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Rhizoma Curculiginis, and Radix Morindae Officinalis) has hypotensive effect on acute experiments of anesthetized cats, dogs and hypertensive dogs, and has obvious hypotensive effect on nervous, renal and orchiectomized rats, but has no obvious hypotensive effect on adrenal scalded rats and ovariectomized rats. Through preliminary analysis, Cortex Phellodendri and Herba Epimedii are the main antihypertensive components in Erxian mixture.

The poisonous epimedium produced in Japan can dilate the frog's pupil, increase the voluntary movement of mice, cause hyperreflexia, often have mild convulsions, die after breathing stops, and the heart continues to beat for a certain time after breathing stops.

Processing of Epimedium: removing impurities, removing stems, shredding and sieving impurities. Roasting Herba Epimedii: firstly, put the sheep fat sleeve into a pot to melt and remove the residue, then add Herba Epimedii and fry until the sheep fat oil is basically absorbed, take it out and let it cool. (Epimedium 100 kg, refined sheep oil 25 kg)

Sweet and moist in nature.

① Don't record: "Non-toxic."

② Theory of medicinal properties: "Sweet and flat."

③ Shu Herbal Medicine: "Wen."

④ Southern Yunnan herbs: "Slightly warm in nature and slightly pungent in taste."

Meridian tropism enters liver and kidney meridians.

① southern Yunnan materia medica: "into the liver and kidney."

(2) Outline: "Hand and foot are Yangming, Sanjiao and Mingmen."

(3) Shu Shu in Materia Medica: "It begins with Jueyin, and the deficiency of Yin leads to Jueyin."

The main functions are tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, expelling wind and removing dampness. Treat impotence, dysuria, muscle spasm, hemiplegia, soreness of waist and knees, rheumatism numbness, and numbness of limbs.

(1) "Ben Jing": "The main yin is flaccid and the stem is injured. Facilitate urination, benefit qi, and be ambitious. "

2 "Do not record": "Strong bones and muscles. Eliminate carbuncle and red carbuncle; There is a sore on the lower part, and it will be there as soon as it is washed. "

3 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat all kinds of cold and fatigue, make up the waist and knees, and strengthen the heart. The husband can't afford yang, the woman can't afford yin, the muscles and bones are cramped, the limbs are useless, and the elderly are dizzy and forgetful in middle age. "

④ Medical introduction: "Tonifying kidney and strengthening yang." Cure wind, paralysis of hands and feet, and heartless skin of limbs. "

Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 3 yuan; Soak in wine, boil ointment or take medicine, and disperse. External use: decoct and wash.

Should avoid yin deficiency and easy to get angry.

(1) Notes on Materia Medica: "Dioscorea is used for it."

(2) "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "The son is doing it. There is good wine. "

(3) The Classic of Materia Medica: "Yang deficiency is easy, and wet dream is not only red and dry, but also strong yang is avoided."

Scheme 1: Treating wind, hand and foot paralysis and heartless skin: Herba Epimedii 1 kg, fine file, packed in raw silk bags, soaked in two barrels of ashless wine in non-Tianjin containers, heavily sealed with thick paper, not ventilated, spring, summer, autumn and winter. Drinking casually every day will often make you drunk instead of drunk. (Sheng Huifang)

(2) Curing wind and relieving pain, the network is uncertain: one or two fairy cards, one or two clematis, one or two heroes, one or two laurel trees, one or two scorpions. Apply the medicine and grind it into powder. Every time you take it, regardless of the time, adjust the money with warm wine. (Sheng Huifang Xianlingpi Powder)

③ Treatment of blurred vision: Epimedium, Pumpkin (namely Fructus Trichosanthis), etc. In the end, for every money you take, you can take two clothes a day after tea. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu")

4 Treatment of toothache: Herba Epimedii, no matter how much, is thick, and soup is used to wash teeth. (quaint powder, a magical prescription)

