Aichao Submarine (Japanese: ぉやしぉやしぉがたせすぃか゜)
The external design of tide-resistant submarine combines the considerations of low detectability and fluid dynamics. Its sail cover is in the shape of an inclined pile, which disperses most of the reflected waves of the enemy's active sonar. The hull surface is smooth and concise, so as to minimize the protrusions outside the submarine. This can improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of submarine, reduce the resistance and noise caused by water flowing through the hull during navigation, and help to increase concealment and dynamic efficiency.
Compared with the former type of spring tide submarine, Aichao submarine has better maneuverability, increased dive depth, enhanced endurance and superior intelligence processing ability.
Weapon performance—
English name: Tide-friendly submarine Country: Japan
Level: love tide level? Establishment: 69 people
Standard displacement: 2,700 tons, full-load displacement: 3,000 tons.
Length: 8 1.7m width: 8.9m
Draft: 7.9 m speed: 12 knots.
Missile weapon: Harpoon-launched anti-ship missile.
Other weapons: Japanese Type 89 wire-guided torpedo.
Electronic equipment: ZLR-7 radar early warning equipment.
Development and evolution—
1993 (5 years of Heisei), Japan launched the "Five-Year Submarine Construction Plan of Heisei" (05SS), and developed the follow-up ship of the spring tide class diesel-electric attack submarine, which became a tide-friendly class. 1 1 tide-loving ships were built in the Sea of Japan. From 1998 to 2008, it became an army at the rate of one ship per year.
The cost of the first tidal ship (SS-590) is 5865438+76 million yen, the cost of the second tidal ship (SS-59 1) is about 50.673 billion yen (500 million US dollars), and the total cost of the last tidal ship (SS-600) is about 42 billion yen (hull) The average construction cost of each tidal class is about $500 million.
Design features—
Main design:
The displacement of the tide-loving submersible reaches 4500 tons, which is further enlarged than that of the spring tide. Different from the teardrop-type double-hull structure used in the vortex tide, tidal tide and spring tide in Japan before, the love tide class adopts the leaf-rolled ship type, and the hull structure adopts the design of combining single-hull and partial double-hull, with the single-hull structure as the main body, and then the watertight superstructure is arranged along the upper part of the pressure-resistant shell.
Compared with the pure double-shell structure, the composite structure only adds a part of the shell outside the single shell, so the volume between the shell and the pressure-resistant shell is greatly reduced. Under the condition of constant external volume, the volume of the pressure-resistant shell itself can be increased, and some equipment that can directly contact high-pressure seawater without special protection is installed in the watertight area between the pressure-resistant shell and the shell, so it is not necessary to occupy precious space inside the pressure-resistant shell. The watertight area of double-hull composite structure is smaller than that of double-hull submarine, which reduces the water outlet required by submarine shell and helps to reduce fluid resistance and noise during navigation.
Hull design:
The surface of Aichao hull is not a traditional arc, but consists of several planes with different angles. The intersection of planes with different angles is discontinuous and inclined, while the shape of the sail cover is inclined and gradually shrinks upward, which can reduce the radar cross-sectional area when floating.
The surface of tide-loving hull should be smooth and concise, and the area and number of protrusions and openings (such as water tank mouth and hatch cover) outside the submarine should be reduced as much as possible. ) should be minimized, which can improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of submarines, reduce the resistance and noise caused by water flowing through the hull during navigation, and help to increase concealment and dynamic efficiency.
Aichao class has the latest noise reduction and shock absorption technology, and is the first submarine in Japan to lay sound-absorbing bricks on the hull surface, which can greatly reduce the echo of enemy active sonar.
The moisture-resistant soundproof tile is fixed by bolts, instead of being attached to the submarine as in other western countries. This can prevent the soundproof tile from falling off due to the failure of adhesive during sea service, and the gap between the soundproof tile and the hull will penetrate into seawater to form an additional sound-absorbing layer. However, the bolt fixing will increase the weight of the bolt itself, and the bolt head exposed on the surface of the soundproof brick will inevitably produce a little turbulence.
Compared with the submarine with double-hull structure in the past, the Aichao class with single-hull structure as the main body has a larger diameter pressure-resistant shell, which provides more space for installing more effective shock absorption and noise reduction equipment. Through various efforts, Aichao class has become one of the quietest new diesel-electric submarines in the contemporary world.
