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The connotation of the Columbian Exchange and its impact on Europe

The Columbian Exchange was a sudden exchange of organisms, crops, human races (including black slaves), culture, infectious diseases, and even ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. It is one of the most important events in human history. An important event across races. Columbus's first voyage to the American continent in 1492 was the beginning of a century-long large-scale voyage and the beginning of the connection between the Old World and the New World, triggering various ecological changes. And the historian Ai Fury. Crosby first proposed this concept in his 1972 book "The Columbian Exchange."

The Columbian Exchange had a huge impact on every society on the planet, and Europeans also brought New diseases. The native Americans did not have antibodies, so many people died and a lot of culture was lost. Before the arrival of Columbus, the population of the Americas was unknown, but it is estimated that this disaster killed at least 50-90 people. , it is estimated that about 15-16.5 million people died at that time.

But from another point of view, this contact brought an increase in population and a variety of new corn varieties and livestock to both hemispheres. In After the explorers at that time brought them back to Eurasia, corn, potatoes and tomatoes became important crops at that time. Similarly, Europeans introduced peanuts and cassava to South Asia and West Africa, causing the local areas to flourish and a large number of people to travel there. Settlement on land.

This species exchange changed the lifestyles of Europeans, Americans, Africans and Asians. A large number of imported foods became human staples and were used to grow more crops. Develop new planting areas.

Before 1000 AD, potatoes had not been cultivated outside South America, but the Great Famine in Ireland in the 1840s was caused by the failure of the potato harvest. In addition, since Portuguese traders In the 16th century, corn and cassava were introduced from the Americas to Africa, replacing the original crops and becoming the most important staple crops on the African continent. In Asia, sweet potatoes and corn were also introduced by Spanish colonial rulers in the 16th century, making food abundant and stimulating population growth in Asia.

Horses, one of the first species introduced to the Americas by Europe, turned the Native American tribes in the Great Plains into nomadic peoples who used horses to hunt American bison. Similarly, tomatoes from the Americas became tomatoes in Italy. The raw material of sauce and became a trademark.