Note:
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given data
1. The data show that the investment intensity of agricultural scientific research in China (that is, the proportion of agricultural scientific research investment in agricultural GDP) is .77%, while that of the whole country is 1.7% in the same period. The international average level of agricultural scientific research investment intensity is 1%, and that of developed countries is generally 3%~5%. According to the survey, the stable support funds for the national agricultural research institutes in China are only 2%~3%. Due to poor research conditions and low pay, in recent years, the outflow rate of scientific researchers in some agricultural academies is about 3%~5% of the total number of employees, and most of them are scientific research backbones and technical reserve forces above associate researchers. At present, there are more than 7, agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China every year, but only about 4% of them are transformed into real productive forces, and the transformation rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in some developed countries abroad can reach more than 8%. The division of labor among national ministries, scientific research units and project implementation organizations is not clear, and there are often repeated courses and inefficient use of funds. Due to the long period of agricultural scientific research, the existing scientific research management system is difficult to ensure the continuity of agricultural scientific research projects.
since the opening of domestic seed market, multinational seed companies have come to China to carry out seed business. Foreign-funded enterprises such as M Company and X Company in the United States take advantage of the opportunity of cooperation with Chinese universities and research institutes, relying on their agricultural research and development technology and strong innovation ability. Screen and improve the seeds, and quickly occupy the seed market in China. For example, the corn variety "Xianyu 335" of American X Company has occupied a large market share in Jilin in four years. The R&D investment of foreign multinational seed companies generally accounts for about 1% of the sales revenue, and some of them are as high as 15%~2%. On the other hand, in China, the number of domestic seed enterprises with R&D innovation capability is less than 1.5% of the total, and the R&D investment of most enterprises accounts for 1% of their sales, while some enterprises still cannot reach this figure.
during the planned economy period, China once established a relatively complete agricultural technology popularization system, which played a great role in the rapid popularization of agricultural technology from scientific research units to agricultural administrative departments at all levels to counties, townships and villages. It turns out that various institutions in towns and villages are very sound, commonly known as "seven stations and eight stations", including veterinary stations and agricultural technology stations. After the opening of the agricultural means of production market in 1992, these stations were gradually cancelled. Li, an agricultural technology expert, told reporters, "The small-scale peasant economy cultivated by one household is the basic national condition of China's agriculture. It is necessary to rely on a large number of agricultural technicians to guide farmers to intensively cultivate and improve the output and quality of agriculture. However, the current situation of grassroots agricultural technology promotion is not optimistic. "
"Agricultural technology stations are generally' three noes', so it is difficult to promote agricultural technology!" On the country road in Longxian Town, wengyuan county, the stationmaster of the town agricultural technology station who had just finished giving technical guidance to farmers simply stopped his motorcycle and talked with reporters in detail. "There are four people standing there, but there is not even an office. We can only go to the town government to rub other people's desks. Usually, there is no car to go to the countryside to promote agricultural technology, so we can only buy motorcycles at our own expense and go to the village. Don't even think about the so-called experimental demonstration bases and instruments and equipment. Although the grass-roots agricultural extension workers have achieved a fixed quota and guaranteed income, they are in a dilemma of "having money to raise soldiers and having no money to fight". The annual working expenses of agricultural extension stations in our county are only 5, yuan, which is basically negligible when distributed to so many towns and villages. Usually, you have to pay for agricultural technology promotion. If farmers had no feelings, many people would have been lazy. "
2. The agricultural outlook 213-222 jointly published by FAO and OECD in early June this year pointed out: "Under the constraints of rapid economic growth and limited resources, China's food supply is an arduous task." Relying on the global agricultural market is one way, but to meet the annual food demand of more than 6 million tons, China must maintain the self-sufficiency rate of major food crops. China people's rice bags must be in their own hands. In April 213, Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture of China, said at the "Food Security" Roundtable of the Boao Forum for Asia: "The main agricultural products in China are in sufficient supply and the prices are generally stable. The self-sufficiency rate of rice, corn and wheat is 98.1%. It should be said that the rice bowls of 1.3 billion China people are still firmly in their own hands."
from 1978 to 212, China's grain output increased by 93%. In the past nine years, the curve of grain production has been rising all the time. If there are no accidents, there will be a miracle of "ten consecutive increases" this year. However, even in the year of bumper harvest and the best period of food security, a social science expert reminded with anxiety: "The task of agriculture in the future will still be very difficult. On the one hand, agriculture is growing, on the other hand, the growth of supply cannot keep up with the growth of consumption. " According to China Land and Resources, from 23 to 211, grain production increased by 33%. In the same period, consumption increased by 41%, and the growth rate of consumption was 1.24 times that of production.
