1 preface
Green building refers to a building that saves resources (energy, land, water and materials) to the maximum extent, protects the environment and reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space, and lives in harmony with nature. Therefore, it has become an inevitable trend to integrate the concept of sustainable development into the whole life cycle of buildings, that is, to develop green buildings. On August 20 10, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Evaluation Guide for Green Industrial Buildings", which marked the further extension of green buildings in China from civil buildings to industrial buildings.
2 green energy-saving industrial building design
Industrial civilization is a great power and source to promote the rapid development of society. As a building type that directly serves industrial production, industrial buildings have made important contributions to promoting the development of industrial production. The essence of modernist architectural thought is to express the value orientation of industrialization with architectural vocabulary. Undeniably, industrial buildings are often places that produce noise, air pollution and water pollution. Conversely, environmental pollution not only seriously shortens the service life of industrial buildings, but also poses a threat to human physical and mental health. At present, under the background of sustainable development, the concept of green building should also be introduced into the field of industrial architecture, and attention should be paid to and improved in design to reflect green environmental protection.
2? Building the overall image of 1 green industrial building
With the development and progress of science and technology, modern industrial buildings are getting bigger and bigger. The scale of industrial workshops is often hundreds of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of square meters, which not only brings convenience to production, but also needs the support of more modern technologies. There are many functional contradictions in this large space, and a wide variety of equipment, conveyor belts and various power pipes put forward complex requirements for the building. At the same time, huge modern industrial buildings also mean the impact on the environment. The sound, light, heat and various emissions produced by production activities and even industrial buildings themselves have a great impact on the local environment. In order to reduce the adverse impact on the environment and create the overall image of green industrial buildings, we should respect and protect nature, effectively use water and various natural resources, and minimize the consumption of energy and resources; Try to keep the ecological balance of the environment around the building, comprehensively consider the regional environment where the building is located, and adjust measures to local conditions. Therefore, the overall image of green industrial buildings should be shaped from two aspects: focusing on site selection and optimizing layout structure.
2? 1? 1 Focus on site selection
The location of green industrial buildings should be chosen in a reasonable position to reduce the damage to the environment, ensure the continuity and integrity of the basic functions of the urban natural ecosystem, ensure the safety and health of the city, and ensure ecological security. In addition to the usual building site selection factors, we should also pay attention to the following principles: 1) Avoid choosing ecologically sensitive areas, such as forests, water bodies and nature reserves; 2) Protect the ecological system of the site, preserve and utilize the topography, landform, vegetation and natural water system, maintain the continuity of history, culture and landscape, maintain the ecological integrity and biodiversity of the site, and control all kinds of pollution discharge that may occur; 3) Pay attention to reduce soil erosion, prevent natural disasters caused by construction, increase green area and reduce heat island effect.
2? 1? 2 Optimize the layout structure
To optimize the layout structure, we should emphasize the overall concept and obtain a good living environment through the treatment of the structure itself. In the general plan energy-saving design of industrial buildings, the overall layout, workshop layout and indoor environmental conditions should be comprehensively considered and optimized, so that the scheme can not only meet the production process requirements, but also save energy and land. In the stage of general layout planning, not only the reasonable design layout should be considered to avoid the intersection of people flow and logistics; We should also consider how to make maximum use of natural resources such as solar energy and wind energy in combination with the environment; The layout of power workshop and public and auxiliary facilities is close to the load center, making the pipeline short and flexible, reducing the loss of lines and pipelines and energy consumption; At the same time, we will strive to build garden-style industrial buildings and introduce greening into industrial buildings. On the one hand, it is to save energy, on the other hand, it is also to pursue a life close to nature and create a cordial and comfortable labor and production environment for producers.
2? 2. Energy-saving design of green industrial buildings
2? 2? 1 Reduce building energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.
According to a survey, the proportion of industrial buildings and civil buildings in the investment of construction projects completed in China in recent years is about 53%: 47%. Therefore, it is more and more urgent to improve the energy-saving consciousness of industrial building design, reduce the energy consumption of industrial buildings and explore effective methods for energy saving of industrial buildings.
