Instantaneous memory, also known as "sensory memory", is a kind of memory system, which is a short-term memory caused by stimuli acting on sensory organs. Usually refers to 1 second or so, that is, the time when you just feel the noticed information, and the instantaneous memory time is very short. A lot of noticed information is easy to disappear, and what can be remembered enters short-term memory.

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short-term memory

Short-term memory is a kind of memory. Compared with long-term memory, short-term memory has shorter storage time and limited storage capacity.

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long term memory

Long-term memory is a memory that can last for several days to several years. It is different from working memory and short-term memory, which can only last for a few seconds to several hours. Biologically speaking, short-term memory is a temporary strengthening of neural connections, which can be transformed into long-term memory after consolidation. In addition, short-term memory is mainly composed of phonetic codes, and long-term memory is mainly composed of Italian codes.

20 17 A paper published in the top journal Science found that long-term memory and short-term memory are formed at the same time, but once long-term memory is formed, it will fall into silence.

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Inborn

Innate is a Chinese word, also called "born", which corresponds to "acquired". It means that it exists from birth, what it has, and what it doesn't have is acquired. Refers to the embryo and gestation period before the birth of human or animal, and also refers to the universe itself and the origin of all things.

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the day after tomorrow

Acquired, as opposed to "congenital", is not born, but is caused by acquired learning, not congenital, and also refers to the adult period when a person or animal is born.

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visual cliff

Walker and Gibson once did an experiment to study the depth vision of infants-the visual cliff experiment, which was later called one of the classic experiments of developmental psychology.

The researchers made a flat chessboard pattern, constructed with different patterns, creating the illusion of "visual cliff" and covering the pattern with a glass plate. Putting a 2-3-month-old baby's stomach down on one side of the visual cliff shows that the baby's heartbeat will slow down, indicating that they have experienced the depth of the object. When a 6-month-old baby was placed on a glass plate and its mother greeted the baby on the other side, she found that the baby would not hesitate to climb the side without the illusion of depth, but would not climb the side that looked like a cliff, even if the mother screamed at the opposite side. This seems to indicate that babies have acquired depth perception, but it is still inconclusive whether this depth perception is innate or acquired within a few months after birth.

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absorb

Assimilation is a concept that Piaget transplanted from biology to psychology and epistemology. Assimilation refers to the transformation of the obtained information, even if it conforms to the existing cognitive style, although this transformation may distort the information to some extent.

Assimilation and adaptation are Piaget's concepts transplanted from biology to psychology and epistemology. Piaget pointed out: "This definition also applies to intelligence itself. In fact, intelligence is its assimilation, and all its empirical materials are included in its own scope. ..... There is an assimilation factor in intellectual adaptation, that is, an assimilation of external reality, which is incorporated into some form created by the main activity. " "Psychological activities are also an adaptation to the surrounding environment. ..... Like other adaptations, intellectual adaptation is a gradual balance between assimilation mechanism and compensatory adaptation. "

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unflinching

Constancy, constancy of perception, that is, in the process of perception, people's perceptual characteristics of things themselves remain relatively unchanged due to changes in distance, illumination and miniature ratio. For example, the trademarks of beverage companies will appear on the packaging of goods, and may also appear in TV advertisements, promotional items in shopping malls, balloons at trade fairs, and transportation vehicles of enterprises. Even if the shapes, sizes and even colors of trademarks are different, people will still regard them as trademarks of the same enterprise.

The invariability of perception greatly expands the space of commercial design and produces more abundant design methods. For example, in order to unify the corporate image, we advocate the idea of CI design, that is, the trademark and image design of the enterprise are required to remain unchanged, and at the same time, in order to enrich the image of CI design, the shape or size of each logo can be changed to some extent to avoid monotonous repetition and rigidity in commercial design.

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Psychological motivation

Psychological motivation is a concept of psychoanalysis, which refers to the internal driving force of all human psychological activities. Freud's psychoanalysis holds that the sexual instinct existing in the unconscious is the basic motive force of human psychology and the eternal force to control personal destiny and determine social development.

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subconsciousness

Subconscious is a psychological term and a psychological language. Human instinct is the subconscious of the brain. It refers to the part of people's psychological activities that is not perceived, and it is a psychological activity process that has happened but has not reached the state of consciousness. Freud divided the subconscious into two parts: pre-consciousness and unconsciousness, some of which were translated into pre-consciousness and unconsciousness.

We can't realize the subconscious, but the way it affects the conscious experience is the most basic-how we look at ourselves and others, how we look at the significance of daily activities in our lives, our ability to make quick judgments and decisions about life and death, and the actions we take in our instinctive experience. The work done by the subconscious mind is an indispensable part of human survival and evolution. Including primitive instinct, impulse, psychological imprint of childhood, environmental influence, concept, habit, personality and a series of factors.

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feel

In psychology, feeling is a reflection of the individual attributes of objective things that directly act on sensory organs. People's cognitive activities on all kinds of things begin with feelings, and feelings are the most elementary cognitive activities. At the same time, feeling is the basis of complex cognitive activities such as perception, memory, thinking and all human psychological phenomena, and it is the simplest and most basic psychological activity.

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consciousness

Perception is a series of processes to organize and explain the sensory information produced by external objects and events. In other words, perception is the understanding of things as a whole produced in the mind by objective things directly acting on the senses.

Perception has several characteristics: wholeness, constancy, significance and selectivity.