Food is the most important thing for people. The price of agricultural products is related to everyone's life, and agriculture has a decisive influence on price stability. The weight of food composition in China's consumer price index (CPI) has always been high, and the impact of food prices on the whole price is 6%-8%. If the price of agricultural products rises out of control, it will lead to the price increase of industrial products, and a series of price transmission effects, such as the increase of transportation costs, will make national consumption into a state of turmoil.
3. "The land is out of control!" A famous hybrid rice research expert said, "In recent years, the central government has adopted the strictest and strictest policies to protect the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land. However, when it comes to the county level and then to the township and village level, the situation is not so optimistic. Most of these places engage in urbanization and industrialization according to the needs of local economic development. The most difficult thing to control is the village level, especially in the economically developed Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. " Nowadays, from southern Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, all the highways have passed, and there is no contiguous farmland of more than 1, mu. Ten years ago, it was still a contiguous farmland of 1, mu. Now, fertile land has become a house. The expert also said frankly: "We only have a profit of 7 yuan for planting rice, 8, yuan for planting vegetables and fruits, 8, yuan for planting flowers, and millions for industry."
"No matter how fast the GDP grows, no matter how much investment is introduced, if the people's food is a problem, then everyone will definitely be unhappy." A member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference said. But China, a vast agricultural country, now more and more farmers have left the land that nourishes them. When did farming on the land become a tasteless and regrettable business?
19 years ago, American scholar Brown put forward a proposition that once caused a sensation in the world. Who will feed China? Today, this proposition still warns us all the time that the country is unstable without food. If farmers have no enthusiasm for production, they would rather work in cities far from their hometown than farm, feed pigs and raise chickens in their hometown, then our agriculture will be unstable, agriculture will be unstable and everything else will be unstable. Experts pointed out: "If the basic rations are less than 1%, social unrest may occur;" If there is a shortage of 3%, it will be safe. "
4. It is reported that nearly 3 million mu of land is abandoned in China every year. Moreover, the phenomenon of land abandonment is spreading. During the National "Two Sessions" this year, some delegates discussed the related issues as follows:
Wu County, the head of Guangxi, said: "In a remote mountainous county like ours, the rural labor force is not enough now. There are more than 38, people in the county, but there are more than 1, migrant workers. Now, every spring tea picking season, Migrant workers can only be brought in from neighboring counties in Guizhou and Hunan to help pick tea, especially the young people born in 198s and 199s, who are getting farther and farther away from the land and can't even farm at all!
secretary Wang of a village in Hebei province said: "in many places, in the fields, agricultural production is undertaken by a' miscellaneous army' composed of women, children and the elderly. How can these miscellaneous brands be compared with the strong labor force? How much land can they plant? If you have 2 mu of land at home, you can plant 5 mu of land! "
Zhang, another NPC deputy, said: "I found in my investigation that the rural students' willingness to return to their hometowns is extremely low. On the one hand, parents let their children go to college at the beginning, just for their children not to work as hard as themselves; On the other hand, many rural students have watched their parents come and go in the wind and rain since childhood, their clothes are dirty all day, and sometimes they are looked at differently when they go out. They would rather earn less outside than go back to their hometowns to farm. According to farmers, people who farm at home can't even find a daughter-in-law, and only those who have no skills will go home to farm. After all, others still look down on the rural people, so that we all look down on ourselves! "
a daibiao in Anhui said, "I went to several remote counties last year, and I saw a lot of abandoned farmland along the way. A farmer friend calculated the account for me; This season, only wheat and rape can be planted, with a yield of 1, Jin per mu. At present, the purchase price is 1,9 yuan per ton. After five months' hard work, the net income of planting five mu of wheat is 2, yuan. Now the city is' labor shortage', and no special skills are needed. It is not a big' dream' to find a construction job with a monthly income of 2, yuan. It is easy to earn 1, yuan in five months. If there is no' money' and the loess is facing the sky, who else is farming? "
A farmer's representative in Chongqing said: "Our village has about 4 mu of cultivated land, and about 1 mu of abandoned land. Among the abandoned land, 6% is sloping barren land, remote and sporadic, and the output is very low. Originally, there is an agricultural technology station in the township, which can tell us some scientific knowledge and provide technical services, which can improve a lot of crops! But now, 8% of township agricultural technicians have switched to business activities, and the activities of agricultural science and technology going to the countryside organized by the province and the city have not played much role. We have encountered some new problems when farming, and we don't understand them. No one has given us services, so it will gradually be abandoned! "
5. Although the household contract responsibility system can mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for production, the average per capita is only one acre. No matter how intensively contracted management rights are transferred in an orderly manner ... land transfer must not be forced to ensure that farmers' rights and interests are not harmed, land use is not changed, and comprehensive agricultural production capacity is not destroyed.