Clinical application ① Treatment of polio

Take the same amount of Epimedium and Taxilli, and make an injection containing 65438 0 g of crude drugs per 2ml. In the acute stage, intramuscular injection is the main method, combined with acupoint injection. Intramuscular injection of 2 ml each time, twice a day, for 20 days. In the recovery period and sequela period, acupoint injection is the main method combined with intramuscular injection. Acupoint injection according to the routine selection, each point was injected with 1 ~ 2 ml, 1 time, every other day for 20 days, and the treatment continued after half a month's rest. 246 cases of poliomyelitis in different stages were treated, including 34 cases in acute stage, 8 cases cured, basically cured 16 cases, 7 cases markedly effective, 2 cases effective and 6 cases ineffective 16 cases. Among 43 convalescent patients, 2 cases were cured, 5 cases were effective, 5 cases were improved and 2 cases were ineffective. In the sequela stage 169 cases, 9 cases were cured and basically cured, 29 cases were markedly effective and effective1case, and 3 cases were ineffective. According to observation, this product has remarkable curative effect on cases in acute phase and just entering recovery period, and it recovers quickly. It also has a certain effect on sequelae. After taking the medicine, the affected limb generally feels fever and weakness. Under effective conditions, the muscles gradually recover and the affected limbs become thicker. One of them has a better curative effect on lower limb paralysis, while the upper limb paralysis and the elderly have a worse curative effect. There are no other side effects except dry mouth after taking the medicine.

② Treatment of neurasthenia.

First, 3% Yinyanglei decoction is used to infiltrate into the body, once a day, 1 time, 10 ~ 20 times as a course of treatment. A few patients take sedatives alone. Observed 104 cases, 22 cases were cured, 2 cases were markedly effective, 46 cases were improved, and 5 cases were ineffective/kloc-0. The curative effect of the elderly is better; The sooner the symptoms begin to improve after treatment, the better the curative effect. However, if the condition is still not improved after 15 times of treatment, even if the treatment continues, the curative effect will not be significant and consolidated. A few cases may have mild reactions or temporarily aggravated symptoms at the initial stage of treatment, but they will soon disappear after continuous treatment. 2. Take 5 ml of 20% Herba Epimedii tincture three times a day before meals for 2 ~ 3 months. 50 cases were treated, and about 80% of the patients' symptoms were eliminated or alleviated after treatment. No adverse reactions were observed during taking the medicine, but it is not suitable for patients with overt excitement or hyperactivity disorder and hypertension.

③ Treating chronic tracheitis.

More than 65,438 0,000 cases were treated with single epimedium pill, with an effective rate of 74.6% in one course of treatment and 22.65438 0% in the near future. If combined with the compound treatment of dwarf tea, the curative effect will be improved. Practice has proved that the curative effect of simple type is better than that of wheezing type, and the curative effect of elderly type is poor, but the duration of the disease has no obvious relationship with the curative effect; The expectorant and antitussive effect is good, but the antiasthmatic effect is poor; After two courses of treatment, the short-term control and effective rate are significantly improved compared with one course of treatment. During the observation period, 1 10 patients were followed up for a course of treatment. The results showed that the effective rate was 59. 1% after half a year, which was 26. 1% lower than the original curative effect. Preparation and usage: Take the stem and leaf (dry product) of Epimedium, decoct 80% of the total amount to get thick juice, and grind 20% to get pills. The daily dose is equivalent to 1, which is taken twice. During the treatment, the observed doses of some cases were equivalent to 5 yuan and 1.5 respectively. The results show that the curative effect is basically similar to that of 1. After taking the medicine, some cases have slight reactions, mostly dry mouth and nausea, followed by abdominal distension and dizziness, which can generally disappear by themselves.

Famous experts discuss ① "Outline": "Epimedium is warm and cold in nature, which can benefit essence and qi, and is suitable for those with deficiency of true yang."