Compared with civil buildings, industrial buildings are huge, and the thermal performance of the outer envelope of industrial buildings is usually lower than that of civil buildings under the condition of tight capital investment. In fact, this "saving" measure wastes a lot of valuable non-renewable resources in the future service life. Although the one-time investment is saved, the annual energy consumption is increased, which is uneconomical.
The direct contact between the building envelope and the outside world is the main way of indoor heat loss. In the heat transfer and heat consumption of building envelope, the roof accounts for about 7%~8%, the external wall accounts for about 23%~34%, and the doors and windows account for about 23%~25%. Therefore, architects need to integrate the concept of energy saving into the design of building plane and facade, so as to organically combine the number, location, size, thickness of external wall and facade modeling of doors and windows, and reduce energy consumption while meeting the external environmental requirements of production technology. In the design of envelope structure, high-efficiency thermal insulation external wall and roof system are adopted to reduce its heat consumption. The progress of modern technology provides a variety of solutions for the lightweight, high-strength and efficient composite thermal insulation and enclosure system. Secondly, the weak parts of the envelope structure, such as doors, windows, holes, etc., can effectively improve the thermal insulation performance of building doors and windows by selecting efficient doors and windows, curtain wall systems, high-performance glass, and setting door buckets and hot air curtains. In the design, efforts are made to improve the thermal stability of indoor environment, and various technical means are comprehensively used to effectively solve the passive heat dissipation and heat absorption problems of buildings, reduce the dependence on equipment and reduce building energy consumption.
At present, the popular environmental protection building materials and products on the market mainly include: new wall materials, new waterproof and sealing materials, new thermal insulation materials, decorative materials and new inorganic non-metallic materials. According to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, a healthy house should be able to keep the occupants in a completely good state physically, mentally and socially. The most important specific goal to be achieved is to try not to use toxic and harmful building decoration materials, such as paints containing high volatile organic compounds; Plywood, fiberboard and adhesive containing allergic chemicals such as high formaldehyde; Highly radioactive granite, marble, ceramic tile and coal gangue brick; Asbestos fiber cement products containing fine asbestos fiber. Therefore, environmental protection building materials should be carefully selected and correctly used to minimize the adverse effects of building materials on the environment and human health. Avoid using materials that produce radioactive pollution. Building products such as solvent-based coatings, chemical fiber blankets and composite boards may release volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as formaldehyde in the air. These chemicals not only affect the health of construction workers and users, but also increase environmental dust and organic pollution. In fact, the design concept of environmentally friendly building materials itself embodies the concept of green environmental protection.
Application Status of Energy-saving and Environmental Protection Materials in China For a long time, people in China have become accustomed to posing as citizens of a country with vast territory and abundant resources. From the massive export of disposable chopsticks to the development of thousands of illegal small coal mines, how to make more China entrepreneurs establish energy-saving awareness and more citizens establish energy-saving and environmental protection awareness has become an urgent problem to be solved. As far as Shanghai's domestic economy is developing rapidly, the real energy-saving and environment-friendly buildings in Shanghai in 2003 are still rare. Most people are used to the Leng Xia fever in winter, and they don't have many clear concepts about green energy-saving buildings. Nowadays, with the strong support and promotion of the government, there are more and more energy-saving and environment-friendly buildings in Shanghai. Some new projects, such as World Expo Park, Oasis Segway Garden Hotel, Zhangjiang Kewen Exchange Center, Pujiang Zhigu Investment Service Building, Anting New City, Qingpu Villa, Chongming Dongtan Ecological Farm, Jinshan Industrial Park and another Chongming Ecological Farm, as well as the renovation project of old houses in Putuo District, will achieve 75% energy saving compared with ordinary buildings in Shanghai. Therefore, under this background, it is of great significance for the sustainable development of China to integrate the concept of green and environmental protection into the architectural structure of China.
Summary: To sum up, green environmental protection and energy-saving technology can not only save energy and protect the environment, but also play an important role in meeting the aesthetic needs of residents for architectural functions. In the actual building structure, appropriate green environmental protection and energy-saving technologies should be selected, which can be naturalized, artificially modified or a combination of the two. In short, our ultimate goal is to maximize social and economic benefits with minimum environmental investment.
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