in July, 211, villagers and village collectives in Taiping Village, Qiling Street, Z City signed a land transfer agreement, and 1,611.9 mu of cultivated land was transferred to the village collectives, which was handed over to villagers Wang Yong for cultivation. According to the agreement, everyone can get 8 kilograms of wheat if the transferred land is planted uniformly, and if there is profit, they can participate in dividends. Wang Yong planted the land of a village by himself, but when he talked about the experience of growing grain, he was full of bitterness and excitement. The allocation scheme of land circulation has not been unanimously recognized by the villagers. Farmers with more people and less land expressed support, but some farmers with less people and more land did not agree. According to rough statistics, Wang Yong has invested four or five million yuan in farming in the past two years. "The land is planted by ourselves, but the land contracting right belongs to others. With so much money invested in farming, it is impossible to mortgage the bank and get a penny loan from the bank." In a storm in 212, the wheat in the village fell, causing Wang Yong to lose hundreds of thousands of yuan, but the insurance company finally only compensated 2, yuan. Wang Yong said frankly that at present, farmers who grow grain can get financial support, including direct subsidies of 125 yuan per mu of grain and subsidies from large grain growers in 23 yuan. If the weather is favorable, it should be profitable to grow grain on land, but it will take more than 1 years to recover the initial investment of drilling wells, repairing canals and buying agricultural machinery. Moreover, despite the signing of the transfer agreement, large grain growers may still face risks such as land acquisition by the government and villagers breaking the contract.
in w county, Henan province, everyone knows the professional cooperative of Hanxiang ecological agriculture. In September, 26, 32 farmers in Maxuanzhai village of this county initiated the establishment of green rice professional cooperative. Nowadays, the cooperative has its own green rice trademark, with a registered capital of 1 million yuan and 226 members. The area of circulating land has also grown from more than 1,7 mu to more than 6, mu covering surrounding counties and cities. Recently, the reporter came to Maxuanzhai Village to find out. Sun, a villager interviewed, said: "In the past, ethnic rice in the village were all alone, but now they have basically joined the cooperative, which is much better than before. When planting, planting, managing, collecting and selling, you don't have to worry about it as before. Everyone can work with the cooperative. "
Y township is surrounded by green hills, and the green water is always flowing. However, agricultural production is backward and it is difficult for farmers to increase their income. As a pilot project for industrial and commercial enterprises to lease agricultural land, since 28, H Group, a central enterprise, has joined hands with the local government to set up a professional cooperative. In 211, the cooperative invested 5 mu of land management right, and jointly established Hope Farm with Wufeng Agricultural Development Company under H Group. After land transfer, farmers are not only landowners, but also cooperative shareholders, and can also become employees of Hope Farm. Someone calculated an account: "At present, farmers' income consists of three parts, namely, land rent, shareholders' dividends and labor wages. Before the land transfer, there was an average of 3.8 mu of land per household, which could earn about 31, yuan. Now the land is handed over to Wufeng for operation. If two laborers work on the farm, the three incomes can add up to at least 42, yuan. "
6. In May 29, many farmers in Yangcun, a township, found that the wheat and rape planted in their responsible fields had been tossed beyond recognition by bulldozers. Seeing that their young crops were shoveled and their homesteads were occupied, the villagers who could no longer hold their breath went to the village committee and township government with land contract or land use certificate to ask about the compensation for young crops and land occupation, but they were all told that there was no policy basis for applying for compensation.
since p>28, the township has carried out comprehensive agricultural development, and the project was first implemented in two villages, with good results. In 29, six villages, including Yangcun, began to implement this project, but they did not want to be in an embarrassing situation. The villagers interviewed said: "Why do people I don't know shovel my wheat seedlings? No one told me beforehand, and no one said afterwards, "What I still can't figure out is why the village Committee didn't hold a meeting in advance to introduce it to the villagers clearly? When the reporter asked what project Murakami was going to do, dozens of villagers who occupied farmland because of the project said they didn't know. The reporter just