(2) The Classic of Materia Medica: "Epimedium is warm and nontoxic. Those cold ones in the classics are also wrong. Nourish kidney and warm Yiyang qi, so treat yin flaccidity, eliminate yang, benefit qi and strengthen ambition. Stem pain is also due to liver and kidney deficiency, which can tonify the two meridians and relieve pain. Bladder. State officials, body fluid storage, gasification can be carried out. Nourish its dryness, warm Yiyang qi, help it transform, so it is beneficial to urinate. The liver is the main reinforcement and the kidney is the main bone. Benefiting kidney and liver, strengthening bones and muscles. " Xin can disperse the knot, gan can slow down the middle energizer, and Wen can dredge collaterals and promote blood circulation, so it causes sores on the lower part of the red carbuncle and rushes to take the worm. "

(3) Materia Medica: "Fairy spleen, the first classic, is responsible for impotence of yin, and" Rihuazi "is also the first to treat yin loss in men and women, which means that those who enter the life gate will make up the true yang. Gaimingmen is the true yang in the kidney, which is the vitality of the human body. Its so-called absolute yang and absolute yin are not primitive vitality, so why boo it? The so-called invigorating qi, ambition, treating wind-cold fatigue, muscle contracture and other diseases are all principles that help vitality. If the stem is painful and urination is unfavorable, it is caused by qi deficiency of liver and kidney. This flavor helps the kidney to strengthen the yang, that is, tonifying kidney and benefiting qi, and treating liver and kidney together. When people reach middle age, they are dizzy and forgetful, all of which are due to the decline of yuan yang and cannot rise. Therefore, if you think about your merits, you can know your merits. " It should be noted that the taste drops to rise, and its rise is due to its ability to fall. "

④ "Materia Medica Justice": "Epimedium, warm in nature, specializes in strengthening kidney yang, so the treatment of yin impotence means that the injury is absolutely fatal. Styloid process pain is also kidney deficiency and cold. Those who are good at urinating refer to the elderly and those who are deficient in cold, and those who leak urine, as they say, are subsidies for kidney yang, and urination is self-serving, comparable to those who are not damp and hot, and the waterways are red and astringent. Be careful not to misunderstand when reading. Invigorating qi, strengthening ambition and strengthening bones and muscles are all functions of tonifying yang, but those with deficiency and cold are suitable, while those with incomplete * *, those with weak true yang, must not be encouraged by seedlings. Besides scrofula and red carbuncle, Gai can help digestion and coagulation, because it can warm qi and blood. However, due to the deficiency of yin and blood, liver and yang burn up and body fluid stagnates. Fortunately, we should not misread ancient books, but help them burn. Washing the lower part of the sore can remove damp heat, and washing the sore with Fructus Cnidii is better to kill insects. The husband of "Japanese China" is definitely Yang, and the woman is definitely Yin. It's all cold wind and fatigue, cramps in muscles and bones, and ruthlessness in limbs. If it is supplemented with waist and knees, it will not only benefit the kidney and strengthen the yang. It can also clear channels and activate collaterals, and dispel wind-cold-dampness arthralgia. However, "Japanese China" is also said to cure middle-aged drowsiness and forgetfulness of the elderly, which is too much. Moreover, Jing Yue also said that men's yang declines and women's yin declines are more serious than children's, so they should all be taken. However, there are many disadvantages and it is not the right way to be partial to warming up. Shi stubborn refers to blindly drinking qi and strengthening the spleen, which requires medicine as the wind. There are two reasons for failure: one is the deficiency of both qi and blood, which can not nourish meridians, or the arthralgia due to wind-cold, dampness and heat. The so-called joint pain of the ancients is also true, and its arrival is also slow; One is the syndrome of qi and blood rushing up, disturbing the cranial nerves and suddenly losing movement. The so-called stroke today is the so-called brain meridian disease in western medicine, and its disease is also violent. Xianling Jianpi Liquor can only cure the deficiency of wind, cold and dampness, but not the deficiency of both qi and blood, and the blood rushing to the brain is not smooth, so it must not be misused. "

Remind you: Epimedium, a Chinese herbal medicine, comes from the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before use.