1, reciprocal trade

(1) Meaning: The seller promises to buy goods or services with the same value from the buyer. For example, if country A exports goods or services worth 6.5438+0 million yuan to country B, it must import goods or services worth 6.5438+0 million yuan from country B at the same time. It is a popular trade method in the world at present. 1987, more than 120 countries in the world demanded reciprocal trade, accounting for about 1/3 of the total world trade.

(2) Main reasons: After 1980s, the trade development among countries in the world was unbalanced, the prices of primary products in developing countries generally fell, foreign debts increased and foreign exchange was scarce. Therefore, in order to maintain trade balance, developing countries demand reciprocal trade.

(3) Scope: The scope of reciprocal trade is very wide, ranging from primary products to machinery and equipment, airplanes, ships and missiles. Among them, the largest transaction volume is oil.

2. Exhibition and sales industry

(1) Meaning: Holding and participating in various international expositions or trade fairs held at home and abroad, focusing on import and export transactions for a period of time, which is called exhibition trade.

(2) Function: you can buy and sell goods; Show the whole picture of economic achievements of various countries; Exchange economic information (world economic development trend).

(3) Specific types: all kinds of comprehensive or professional commodity fairs and expositions held in internationally renowned commercial cities in history, such as Shubixi International Commodities Fair and Paris International Commodities Fair; Hold comprehensive and professional commodity fairs in exporting countries and invite importers from all over the world to see the goods and negotiate business. For example, the China Export Commodities Fair held in Guangzhou in spring and autumn every year, or Canton Fair for short, and the commodity fairs held by various arts festivals in many provinces of China.

3. Processing trade

(1) Meaning: It is usually called "three supplies and one supplement", including processing trade with supplied materials, assembly trade with supplied parts and processing trade with supplied samples.

(2) Features and advantages: less investment, short time, quick effect and low risk.

(3) Significance: Making full use of China's abundant labor resources is conducive to expanding exports and increasing foreign exchange income.

(4) Status quo: Since the reform and opening up, processing trade has developed rapidly in China. From 65438 to 0998, the export of processing trade has accounted for 57% of China's total export, which has become an important way of China's foreign trade export. However, with the expansion of the scale of processing trade, the difficulty of supervision of processing trade is also increasing, and some illegal acts such as smuggling by using processing trade have appeared. During the period of 1999, while maintaining the preferential policies for processing trade, the government of China further improved the management system of processing trade, and implemented classified management of processing trade goods and enterprises.

4. Compensation trade

(1) Meaning: We first import machinery, equipment and technology from abroad in the form of credit purchase, and then repay the loan principal and interest with our own products and services after production. This is also a form of utilizing foreign capital.

(2) Advantages: It not only makes use of foreign capital, but also expands commodity sales channels. The combination of compensation trade and processing trade is usually called "three supplements".