Power system:
Aichao class has two Kawasaki 12V2525S four-stroke diesel engines, which drive two 5700kw alternators made in Kawasaki to charge two sets of ***240 sulfuric acid batteries. When diving, the battery drives a Fuji 7750 horsepower motor to drive a single-shaft propeller. The propeller adopts a high curvature seven-blade propeller with low noise design. The control surface configuration of the tide-loving class is still the same as that of the tide-seeking class and the spring tide class, and there is a cross tail rudder and a forward horizontal rudder on the sail cover.
Compared with the spring tide level, the control room and steering configuration are greatly different and improved. The latest shipbuilding technology and automation technology have been widely used, and its shooting control and sonar system have also been greatly improved. The displacement of the tide-loving class is higher than that of the spring tide class, but due to the improvement of automation, the number of staff in the spring tide class has decreased from 75 to 70.
Ship electric armed forces;
Aichao class is equipped with ZQQ-6 integrated sonar system developed by Chong Electric Company, including active and passive sonar at the bow, large-scale low-frequency passive array sonar on both sides of the hull and ZQR- 1 passive towed array sonar.
In the past, large cylindrical passive array sonar with a diameter of more than 3 meters was arranged at the bow of the vortex tide class, tidal tide class and spring tide class, and the torpedo tubes were moved back to both sides of the hull; At the tide level, the torpedo tube is arranged at the upper part of the bow, so the bow array sonar of Zhangqing -6 is changed to be horizontally embedded at the lower part of the bow.
The passive array sonar of ZQQ-6 adopts the design of three subarrays, and there are three listening arrays on each side of the hull, which are placed in the front, middle and rear sections respectively. The unilateral passive sonar of ZQQ-5 before the whole aperture ratio is much larger. This three-subarray design is similar to Wide Aperture Sonar (WAA), which was tested in the United States from the late L.A. level.
In addition, the pro-tide class is equipped with the most advanced photoelectric search attack periscope group, and the combat center of the pro-tide class is ZYQ-3 combat system, which can guide and control six torpedoes to engage at the same time. Starting from the eighth ship in this class, COTS business rules computer components began to replace some of the original military rules computers, which greatly increased the computing power, maintenance cost and upgrade flexibility. Starting from the 9th ship of this class, the maritime command and control system (MOF) has been added, which is connected with the command and control terminal (C2T) of the sea curtain satellite data transmission system in Rihai.
Like Japanese submarines in the past, the tide-loving class is equipped with six 533mmHU-605 torpedo tubes, but the installation position is moved from the side of the ship to the upper part of the bow, and the configuration mode is two tubes and four tubes. HU-605 is a hydraulic ejection type, which can launch harpoon anti-ship missiles and mines in addition to torpedoes.
Basic data—
Size: 82m long, 8.9m wide and 7.4m draught.
Displacement: 2,750 tons above water and 4,000 tons under water.
Power system: Kawasaki 12V25/25S four-stroke diesel engine× 23,400 shaft horsepower, Kawasaki: alternator× 2 power 3.7 MW, two sets of sulfuric acid batteries ***240, propulsion motor×1/7,750 shaft horsepower, single shaft/seven-blade propeller.
Speed: water 13 knots, submarine 20 knots.
Diving depth: about 500 meters
Crew: 70 people
Electronic warfare system for surface detection: ZPS-6 search radar × 1, ZLA-7 electronic support system sonar: QQ-6 integrated sonar system × 1 (including bow active/passive sonar, side passive array sonar and a ZQR- 1 passive towed array sonar, etc. ).
Launch control combat system: 3 submarine combat system shipborne armed: HU-605533mm torpedo launcher× 6 (bomb load: 6 rounds (in-tube)+16 rounds (ammunition storage cabin), 89 submarine torpedoes, harpoon anti-ship missiles and mines can be used).
Overall evaluation-
Looking at the overall mute, sonar, launch control and weapon system, Aichao class is a top ocean-going diesel-electric submarine. After the completion of the first 1 1 and the last love tide class-Wang Chao (SS-600), the development of Japanese Haizi submarine did not stop. Instead, we will continue to launch a new generation of submarines-"Heisei 16 Submarine Plan" (referred to as 16SS or 2,900-ton submarine) and become a Canglong-class submarine to replace the current Chunchao-class submarine.
The basic design of the black dragon class is improved from the love tide class. The main changes include lengthening the hull to accommodate four Stirling MK.3 closed-cycle engines (manufactured by Kockums of Sweden and authorized by Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan), making it the first diesel-electric submarine equipped with AIP in East Asia, greatly extending the continuous submarine time.
In addition, the 16SS is equipped with an X-shaped tail rudder, which is more suitable for shallow sea operations. The electronic equipment such as sonar system and operational shooting control on the ship will also be greatly updated, and the latest technologies such as COTS service code components will be adopted.